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| It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible.<br><br>Here are some common dental emergencies:<br>Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached.<br><br>At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN.<br><br>Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours.<br><br>Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary.<br><br>Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.<br><br>Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital.<br><br>Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief.<br><br>In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off.<br><br>If you have any thoughts concerning exactly where and how to use [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90z1mmiwNS8 dentist DC], you can contact us at the site.
| | An '''adaptive equalizer''' is an [[equalizer (communications)|equalizer]] that automatically adapts to time-varying properties of the [[communication channel]].<ref>S. Haykin. (1996). Adaptive Filter Theory. (3rd edition). Prentice Hall.</ref> It is frequently used with coherent modulations such as [[phase shift keying]], mitigating the effects of [[multipath propagation]] and [[Fading|Doppler spreading]]. |
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| | Many adaptation strategies exist. They include: |
| | *[[Least mean squares filter|LMS]] Note that the receiver does not have access to the transmitted signal <math>x</math> when it is not in training mode. If the probability that the equalizer makes a mistake is sufficiently small, the symbol decisions <math>d(n)</math> made by the equalizer may be substituted for <math>x</math>.<ref>[http://cnx.org/content/m10481/latest/ Tutorial on the LMS algorithm]</ref> |
| | *[[Recursive least squares filter|RLS]] |
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| | A well-known example is the [[decision feedback equalizer]],<ref>[http://cnx.org/content/m15524/latest/ Decision Feedback Equalizer]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://signal-integrity.tm.agilent.com/2012/decision-feedback-equalizer-beauty-is-in-the-eye/ | title = For Decision Feedback Equalizers, Beauty is in the Eye | first = Colin | last = Warwick | date = March 28, 2012 | publisher = Agilent Technologies }}</ref> a filter that uses feedback of detected [[Modulation|symbols]] in addition to conventional equalization of future symbols.<ref>{{cite web |
| | | url = http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-3777EN.pdf |
| | | title = Equalization: The Correction and Analysis of Degraded Signals |
| | | first = Ransom |
| | | last = Stevens |
| | }}</ref> Some systems use predefined training sequences to provide reference points for the adaptation process. |
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| | ==See also== |
| | * [[Equalizer (communications)|Equalizer]] |
| | * [[Intersymbol interference]] |
| | |
| | == References == |
| | <references/> |
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| | {{DEFAULTSORT:Adaptive Equalizer}} |
| | [[Category:Data transmission]] |
| | [[Category:Digital signal processing]] |
An adaptive equalizer is an equalizer that automatically adapts to time-varying properties of the communication channel.[1] It is frequently used with coherent modulations such as phase shift keying, mitigating the effects of multipath propagation and Doppler spreading.
Many adaptation strategies exist. They include:
- LMS Note that the receiver does not have access to the transmitted signal when it is not in training mode. If the probability that the equalizer makes a mistake is sufficiently small, the symbol decisions made by the equalizer may be substituted for .[2]
- RLS
A well-known example is the decision feedback equalizer,[3][4] a filter that uses feedback of detected symbols in addition to conventional equalization of future symbols.[5] Some systems use predefined training sequences to provide reference points for the adaptation process.
See also
References