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[[File:Poids fonte.jpg|thumb|right|Iron weights up to 50 [[kilogram]]s depicted in ''{{lang|fr|Dictionnaire encyclopédique de l'épicerie et des industries annexes}}''.]] | |||
To help compare different [[Order of magnitude|orders of magnitude]], the following lists describe various [[mass]] levels between 10<sup>−40</sup> [[kilogram|kg]] and 10<sup>52</sup> kg. | |||
==Units of mass== | |||
<div style="float:right; margin-left: 1em;"> | |||
{{SI multiples | |||
| unit = gram | |||
| symbol = g | |||
| note = Common prefixes are in bold face.<ref>Criterion: A combined total of at least 250,000 Google hits on both the modern spelling ({{nbhyph}}gram) and the traditional British spelling ({{nbhyph}}gramme).<sub>{{nbsp}}</sub></ref> | |||
| p= | n= | μ= | m= | k= | |||
| xM = megagram ([[tonne]]) | |||
| xmc = '''microgram (mcg)''' | |||
}} | |||
</div> | |||
The table below is based on the [[kilogram]] (kg), the base unit of mass in the [[International System of Units]] ([[SI]]). The kilogram is the only standard unit to include an [[SI prefix]] (''kilo-'') as part of its name. The ''[[gram]]'' (10<sup>−3</sup> kg) is an SI derived unit of mass. However, the ''names'' of all SI mass units are based on ''gram'', rather than on ''kilogram''; thus 10<sup>3</sup> kg is a ''megagram'' (10<sup>6</sup> g), not a "kilokilogram". | |||
The ''[[tonne]]'' (t) is a SI-compatible unit of mass equal to a megagram, or 10<sup>3</sup> kg. The unit is in common use for masses above about 10<sup>3</sup> kg and is often used with SI prefixes. | |||
===Other units=== | |||
Other units of mass are in use. Historical units include the [[Stone (imperial mass)|stone]], the [[Pound (mass)|pound]], the [[Carat (mass)|carat]] and the [[Grain (unit)|grain]]. | |||
For subatomic particles, physicists use the mass equivalent to the energy represented by an electron volt ([[Electronvolt|eV]]). At the atomic level, chemists use the mass of one-twelfth of a carbon-12 atom (the [[Atomic mass unit|dalton]]). Astronomers use the [[Solar mass|mass of the sun]] <math>(\begin{smallmatrix}M_\odot\end{smallmatrix})</math>. | |||
{{clear}} | |||
=== Below 10<sup>−24</sup> kg === | |||
Unlike other physical quantities, mass-energy does not have an ''a priori'' expected minimal quantity, as is the case with [[Planck time|time]] or [[Planck length|length]], or an observed basic quantum as in the case of [[Elementary charge|electric charge]]. [[Planck's law]] allows for the existence of photons with arbitrarily low energies. Consequently, there can only ever be an experimental lower bound on the mass of a supposedly massless particle; in the case of the photon, this confirmed lower bound is of the order of 3×10<sup>−27</sup> eV = 10<sup>−62</sup> kg. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
||10<sup id="-40">−40</sup> | |||
|4.2{{e|−40}} kg | |||
|[[Mass–energy equivalence|Mass equivalent]] of the energy of a photon at the peak of the spectrum of the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]] (0.235 meV/''c''<sup>2</sup>){{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-36">−36</sup> | |||
|1.8{{e|−36}} kg | |||
|One eV/''c''<sup>2</sup>, the [[Mass–energy equivalence|mass equivalent]] of one [[electronvolt]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=0&num=1&From=ev&To=kg&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor |title= Conversion from eV to kg |publisher= NIST | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |accessdate=2011-10-19 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|3.6{{e|−36}} kg | |||
|[[Neutrino|Electron neutrino]], upper limit on mass (2 eV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref>"The most sensitive analysis on the neutrino mass [...] is compatible with a neutrino mass of zero. Considering its uncertainties this value corresponds to an upper limit on the electron neutrino mass of m<2.2 eV/c<sup>2</sup> (95% Confidence Level)" [http://www.physik.uni-mainz.de/exakt/neutrino/en_experiment.html The Mainz Neutrino Mass Experiment] | |||
</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="-31">−31</sup> | |||
|9.11{{e|−31}} kg | |||
|[[Electron]] (511 keV/''c''<sup>2</sup>), the lightest [[elementary particle]] with a measured nonzero [[rest mass]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me |title=CODATA Value: electron mass |publisher= NIST | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |accessdate=2011-08-21 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="-30">−30</sup> | |||
|3.0–5.5{{e|−30}} kg. | |||
|[[Up quark]] ([[Quark#Mass|as a current quark]]) (1.7–3.1 MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="PDG2011"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
|author=K. Nakamura ''et al.'' ([[Particle Data Group]]) | |||
|url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/tables/rpp2011-sum-quarks.pdf | |||
|title=PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b', t', Free)' | |||
|publisher=[[Particle Data Group]] | |||
|year=2011 | |||
|accessdate=2011-08-08 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="-28">−28</sup> | |||
|1.9{{e|−28}} kg | |||
|[[Muon]] (106 MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mmu |title=CODATA Value: muon mass |publisher= NIST | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="-27">−27</sup><br>yoctogram (yg) | |||
|1.661{{e|−27}} kg | |||
|[[Atomic mass unit]] ([[Atomic mass unit|u]]) or dalton (Da) | |||
|- | |||
|1.673{{e|−27}} kg | |||
|[[Proton]] (938.3 MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mp |title=CODATA Value: proton mass |publisher= NIST | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mpc2mev |title=CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent in MeV |publisher= NIST | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|1.674{{e|−27}} kg | |||
|[[Hydrogen]] atom, the lightest atom | |||
|- | |||
|1.675{{e|−27}} kg | |||
|[[Neutron]] (939.6 MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mn |title=CODATA Value: neutron mass |publisher= NIST | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mnc2mev |title=CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV |publisher= NIST | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="-26">−26</sup> | |||
|1.2{{e|−26}} kg | |||
|[[Lithium]] atom (6.941 u) | |||
|- | |||
|3.0{{e|−26}} kg | |||
|[[Water molecule]] (18.015 u) | |||
|- | |||
|8.0{{e|−26}} kg | |||
|[[Titanium]] atom (47.867 u) | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=5|10<sup id="-25">−25</sup> | |||
|1.1{{e|−25}} kg | |||
|[[Copper]] atom (63.546 u) | |||
|- | |||
|1.6{{e|−25}} kg | |||
|[[W and Z bosons|Z boson]] (91.2 GeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="Amsler2008">{{cite doi|10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|3.1{{e|−25}} kg | |||
|[[Top quark]] (173 GeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>),<ref> | |||
{{cite web | |||
|author=K. Nakamura ''et al.'' ([[Particle Data Group]]) | |||
|url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/tables/rpp2011-sum-quarks.pdf | |||
|title=PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b', t', Free)' | |||
|publisher=[[Particle Data Group]] | |||
|year=2011 | |||
|accessdate=2011-08-08 | |||
}}</ref> the heaviest known [[elementary particle]] | |||
|- | |||
|3.2{{e|−25}} kg | |||
|[[Caffeine]] molecule (194 u) | |||
|- | |||
|3.5{{e|−25}} kg | |||
|[[Lead]]-208 atom, the heaviest stable isotope known | |||
|} | |||
=== 10<sup>−24</sup> to 10<sup>−19</sup> kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="-24">−24</sup><br>zeptogram (zg) | |||
|1.2{{e|−24}} kg | |||
|[[Buckminsterfullerene|Buckyball]] molecule (720 u) | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-23">−23</sup> | |||
|1.4{{e|−23}} kg | |||
|[[Ubiquitin]], a small protein (8.6 [[atomic mass unit|kDa]])<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.channel-proteomes.com/projects/cav2env/proteins/P62989 |title= Ubiquitin |publisher=Channel Proteomes |accessdate=2011-10-12 }}</ref><!-- 8.6e3 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 1.4e−23 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|5.5{{e|−23}} kg | |||
|A typical [[protein]] (median size of roughly 300 amino acids ~= 33 kDa)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/proteinSize110623Clean.pdf |title= How big is the "average" protein? |author= Ron Milo |accessdate=2011-10-13 }}</ref><!-- 300 amino acids × 110 daltons/amino acid ~= 3.3e4 daltons. 3.3e4 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/ dalton = 5.5e−21 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="-22">−22</sup> | |||
|1.1{{e|−22}} kg | |||
|[[Hemoglobin|Haemoglobin A]] molecule in blood (64.5 kDa)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG |title=Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle |journal=J Appl Physiol |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=511–519 |year=2001 |pmid=11160049 |month=Feb |issn=8750-7587 |url=http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11160049 |ref=harv}}</ref><!-- 6.45e4 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 1.1e−22 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="-21">−21</sup><br>attogram (ag) | |||
|1.65{{e|−21}} kg | |||
|Double-stranded [[DNA]] molecule consisting of 1,578 [[base pair]]s (995,000 [[atomic mass unit|daltons]])<ref>From attograms to Daltons: Cornell NEMS device detects the mass of a single DNA molecule [http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/May05/DNAcount.ws.html]. Retrieved 2010-10-14</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|4.3{{e|−21}} kg | |||
|Prokaryotic [[ribosome]] (2.6 [[atomic mass unit|MDa]])<ref name="ETH_ribosome">{{cite web |url= http://www.mol.biol.ethz.ch/groups/ban_group/Ribosome |title= Eukaryotic Ribosome |publisher= ETH Zurich |accessdate= 2011-10-09 }}</ref><!-- 2.6e6 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 4.3e−21 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|7.1{{e|−21}} kg | |||
|Eukaryotic [[ribosome]] (4.3 MDa)<ref name=ETH_ribosome /><!-- 4.3e6 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/ dalton = 7.1e−21 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|7.6{{e|−21}} kg | |||
|[[Brome mosaic virus]], a small virus (4.6 MDa)<ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/S0006-3495(62)86836-2 }}</ref><!-- 4.6e6 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/ dalton = 7.6e−21 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-20">−20</sup> | |||
|3{{e|−20}} kg | |||
|[[Synaptic vesicle]] in rats (16.1 ± 3.8 MDa)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=102736 |title= Atomic mass of synaptic vesicle - Rat Rattus |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-09 }}</ref><!-- 16.1e6 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 2.67e−20 kg and round to 3e−20 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|6.8{{e|−20}} kg | |||
|[[Tobacco mosaic virus]] (41 MDa)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=y&id=105958&lnsh=1 |title= Molecular weight - Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) - BNID 105958 |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-09 }}</ref><!-- 4.08e7 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 6.78e−20 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-19">−19</sup> | |||
|1.1{{e|−19}} kg | |||
|[[Nuclear pore complex]] in yeast (66 MDa)<ref>{{cite doi|10.1083/jcb.123.4.771}}</ref><!-- 6.6e7 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 1.1e−19 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|2.5{{e|−19}} kg | |||
|Human [[adenovirus]] (150 MDa)<ref>{{cite doi|10.1126/science.1187433}}</ref><!-- 1.5e8 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 2.5e−19 kg --> | |||
|} | |||
=== 10<sup>−18</sup> to 10<sup>−13</sup> kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-18">−18</sup><br>femtogram (fg) | |||
|1{{e|−18}} kg | |||
|[[HIV|HIV-1]] virus<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101667&ver=10 |title= Virus diameter of HIV-1 - HIV |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-11-01 }}</ref><ref>Calculated : volume = 4/3 × ''π'' × (126e−9 m / 2)³ = 1.05e−21 m³. Assume density = 1 g/cm³ => mass = 1.05e−21 m³ × 1e3 kg/m³ = 1.05e−18 kg</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|4.7{{e|−18}} kg | |||
|[[DNA]] sequence of length 4.6 Mbp,<!-- This mass entry is calculated, not measured, as follows: 4.63e6 base pairs × 616 daltons / polymerized base pair × 1.66e−27 kg/dalton = 4.74e−18 kg. Care has been taken to say this is the mass of a sequence, not the genome itself. --> the length of the ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' genome<ref>{{cite journal| journal=Science| author=Frederick R. Blattner, Guy Plunkett III, ''et al.'' | volume=277| doi=10.1126/science.277.5331.1453 | title=The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 | url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/277/5331/1453|pmid= 9278503| pages=1453–1462 | year=1997| issue=5331 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-17">−17</sup> | |||
|~1{{e|−17}} kg | |||
|[[Vaccinia]] virus, a large virus<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=106860&ver=2 |title= Mass of virion - Virus Vaccinia |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-11-01 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|1.1{{e|−17}} kg | |||
|[[Mass–energy equivalence|Mass equivalent]] of 1 [[joule]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=0&num=1&From=j&To=kg&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor |title= Conversion from J to kg |publisher= NIST | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="-16">−16</sup> | |||
|3{{e|−16}} kg | |||
|''[[Prochlorococcus]]'' cyanobacteria, the smallest (and possibly most plentiful)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://genome.jgi-psf.org/prom9/prom9.home.html |title= Prochlorococcus marinus MIT 9313 - Home |publisher= Joint Genome Institute |accessdate=2011-11-01}}</ref> photosynthetic organism on Earth<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101520&ver=6 |title= Size (diameter) of most abundant cyanobacteri - Prochlorococcus - BNID 101520 |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-11-01 }}</ref><ref name="mass_from_v_times_rho_1"/> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-15">−15</sup><br>picogram (pg) | |||
|1{{e|−15}} kg | |||
|''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' bacterium (wet weight)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi |title=E. coli Statistics |publisher=The CyberCell Database |accessdate=2011-09-11 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|6{{e|−15}} kg | |||
|[[DNA]] in a typical [[diploid]] human cell (approximate) | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-14">−14</sup> | |||
|2.2{{e|−14}} kg | |||
|Human [[sperm]] cell<ref name="mass_from_v_times_rho_1"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=106852&ver=1 |title= Surface area and volume of spermatozoa - Human Homo sapiens |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-11-01 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|6{{e|−14}} kg | |||
|[[Yeast]] cell (quite variable)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/YeastSize-Feb2010.pdf |title= How big is a yeast cell and what is it’s mass |author= Ron Milo |accessdate=2011-10-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=y&id=101795&hlid=64639 |title= "Rule of thumb" for cell mass |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-09 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="-13">−13</sup> | |||
|1.5{{e|−13}} kg | |||
|''[[Dunaliella salina]]'', a [[green algae]] (dry weight)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=106042 |title= Cell dry weight - Green algae Dunaliella salina |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-14 }}</ref> | |||
|} | |||
=== 10<sup>−12</sup> to 10<sup>−7</sup> kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="-12">−12</sup><br>nanogram (ng) | |||
|1{{e|−12}} kg | |||
|Average human [[cell (biology)|cell]] (1 nanogram)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray/biology_intro.html |title= A quick introduction to elements of biology - cells, molecules, genes, functional genomics, microarrays |publisher= European Bioinformatics Institute |quote=if we estimate the average weight of a human cell as about 10^-9 g}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|2–3{{e|−12}} kg | |||
|[[HeLa]] human cell<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=103721 |title= Measured HeLa cell mass |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=103720 |title= Estimated HeLa cell mass |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-09 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|8{{e|−12}} kg | |||
|Grain of [[birch]] [[pollen]]<ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70170-2}} "the total pollen grain mass of approximately 7.85 ng"</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="-11">−11</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-10">−10</sup> | |||
|2.5{{e|−10}} kg | |||
|Grain of [[maize]] [[pollen]]<ref>{{cite doi|10.1094/CM-2003-0804-01-RS}} "The dry weight of individual pollen grains has been estimated at 250 ng"</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|3.5{{e|−10}} kg | |||
|[[Particle size (grain size)|Very fine grain]] of [[sand]] (0.063 mm diameter, 350 nanograms) | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-9">−9</sup><br>microgram (µg) | |||
|3.6{{e|−9}} kg | |||
|Human [[ovum]]<ref name="mass_from_v_times_rho_1">Mass calculated from volume assuming density of 1 g/mL</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101664&ver=7 |title= Volume of human oocyte - Human Homo sapiens |publisher= BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-11-01 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|2.4{{e|−9}} kg | |||
|US [[Recommended Dietary Allowance|RDA]] for [[vitamin B12]] for adults<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12 |title= Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B12 |publisher= Office of Dietary Supplements |accessdate=2011-10-02 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="-8">−8</sup> | |||
|1.5{{e|−8}} kg | |||
|US [[Recommended Dietary Allowance|RDA]] for [[vitamin D]] for adults<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind |title= Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D |publisher= Office of Dietary Supplements |accessdate=2011-10-02 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|~2{{e|−8}} kg | |||
|Uncertainty in the mass of the [[International Prototype Kilogram|International Prototype Kilogram (IPK)]] (±~20{{nbsp}}µg){{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} | |||
|- | |||
|2.2{{e|−8}} kg | |||
|[[Planck mass]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?plkm |title= CODATA Value: Planck mass |publisher= NIST | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |accessdate=2011-09-30 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|~7{{e|−8}} kg | |||
|One eyebrow hair (approximate)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.national.com/en/videos/MiligramScale.html |title=Weigh An Eyelash |publisher= National Semiconductor|accessdate=2011-10-02 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-7">−7</sup> | |||
|1.5{{e|−7}} kg | |||
|US [[Recommended Dietary Allowance|RDA]] for [[iodine]] for adults<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-QuickFacts |title=Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Iodine |publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements |accessdate=2011-10-02 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|2–3{{e|−7}} kg | |||
|[[Drosophila melanogaster|Fruit fly]] (dry weight)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?id=102570 |title=Mean dry mass (male) - Fruit fly |publisher=BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=102571 |title=Mean dry mass (female) - Fruit fly |publisher=BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-14 }}</ref><!-- Citations give ranges of "0.219–0.304 mg" for males and "0.281–0.351 mg" for females. --> | |||
|} | |||
=== 10{{e|−6}} to 1 kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="-6">−6</sup><br>[[milligram]] (mg) | |||
|2.5{{e|−6}} kg | |||
|[[Mosquito]]es, common smaller species (about 2.5 milligrams)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mosquito.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=122#weigh |title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=American Mosquito Control Association |accessdate=2011-08-23 |quote=Smaller species found around houses commonly weigh about 2.5 milligrams.}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-5">−5</sup><br>[[centigram]] (cg) | |||
|1.1{{e|−5}} kg | |||
|Small granule of quartz (2 mm diameter, 11 milligrams)<ref>Quartz has a density of 2.65. Mass = Volume × Density = (4/3 × ''π'' × (1e−3 m)³) × (2.65 × 1e3 kg/m³) = 1.1e−5 kg.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|2{{e|−5}} kg | |||
|Adult [[housefly]] (''Musca domestica'', 21.4 milligrams)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Price |first1=G. M. |year=1961 |title=Some Aspects of Amino Acid Metabolism in the Adult Housefly, Musca domestica |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=80 |issue=2 |page=420 |doi= |pmc=1244018 |pmid=16748919}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-4">−4</sup><br>[[decigram]] (dg) | |||
|0.27–2.0{{e|−4}} kg | |||
|Range of amounts of [[caffeine]] in one cup of [[coffee]] (27–200 milligrams)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/caffeine/AN01211 |title=Caffeine content for coffee, tea, soda and more |publisher=Mayo Clinic |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|2{{e|−4}} kg | |||
|Metric [[Carat (unit)|carat]] (200 milligrams)<ref name=NIST_units /> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="-3">−3</sup><br>[[gram]] (g) | |||
|1{{e|−3}} kg | |||
|One [[millilitre|cubic centimeter]] of water (1 gram)<ref>{{cite web|title=Mass, Weight, Density or Specific Gravity of Water at Various Temperatures|url=http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_water.htm|work=SiMetric|accessdate=13 December 2011}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|1{{e|−3}} kg | |||
|US dollar bill (1 gram)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bep.treas.gov/faqlibrary.html |title=FAQ Library |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing |accessdate=2011-08-21 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|~1{{e|−3}} kg | |||
|Two [[raisin]]s (approximately 1 gram)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ |title=Raisins, seedless (NDB No. 09298) |work=USDA Nutrient Database |publisher=USDA |accessdate=2011-10-19 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|8{{e|−3}} kg | |||
|Coins of one [[Euro coins|Euro]] (7.5 grams)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/economic_and_monetary_affairs/introducing_euro_practical_aspects/l25028_en.htm |title=Denominations and technical specifications of Euro coins |quote=weight (g): 7.5 |accessdate=2013-06-22 }}</ref> and one [[Dollar coin (United States)|U.S. dollar]] (8.1 grams)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications |title=Coin specifications |publisher=United States Mint |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="-2">−2</sup><br>[[Gram|decagram]] (dag) | |||
|2–4{{e|−2}} kg | |||
|Adult mouse (''[[Mus musculus]]'', 20–40 grams)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.uiowa.edu/animal/?get=mouse |title=Biomethodology of the Mouse |publisher=Animal Research, The University of Iowa |accessdate=2011-10-17 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|1.37{{e|−2}} kg | |||
|Amount of [[ethanol]] defined as one [[standard drink]] in the U.S. (13.7 grams)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm#standDrink |title=Alcohol and Public Health: Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=CDC |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|2.8{{e|−2}} kg | |||
|[[Ounce]] ([[avoirdupois]]) (28.35 grams)<ref name=NIST_units /> | |||
|- | |||
|4.7{{e|−2}} kg | |||
|[[Mass–energy equivalence|Mass equivalent]] of the energy that is called 1 megaton of [[TNT equivalent]]<ref name="NIST_units">{{cite web|title=Appendix B8—Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically|url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB8.html|work=NIST Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)|publisher=NIST|accessdate=29 October 2011}}</ref><ref>Calculated: 1e6 tons of TNT-equivalent × 4.184e9 J/ton of TNT-equivalent × 1.1e−17 kg of mass-equivalent/J = 4.7e−2 kg of mass-equivalent</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-1">−1</sup><br>[[hectogram]] (hg) | |||
|0.1-0.2 kg | |||
|An [[Orange fruit|orange]] (100–200 grams)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ |title=Oranges, raw, with peel (NDB No. 09205 and 09200) |work=USDA Nutrient Database |publisher=USDA |accessdate=2011-10-18 }}</ref><!-- Source (USDA NDB No. 09200 gives a small orange as 96 grams, a large orange as 184, so we use the range of 100–200 grams. --> | |||
|- | |||
|0.454 kg | |||
|[[Pound (mass)|Pound]] ([[avoirdupois]]) (454 grams)<ref name=NIST_units /> | |||
|} | |||
<!-- Break up the long table into two: masses less than 1 kilogram above, and greater below. --> | |||
=== 1 kg to 10<sup>5</sup> kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=7|1 kg<br>[[kilogram]] (kg) | |||
|1 kg | |||
|One [[litre]] (0.001 m<sup>3</sup>) of water<ref name=water_density>{{cite web|title=Water - Density and Specific Weight|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html|publisher=The Engineering Tool Box}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|1–3 kg | |||
|Smallest breed of dog ([[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahua]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Chihuahua Weight Chart|url=http://members.shaw.ca/crystaljems/weight.htm|accessdate=14 December 2011|quote=907 gms ... 2722 gms}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|1–3 kg | |||
|Typical [[laptop]] computer, 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=Laptop Buyer's Guide|url=http://compreviews.about.com/od/buyers/a/Laptop-Size-and-Weight-Guide.htm|publisher=About.com|accessdate=14 December 2011|quote=2.0 lbs ... > 6 lbs}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|2.5–4 kg | |||
|Newborn human [[baby]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Baby birth weight Information|url=http://www.baby2see.com/baby_birth_weight.html|accessdate=14 December 2011|quote=2500 g ... 4000 g}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|4.0 kg | |||
|Women's [[shot put|shot]]<ref name=shot_put>{{cite web|title=Shot Put - Introduction|url=http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9444.html|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=12 December 2011}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|4–5 kg | |||
|[[cat|Housecat]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} | |||
|- | |||
|7.26 kg | |||
|Men's [[shot put|shot]]<ref name=shot_put /> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="1">1</sup> | |||
|9–27 kg | |||
|Medium-sized [[dog]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Search for Medium Dogs By Looking at Pictures, Dogs that Can get to 20-50 Pounds |url=http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/phsmediumdogs.htm |accessdate=2 July 2013 |quote=Roughly ranging from 20-50 pounds (9-23 kg)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dog Services - Adoptable Dogs |url=http://www.clackamas.us/k9man/adoptpet.jsp |accessdate=2 July 2013 |quote=medium (30lbs to 60lbs)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dog Groups - Medium Sized Dogs - Only Dog Breeds |url=http://www.onlydogbreeds.com/groups/medium.html |accessdate=2 July 2013 |quote=25 to 50 pounds}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10–30 kg | |||
|A [[cathode ray tube|CRT]] computer [[computer display|monitor]] or [[television]] set{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} | |||
|- | |||
|70 kg | |||
|[[Adult]] [[human]]<ref name="Mass of an Adult">{{cite web|title=Mass of an Adult|url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/AlexSchlessingerman.shtml|work=The Physics Factbook|accessdate=13 December 2011|quote=70 kg}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|70 kg | |||
|Large dog{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=5|10<sup id="2">2</sup> | |||
|130–180 kg | |||
|Mature [[lion]], female (130 kg) and male (180 kg)<ref>{{Cite book|author=Nowell, Kristin; Jackson, Peter |title= Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan|url=http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf |format=PDF |year=1996 |publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |location= Gland, Switzerland |isbn=2-8317-0045-0 |pages= 17 |chapter= Panthera Leo |quote=adult males (>4 years) 181 kg (n=14) and females 126 kg (n=25)}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|240–450 kg | |||
|Grand [[piano]]<ref>{{cite web |title=GRAND PIANO GUIDE TO STEINWAY AND INDUSTRY STANDARD SIZES |url=http://www.bluebookofpianos.com/sizes.html |publisher=Bluebook of Pianos |accessdate=13 December 2011 |quote=540 lbs ... 990 lbs}}</ref><ref>Calculated: 540 lbs × 0.4536 kg/lb = 240 kg. 990 lb × 0.4536 kg/lb = 450 kg.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|400–900 kg | |||
|[[Dairy cattle|Dairy cow]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Cow (Cattle) breed comparisons|url=http://www.bovinebazaar.com/whythisbreed.htm|accessdate=14 December 2011}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|500-500,000 kg | |||
|A [[Orders of magnitude (volume)#-6|teaspoon]] (5 ml) of [[white dwarf]] material (0.5–500 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.html |title=Lecture 22: Extreme Stars: White Dwarfs & Neutron Stars |author=Jennifer Johnson |publisher=Ohio State Department of Astronomy |accessdate=2011-10-17}}</ref><ref>Using the quoted density of 1e5 to 1e8 kg/m³ for white dwarf material, 1 teaspoon = 5mL = 5e−3 m³ has a calculated mass of: Low end: 5e−3 m³ × 1e5 kg/m³ = 5e2 kg High end: 5e−3 m³ × 1e8 kg/m³ = 5e5 kg</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|907.2 kg | |||
|1 [[short ton]] (2000 pounds - U.S.)<ref name=NIST_units /> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=5|10<sup id="3">3</sup><br>[[megagram]] (Mg) | |||
|1000 kg | |||
|Metric ton/[[tonne]]<ref name=NIST_units /> | |||
|- | |||
|1000 kg | |||
|1 [[cubic metre]] of water<ref name=water_density /> | |||
|- | |||
|1016.05 kg | |||
|[[Ton]] (British) / 1 [[long ton]] (2240 pounds - U.S.)<ref name=NIST_units /> | |||
|- | |||
|800–1600 kg | |||
|Typical passenger [[car]]s{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} | |||
|- | |||
|3000–7000 kg | |||
|Adult [[elephant]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=6|10<sup id="4">4</sup> | |||
|1.1{{e|4}} kg | |||
|[[Hubble Space Telescope]] (11 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Letter=H&Alias=Hubble%20Space%20Telescope |title=Solar System Exploration: Hubble Space Telescope |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|1.2{{e|4}} kg | |||
|Largest [[elephant]] on record (12 tonnes){{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} | |||
|- | |||
|1.4{{e|4}} kg | |||
|[[Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster|Big Ben]] (bell) (14 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk/bigben.htm |title=The Story of Big Ben |publisher=Whitechapel Bell Foundry |accessdate=2011-10-17 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|4{{e|4}} kg | |||
|Maximum gross mass (truck + load combined) of a [[semi-trailer truck]] in the [[EU]] (40–44 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=31996L0053&model=guichett |format=PDF |page=12 |title=Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 |accessdate=2011-10-18 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|6.0{{e|4}} kg | |||
|Largest single-piece [[meteorite]], [[Hoba West Meteorite]] (60 tonnes)<ref>{{metbull|11890|Hoba}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|7.3{{e|4}} kg | |||
|[[Largest prehistoric organisms#Dinosaurs (Dinosauria)|Largest dinosaur]], ''[[Argentinosaurus]]'' (73 tonnes)<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mazzetta|first=Gerardo V.|coauthors=Christiansen, Per; Fariña, Richard A.|year=2004|title=Giants and Bizarres: Body Size of Some Southern South American Cretaceous Dinosaurs|journal=Historical Biology|volume=16|pages=71–83|doi=10.1080/08912960410001715132|url=http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/papers/Mazzetta-et-al_04_SA-dino-body-size.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-01-23}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="5">5</sup> | |||
|1.8{{e|5}} kg | |||
|[[Largest organisms#Vertebrates|Largest animal]] ever, a [[blue whale]] (180 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/zoology/all-about-animals/question687.htm |title=What is the biggest animal ever to exist on Earth? |publisher=How Stuff Works | accessdate=2011-10-17}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|4.2{{e|5}} kg | |||
|[[International Space Station]] (417 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/isstodate.html |title=International Space Station: The ISS to Date |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-08-23 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|6{{e|5}} kg | |||
|World's heaviest aircraft: [[Antonov An-225]] (maximum take-off mass: 600 tonnes, payload: 250 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vectorsite.net/avantgt.html#m3 |title=The Antonov Giants: An-22, An-124, & An-225 |work=Air Vectors |author=Greg Goebel |accessdate=2011-10-17 }}</ref> | |||
|} | |||
=== 10<sup>6</sup> to 10<sup>11</sup> kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="6">6</sup><br>[[gigagram]] (Gg) | |||
|1{{e|6}} kg | |||
|Trunk of the [[Sequoiadendron giganteum|giant sequoia]] tree named [[General Sherman (tree)|General Sherman]], [[Tree#Largest trees|largest living tree]] by trunk volume (1121 tonnes)<ref>{{cite book |title=Big Trees |first1=Walter |last1=Fry |first2=John Roberts |last2=White |year=1942 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Palo Alto, California}}</ref><!-- _Big Trees_ gives an estimated trunk mass of "2,471,994 pounds": 2471994 pounds / (2.205 pounds/kilo) = 1121 tonnes ~= 1e6 kg since theirs was only a rough estimate --> | |||
|- | |||
|2.0{{e|6}} kg | |||
|Launch mass of the [[Space Shuttle]] (2041 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/basics/index.html |title=Space Shuttle Basics |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-08-24 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|6{{e|6}} kg | |||
|Largest [[clonal colony]], the [[quaking aspen]] named [[Pando (tree)|Pando]] (largest living organism) (6000 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1997-08/868768324.Bt.r.html |title=Re: What is the biggest tree in the world? |publisher=MadSci Network |author=David Hershey |accessdate=2011-10-17 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|7.8{{e|6}} kg | |||
|[[Virginia class submarine|''Virginia''-class nuclear submarine]] (submerged weight)<ref>{{cite web|title=The US Navy|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_print.asp?cid=4100&tid=100&ct=4&page=1|publisher=US Navy|accessdate=17 December 2011}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="7">7</sup> | |||
|1{{e|7}} kg | |||
|Annual production of [[Darjeeling tea]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.darjeelingtea.com/files/teafaqs.asp#02 |title=Darjeeling Tea: Questions and Answers |publisher=Darjeeling Tea Association |accessdate=2011-09-11 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|5.2{{e|7}} kg | |||
|[[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']] when fully loaded (52,000 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.markchirnside.co.uk/Olympic-Titanic66000-ton_displacement_myth.html |title=THE 66,000 TON MYTH |publisher=Mark Chirnside |accessdate=2011-08-24 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|9.97{{e|7}} kg | |||
|[[Heaviest trains|Heaviest train]] ever: Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record (99,700 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/hamersley-freight-line/ |title=Hamersley Freight Line - Railway Technology |publisher=Railway Technology |accessdate=2011-10-17 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="8">8</sup> | |||
|6.6{{e|8}} kg | |||
|Largest ship and largest mobile man-made object, ''[[Seawise Giant]]'', when fully loaded (660,000 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |title=Knock Nevis - The world's largest ship ever |url=http://www.container-transportation.com/knock-nevis.html |work=Container-Transportation |accessdate=19 October 2011}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="9">9</sup><br>[[teragram]] (Tg) | |||
|4.3{{e|9}} kg | |||
|Amount of matter converted into energy by the [[Sun]] each second<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solar-center.stanford.edu/FAQ/Qshrink.html |title=Is the Sun Shrinking? |publisher=Stanford Solar Center |accessdate=2011-08-24 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|6{{e|9}} kg | |||
|[[Great Pyramid of Giza]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great Pyramid of Giza: Measuring Length, Area, Volume, and Angles| first=Janey |last=Levy |year=2005 |isbn=1-4042-6059-5 |publisher=Rosen Publishing Group}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|<div id="1_E_10_kg">10<sup id="10">10</sup></div> | |||
|6{{e|10}} kg | |||
|Amount of [[concrete]] in the [[Three Gorges Dam]], the world's largest concrete structure<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/chinesehistory/contents/07spe/specrep01.html#Quick%20Facts |title=The Three Gorges Dam Project |author=Richard R. Wertz |accessdate=2011-10-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/KatrinaJones.shtml |title=Density of Concrete |work=The Physics Factbook |accessdate=2011-10-17 }}</ref><!-- Value given for mass assumes a density of concrete of 2.3e3 kg/m³. 2.72e7 m³ of concrete × 2.4e3 kg/m³ = 6.3e10 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="11">11</sup> | |||
|~1{{e|11}} kg | |||
|The mass of a [[primordial black hole]] with an [[Black hole evaporation#Black hole evaporation|evaporation]] time equal to the [[age of the universe]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/hawk.html |title=Hawking Radiation |author=Andrew Hamilton |publisher=University of Colorado at Boulder |accessdate=2011-10-17}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|2{{e|11}} kg | |||
|Amount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2 km<sup>3</sup>)<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Area |year=2001 |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=95–97 |title=London's Water Resources: Threat or Opportunity |author=Chris Birks; Mike Owen; Brian Arkell |jstor=20004131}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|4{{e|11}} kg | |||
|Total mass of the human world population<ref name="Mass of an Adult"/><ref>{{cite web |title=World POPClock Projection |url=http://www.census.gov/population/popclockworld.html |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=13 December 2011 |date=13 Dec 2011 |quote=6,981,057,639}}</ref><ref>Calculated: adult men have a weight of 70 kg, use 55 kg to account for smaller weights of women and children. 7.0e9 people × 55 kg/person = 4e11 kg</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|5{{e|11}} kg | |||
|Total biomass of [[Antarctic krill]], probably the most plentiful animal species on the planet<ref>{{cite book |author=Stephen Nicol & Yoshinari Endo |year=1997 |url=http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W5911E/W5911E00.HTM |series=Fisheries Technical Paper 367 |title=Krill Fisheries of the World |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |isbn=92-5-104012-5}}</ref> | |||
|} | |||
=== 10<sup>12</sup> to 10<sup>17</sup> kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="12">12</sup><br>[[petagram]] (Pg) | |||
|0.8–2.1{{e|12}} kg | |||
|[[Biomass (ecology)#Global biomass|Global biomass]] of [[fish]]<ref>{{cite doi|10.1126/science.1157972}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|4{{e|12}} kg | |||
|World crude [[Petroleum|oil]] production in 2009 (3,843 Mt)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=International Energy Agency |title=Key World Energy Statistics 2010 |year=2010 |accessdate=2011-09-13 |page=10}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|5.5{{e|12}} kg | |||
|A [[Orders of magnitude (volume)#-6|teaspoon]] (5 ml) of [[neutron star]] material (5000 million tonnes)<ref>The average density of material in a neutron star of radius 10 km is {{val|1.1|e=12|u=kg cm<sup>−3</sup>}}. Therefore, 5 ml of such material is {{val|5.5|e=12|u=kg}}, or 5 500 000 000 [[metric ton]]s. This is about 15 times the total mass of the human world population. Alternatively, 5 ml from a neutron star of radius 20 km radius (average density {{val|8.35|e=10|u=kg cm<sup>−3</sup>}}) has a mass of about 400 million metric tons, or about the mass of all humans.</ref><!-- Taken from [[Neutron star]] --> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="13">13</sup> | |||
|1–100{{e|13}} kg | |||
|A 1–5 km tall [[mountain]] (very approximate)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/405978 |title=How much does a mountain weigh? |publisher=Answerbag |accessdate=2011-10-19 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="14">14</sup> | |||
|1.05{{e|14}} kg | |||
|Global net [[primary production]] – the total mass of carbon fixed in organic compounds by photosynthesis each year on Earth<ref name=behrenfeld98>{{cite journal |last=Field |first=C.B. |coauthors=Behrenfeld, M.J., Randerson, J.T. and Falkowski, P. |year=1998 |title=Primary production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=281 |pages=237–240 |doi=10.1126/science.281.5374.237 |pmid=9657713 |issue=5374 |bibcode=1998Sci...281..237F }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|7.2{{e|14}} kg | |||
|Total carbon stored in [[Earth's atmosphere]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100967 |title=Total carbon stored in the atmosphere |publisher=BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-19 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="15">15</sup><br>[[exagram]] (Eg) | |||
|2.0{{e|15}} kg | |||
|Total carbon stored in the terrestrial [[biosphere]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100974 |title=Total carbon stored in the terrestrial biosphere |publisher=BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-19 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|3.5{{e|15}} kg | |||
|Total carbon stored in [[coal]] deposits worldwide<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100979 |title=Total carbon stored in coal deposits worldwide |publisher=BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-19 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="16">16</sup> | |||
|1{{e|16}} kg | |||
|[[951 Gaspra]], the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft (rough estimate)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/asteroidfact.html |title=Asteroid Fact Sheet |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-10-15 }}</ref><!-- Note [[951 Gaspra currently lists a mass of 2–3e16kg. This discrepancy should be investigated. --> | |||
|- | |||
|1{{e|16}} kg | |||
|Rough estimate of the total [[carbon]] content of all organisms on Earth.<ref>{{cite journal |author=William B. Whitman, David C. Coleman, William J. Wiebe |year=1998 |title=Prokaryotes: The unseen majority |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |publisher= |volume=95 |issue=12 |pages=6578–6583 |url= |doi= 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578|pmc=33863 |pmid=9618454|bibcode = 1998PNAS...95.6578W }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|3.8{{e|16}} kg | |||
|Total carbon stored in the oceans.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100968 |title=Total carbon stored in the oceans (mostly inorganic) |publisher=BioNumbers |accessdate=2011-10-19 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="17">17</sup> | |||
|1.6{{e|17}} kg | |||
|[[Prometheus (moon)|Prometheus]], a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of [[Saturn]]'s F Ring<ref name="ThomasPC_Saturn">{{cite doi|10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025 }}</ref> | |||
|} | |||
=== 10<sup>18</sup> to 10<sup>23</sup> kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="18">18</sup><br>[[zettagram]] (Zg) | |||
|5.1{{e|18}} kg | |||
|[[Earth's atmosphere]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/abstracts/files/kevin2003_6.html |title=The Mass of the Atmosphere: a Constraint on Global Analyses |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Smith |first2=Lesley |publisher=National Center for Atmospheric Research |accessdate=2011-09-09 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|5.6{{e|18}} kg | |||
|[[Hyperion (moon)|Hyperion]], a moon of Saturn<ref name="ThomasPC_Saturn"/> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="19">19</sup> | |||
|3{{e|19}} kg | |||
|[[3 Juno]], one of the larger asteroids in the [[asteroid belt]]<ref> | |||
{{cite web | |||
|year=2010 | |||
|title=Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations | |||
|publisher=Personal Website | |||
|author=Jim Baer | |||
|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt | |||
|accessdate=2011-10-16 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|3{{e|19}} kg | |||
|The [[rings of Saturn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/planets/SaturnRings.html |title=Saturn's Rings |author=Brainerd, Jerome James |publisher=The Astrophysics Spectator |accessdate=2011-09-09 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="20">20</sup> | |||
|9.4{{e|20}} kg | |||
|[[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]], [[dwarf planet]] within the asteroid belt<ref>{{cite doi|10.1051/0004-6361:20078166}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="21">21</sup><br>[[yottagram]] (Yg) | |||
|1.4{{e|21}} kg | |||
|Earth's [[World Ocean|oceans]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1998/AvijeetDut.shtml |title=Mass of the Oceans |work=The Physics Factbook |accessdate=2011-09-09 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|1.5{{e|21}} kg | |||
|[[Charon (moon)|Charon]], the largest moon of Pluto<ref name="doi10.1086/504422">{{cite doi|10.1086/504422}}</ref><!-- The mass is derived from the citation using their result that Charon is "0.1165" times the mass of Pluto and that Charon+Pluto have a mass of 1.457e22 kg: 1.457e22 × 0.1165/(1+0.1165) = 1.520e21 kg ~= 1.5e21 kg after accounting for the uncertainty in the "0.1165" number --> | |||
|- | |||
|2.9–3.7{{e|21}} kg | |||
|The [[asteroid belt]]<ref name="Krasinskyetal2002">{{cite journal |authorlink=Georgij A. Krasinsky |first=G. A. |last=Krasinsky |coauthors=[[Elena V. Pitjeva|Pitjeva, E. V.]]; Vasilyev, M. V.; Yagudina, and E. I. |bibcode=2002Icar..158...98K |title=Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt |journal=Icarus |volume=158 |issue=1 |pages=98–105 |date=July 2002 |doi=10.1006/icar.2002.6837}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="22">22</sup> | |||
|1.3{{e|22}} kg | |||
|[[Pluto]]<ref name="doi10.1086/504422"/><!-- The mass is derived from the citation using their result that Pluto+Charon together have a mass of 1.457e22kg and Charon is "0.1165" times the mass of Pluto. Therefore Pluto's mass is 1.457e22 × 1/(1+0.1165) = 1.3e22 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|2.1{{e|22}} kg | |||
|[[Triton (moon)|Triton]], largest moon of Neptune<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Triton |title=Solar System Exploration: Triton: Overview |work=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-09-22 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|7.3{{e|22}} kg | |||
|Earth's [[Moon]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Moon&Display=Facts |title= Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures |work=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-10-13 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="23">23</sup> | |||
|1.3{{e|23}} kg | |||
|[[Titan (moon)|Titan]], largest moon of Saturn<ref>{{cite doi|10.1086/508812 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|1.5{{e|23}} kg | |||
|[[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]], largest moon of Jupiter<ref>{{cite doi|10.1126/science.286.5437.77 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|3.3{{e|23}} kg | |||
|[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury&Display=Facts |title=Mercury: Facts & Figures |work=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-09-22 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|6.4{{e|23}} kg | |||
|[[Mars]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars&Display=Facts |title=Mars: Facts & Figures |work=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-09-22 }}</ref> | |||
|} | |||
=== 10<sup>24</sup> to 10<sup>29</sup> kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="24">24</sup> | |||
|4.9{{e|24}} kg | |||
|[[Venus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Venus&Display=Facts |title=Venus: Facts & Figures |work=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-09-22 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|6.0{{e|24}} kg | |||
|[[Earth]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth&Display=Facts |title=Earth: Facts & Figures |work=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-09-29 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="25">25</sup> | |||
|3{{e|25}} kg | |||
|[[Oort cloud]]<ref>Weissman, Paul R. (1983). [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983A&A...118...90W "The mass of the Oort cloud"]. ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''118'''(1): 90–94. Retrieved on 2009-02-05.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|8.7{{e|25}} kg | |||
|[[Uranus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus&Display=Facts |title=Uranus: Facts & Figures |work=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-09-22 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="26">26</sup> | |||
|1.0{{e|26}} kg | |||
|[[Neptune]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune&Display=Facts |title=Neptune: Facts & Figures |work=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-09-22 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|5.7{{e|26}} kg | |||
|[[Saturn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts |title=Saturn: Facts & Figures |work=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-09-22 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="27">27</sup> | |||
|1.9{{e|27}} kg | |||
|[[Jupiter]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Facts |title=Jupiter: Facts & Figures |work=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-09-22 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="28">28</sup> | |||
|2–14{{e|28}} kg | |||
|[[Brown dwarf]]s (approximate)<ref>{{cite web|first = Alan|last = Boss|date = 2001-04-03|url = http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/News4-3,2001.html|title = Are They Planets or What?|publisher = Carnegie Institution of Washington|accessdate = 2006-06-08 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060928065124/http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/News4-3,2001.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-09-28}}</ref><!-- Carnegie citation gives a range of roughly 13–75 Jupiter masses => low end is 13 × 1.9e27 = 2.47e28 kg; high end is ~75 × 1.9e27 = ~14e28 kg => range is 2–14e28 kg. --> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="29">29</sup> | |||
|3{{e|29}} kg | |||
|[[Barnard's Star]], a nearby [[red dwarf]]<ref>{{cite doi|10.1086/383289 }}</ref><!-- 0.15-0.17 solar masses => mass = 3.0–3.4e29 kg --> | |||
|} | |||
=== 10<sup>30</sup> to 10<sup>35</sup> kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="30">30</sup> | |||
|2{{e|30}} kg | |||
|The [[Sun]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html |title= Sun Fact Sheet |publisher= NASA |accessdate= 2011-10-15 }}</ref> (one [[solar mass]] or ''M''<sub>☉</sub> = 1.989{{e|30}} kg)<!-- Note that the main entry for Sun and the entry for solar mass give slightly different masses in the 4th significant digit as of 2011-10-15. --> | |||
|- | |||
|2.8{{e|30}} kg | |||
|[[Chandrasekhar limit]] (1.4 ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref>p. 55, How A Supernova Explodes, Hans A. Bethe and Gerald Brown, pp. 51–62 in ''Formation And Evolution of Black Holes in the Galaxy: Selected Papers with Commentary'', Hans Albrecht Bethe, Gerald Edward Brown, and Chang-Hwan Lee, River Edge, NJ: World Scientific: 2003. ISBN 981-238-250-X.</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1126/science.1136259 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="31">31</sup> | |||
|4{{e|31}} kg | |||
|[[Betelgeuse]], a red [[supergiant]] star (20 ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref>Kaler, Jim. [http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/betelgeuse.html "Betelgeuse"] (2008). ''Stars''. University of Illinois. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="32">32</sup> | |||
|2–3{{e|32}} kg | |||
|[[Pistol Star]], one of the most massive known stars (100<ref>Dejoie, Joyce; Truelove, Elizabeth (May 2000). [http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question21.html "What's the biggest star we know?"] ''StarChild''. NASA. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.</ref> to 150<ref>[http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1997/33/text/ "Hubble identifies what may be the most luminous star known"] (1997). HubbleSite. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.</ref> ''M''<sub>☉</sub>) | |||
|- | |||
|6–8{{e|32}} kg | |||
|[[Hyades (star cluster)|Hyades]] star cluster (300 to 400 ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref>[http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/OpenClusters.html The Astrophysics Spectator: Open Star Clusters]. Retrieved 2008-09-15</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="33">33</sup> | |||
|1.6{{e|33}} kg | |||
|[[Pleiades]] star cluster (800 ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref>{{cite doi|10.1086/319965}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="34">34</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="35">35</sup> | |||
|~10<sup id="-20">35</sup> kg | |||
|Typical [[globular cluster]] in the [[Milky Way]] (overall range: 3{{e|3}} to 3{{e|6}} ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~ognedin/gc/go97_table1.ascii |title=Globular cluster parameters |publisher=Oleg Y. Gnedin and Jeremia P. Ostriker |accessdate=2011-09-09 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|2{{e|35}} kg | |||
|Low end of mass range for giant [[molecular cloud]]s (1{{e|5}} to 1{{e|7}} ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/cosmic_reference/molecular_clouds.html |title= Cool Cosmos |publisher= Infrared Processing and Analysis Center |accessdate= 2011-10-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html |title = Milky Way Galaxy: Molecular Clouds |publisher= The Astrophysics Spectator |accessdate= 2011-10-16 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|7.3{{e|35}} kg | |||
|[[Jeans mass]] of a giant [[molecular cloud]] at 100K and density 30 atoms per cc;<ref>[http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html The Astrophysics Spectator: Molecular Clouds]. Retrieved 2008-09-15</ref><!-- source "approximately 365,000 solar masses" --><br />possible example: [[Orion Molecular Cloud Complex]] | |||
|} | |||
=== 10<sup>36</sup> to 10<sup>41</sup> kg === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="36">36</sup> | |||
|2.4{{e|36}} kg | |||
|The [[Gould Belt]] of stars, including the Sun (1.2{{e|6}} ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref>Olano, C. A. (August 1982). [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1982A%26A...112..195O "On a model of local gas related to Gould's belt"] (PDF). ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''112'''(2): 195–208.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|7–8{{e|36}} kg | |||
|The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, associated with the radio source [[Sagittarius A*]] (3.7±0.2{{e|6}} ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref>{{cite doi|10.1086/427175 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="37">37</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="38">38</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="39">39</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="40">40</sup> | |||
|4.17{{e|40}} kg | |||
|[[NGC 4889]], the largest measured [[supermassive black hole]], weighing in at 21 billion [[solar mass]]es (2.1{{e|10}} ''M''<sub>☉</sub>) | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="41">41</sup> | |||
|4{{e|41}} kg | |||
|Visible mass of the [[Milky Way galaxy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/astr123/Notes/Chapter23.html#mass |title=The Milky Way Galaxy |author=Jim Brau |accessdate=2011-09-12 |quote=total mass (within 15 kpc) = 2 x 10^11 solar masses}}</ref> | |||
|} | |||
=== 10<sup>42</sup> kg and greater === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]]) | |||
!Value | |||
!Item | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="42">42</sup> | |||
|1.2{{e|42}} kg | |||
|[[Milky Way galaxy]] (5.8{{e|11}} ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref name=Karachentsev2006>Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=2006Ap.....49....3K "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field"]. ''Astrophysics'' '''49'''(1): 3–18. {{doi|10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6}}.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|2–3{{e|42}} kg | |||
|[[Local Group]] of galaxies, including the Milky Way (1.29±0.14{{e|12}} ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref name=Karachentsev2006/><!-- Low end of mass is: (1.29-0.14)×1e12 × 1.989e30 = 2.3e42 kg ; high end is: (1.29+0.14)×1e12 × 1.989e30 = 2.8e42 kg --> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="43">43</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="44">44</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="45">45</sup> | |||
|1–2{{e|45}} kg | |||
|Local or [[Virgo Supercluster]] of galaxies, including the Local Group (1{{e|15}} ''M''<sub>☉</sub>)<ref>Einasto, M.; Saar, E.; Liivamägi, L. J.; Einasto, J.; Tago, E.; Martínez, V. J.; Starck, J.-L.; Müller, V.; Heinämäki, P.; Nurmi, P.; Gramann, M.; Hütsi, G. (December 2007). "The richest superclusters: I. Morphology". ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''476'''(2): 697–711. {{doi|10.1051/0004-6361:20078037}}.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="46">46</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="47">47</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="48">48</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="49">49</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="50">50</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="51">51</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|10<sup id="52">52</sup> | |||
|6{{e|52}} kg | |||
|[[Mass of the observable universe]]<ref name="mass_size_density">{{cite web |url=http://people.cs.umass.edu/~immerman/stanford/universe.html |title=Mass, Size, and Density of the Universe |accessdate=2013-01-15 }}</ref> | |||
|} | |||
'''This series on orders of magnitude does not have a range of larger masses''' | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} | |||
== External links == | |||
* [http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/massunits.html Mass units conversion calculator] | |||
* [http://www.pixeling.net/conversions/mass.htm Mass units conversion calculator JavaScript] | |||
{{orders of magnitude wide}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Orders Of Magnitude (Mass)}} | |||
[[Category:Orders of magnitude|Mass]] | |||
[[Category:Mass]] |
Revision as of 07:03, 6 December 2013
To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10−40 kg and 1052 kg.
Units of mass
The table below is based on the kilogram (kg), the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI). The kilogram is the only standard unit to include an SI prefix (kilo-) as part of its name. The gram (10−3 kg) is an SI derived unit of mass. However, the names of all SI mass units are based on gram, rather than on kilogram; thus 103 kg is a megagram (106 g), not a "kilokilogram".
The tonne (t) is a SI-compatible unit of mass equal to a megagram, or 103 kg. The unit is in common use for masses above about 103 kg and is often used with SI prefixes.
Other units
Other units of mass are in use. Historical units include the stone, the pound, the carat and the grain.
For subatomic particles, physicists use the mass equivalent to the energy represented by an electron volt (eV). At the atomic level, chemists use the mass of one-twelfth of a carbon-12 atom (the dalton). Astronomers use the mass of the sun . 50 year old Petroleum Engineer Kull from Dawson Creek, spends time with interests such as house brewing, property developers in singapore condo launch and camping. Discovers the beauty in planing a trip to places around the entire world, recently only coming back from .
Below 10−24 kg
Unlike other physical quantities, mass-energy does not have an a priori expected minimal quantity, as is the case with time or length, or an observed basic quantum as in the case of electric charge. Planck's law allows for the existence of photons with arbitrarily low energies. Consequently, there can only ever be an experimental lower bound on the mass of a supposedly massless particle; in the case of the photon, this confirmed lower bound is of the order of 3×10−27 eV = 10−62 kg.
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
10−40 | 4.2Template:E kg | Mass equivalent of the energy of a photon at the peak of the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation (0.235 meV/c2)Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. |
10−36 | 1.8Template:E kg | One eV/c2, the mass equivalent of one electronvolt[1] |
3.6Template:E kg | Electron neutrino, upper limit on mass (2 eV/c2)[2] | |
10−31 | 9.11Template:E kg | Electron (511 keV/c2), the lightest elementary particle with a measured nonzero rest mass[3] |
10−30 | 3.0–5.5Template:E kg. | Up quark (as a current quark) (1.7–3.1 MeV/c2)[4] |
10−28 | 1.9Template:E kg | Muon (106 MeV/c2)[5] |
10−27 yoctogram (yg) |
1.661Template:E kg | Atomic mass unit (u) or dalton (Da) |
1.673Template:E kg | Proton (938.3 MeV/c2)[6][7] | |
1.674Template:E kg | Hydrogen atom, the lightest atom | |
1.675Template:E kg | Neutron (939.6 MeV/c2)[8][9] | |
10−26 | 1.2Template:E kg | Lithium atom (6.941 u) |
3.0Template:E kg | Water molecule (18.015 u) | |
8.0Template:E kg | Titanium atom (47.867 u) | |
10−25 | 1.1Template:E kg | Copper atom (63.546 u) |
1.6Template:E kg | Z boson (91.2 GeV/c2)[10] | |
3.1Template:E kg | Top quark (173 GeV/c2),[11] the heaviest known elementary particle | |
3.2Template:E kg | Caffeine molecule (194 u) | |
3.5Template:E kg | Lead-208 atom, the heaviest stable isotope known |
10−24 to 10−19 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
10−24 zeptogram (zg) |
1.2Template:E kg | Buckyball molecule (720 u) |
10−23 | 1.4Template:E kg | Ubiquitin, a small protein (8.6 kDa)[12] |
5.5Template:E kg | A typical protein (median size of roughly 300 amino acids ~= 33 kDa)[13] | |
10−22 | 1.1Template:E kg | Haemoglobin A molecule in blood (64.5 kDa)[14] |
10−21 attogram (ag) |
1.65Template:E kg | Double-stranded DNA molecule consisting of 1,578 base pairs (995,000 daltons)[15] |
4.3Template:E kg | Prokaryotic ribosome (2.6 MDa)[16] | |
7.1Template:E kg | Eukaryotic ribosome (4.3 MDa)[16] | |
7.6Template:E kg | Brome mosaic virus, a small virus (4.6 MDa)[17] | |
10−20 | 3Template:E kg | Synaptic vesicle in rats (16.1 ± 3.8 MDa)[18] |
6.8Template:E kg | Tobacco mosaic virus (41 MDa)[19] | |
10−19 | 1.1Template:E kg | Nuclear pore complex in yeast (66 MDa)[20] |
2.5Template:E kg | Human adenovirus (150 MDa)[21] |
10−18 to 10−13 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
10−18 femtogram (fg) |
1Template:E kg | HIV-1 virus[22][23] |
4.7Template:E kg | DNA sequence of length 4.6 Mbp, the length of the E. coli genome[24] | |
10−17 | ~1Template:E kg | Vaccinia virus, a large virus[25] |
1.1Template:E kg | Mass equivalent of 1 joule[26] | |
10−16 | 3Template:E kg | Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria, the smallest (and possibly most plentiful)[27] photosynthetic organism on Earth[28][29] |
10−15 picogram (pg) |
1Template:E kg | E. coli bacterium (wet weight)[30] |
6Template:E kg | DNA in a typical diploid human cell (approximate) | |
10−14 | 2.2Template:E kg | Human sperm cell[29][31] |
6Template:E kg | Yeast cell (quite variable)[32][33] | |
10−13 | 1.5Template:E kg | Dunaliella salina, a green algae (dry weight)[34] |
10−12 to 10−7 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
10−12 nanogram (ng) |
1Template:E kg | Average human cell (1 nanogram)[35] |
2–3Template:E kg | HeLa human cell[36][37] | |
8Template:E kg | Grain of birch pollen[38] | |
10−11 | ||
10−10 | 2.5Template:E kg | Grain of maize pollen[39] |
3.5Template:E kg | Very fine grain of sand (0.063 mm diameter, 350 nanograms) | |
10−9 microgram (µg) |
3.6Template:E kg | Human ovum[29][40] |
2.4Template:E kg | US RDA for vitamin B12 for adults[41] | |
10−8 | 1.5Template:E kg | US RDA for vitamin D for adults[42] |
~2Template:E kg | Uncertainty in the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) (±~20Template:Nbspµg)Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. | |
2.2Template:E kg | Planck mass[43] | |
~7Template:E kg | One eyebrow hair (approximate)[44] | |
10−7 | 1.5Template:E kg | US RDA for iodine for adults[45] |
2–3Template:E kg | Fruit fly (dry weight)[46][47] |
10Template:E to 1 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
10−6 milligram (mg) |
2.5Template:E kg | Mosquitoes, common smaller species (about 2.5 milligrams)[48] |
10−5 centigram (cg) |
1.1Template:E kg | Small granule of quartz (2 mm diameter, 11 milligrams)[49] |
2Template:E kg | Adult housefly (Musca domestica, 21.4 milligrams)[50] | |
10−4 decigram (dg) |
0.27–2.0Template:E kg | Range of amounts of caffeine in one cup of coffee (27–200 milligrams)[51] |
2Template:E kg | Metric carat (200 milligrams)[52] | |
10−3 gram (g) |
1Template:E kg | One cubic centimeter of water (1 gram)[53] |
1Template:E kg | US dollar bill (1 gram)[54] | |
~1Template:E kg | Two raisins (approximately 1 gram)[55] | |
8Template:E kg | Coins of one Euro (7.5 grams)[56] and one U.S. dollar (8.1 grams)[57] | |
10−2 decagram (dag) |
2–4Template:E kg | Adult mouse (Mus musculus, 20–40 grams)[58] |
1.37Template:E kg | Amount of ethanol defined as one standard drink in the U.S. (13.7 grams)[59] | |
2.8Template:E kg | Ounce (avoirdupois) (28.35 grams)[52] | |
4.7Template:E kg | Mass equivalent of the energy that is called 1 megaton of TNT equivalent[52][60] | |
10−1 hectogram (hg) |
0.1-0.2 kg | An orange (100–200 grams)[61] |
0.454 kg | Pound (avoirdupois) (454 grams)[52] |
1 kg to 105 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
1 kg kilogram (kg) |
1 kg | One litre (0.001 m3) of water[62] |
1–3 kg | Smallest breed of dog (Chihuahua)[63] | |
1–3 kg | Typical laptop computer, 2010[64] | |
2.5–4 kg | Newborn human baby[65] | |
4.0 kg | Women's shot[66] | |
4–5 kg | HousecatPotter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. | |
7.26 kg | Men's shot[66] | |
101 | 9–27 kg | Medium-sized dog[67][68][69] |
10–30 kg | A CRT computer monitor or television setPotter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. | |
70 kg | Adult human[70] | |
70 kg | Large dogPotter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. | |
102 | 130–180 kg | Mature lion, female (130 kg) and male (180 kg)[71] |
240–450 kg | Grand piano[72][73] | |
400–900 kg | Dairy cow[74] | |
500-500,000 kg | A teaspoon (5 ml) of white dwarf material (0.5–500 tonnes)[75][76] | |
907.2 kg | 1 short ton (2000 pounds - U.S.)[52] | |
103 megagram (Mg) |
1000 kg | Metric ton/tonne[52] |
1000 kg | 1 cubic metre of water[62] | |
1016.05 kg | Ton (British) / 1 long ton (2240 pounds - U.S.)[52] | |
800–1600 kg | Typical passenger carsPotter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. | |
3000–7000 kg | Adult elephantPotter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. | |
104 | 1.1Template:E kg | Hubble Space Telescope (11 tonnes)[77] |
1.2Template:E kg | Largest elephant on record (12 tonnes)Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. | |
1.4Template:E kg | Big Ben (bell) (14 tonnes)[78] | |
4Template:E kg | Maximum gross mass (truck + load combined) of a semi-trailer truck in the EU (40–44 tonnes)[79] | |
6.0Template:E kg | Largest single-piece meteorite, Hoba West Meteorite (60 tonnes)[80] | |
7.3Template:E kg | Largest dinosaur, Argentinosaurus (73 tonnes)[81] | |
105 | 1.8Template:E kg | Largest animal ever, a blue whale (180 tonnes)[82] |
4.2Template:E kg | International Space Station (417 tonnes)[83] | |
6Template:E kg | World's heaviest aircraft: Antonov An-225 (maximum take-off mass: 600 tonnes, payload: 250 tonnes)[84] |
106 to 1011 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
106 gigagram (Gg) |
1Template:E kg | Trunk of the giant sequoia tree named General Sherman, largest living tree by trunk volume (1121 tonnes)[85] |
2.0Template:E kg | Launch mass of the Space Shuttle (2041 tonnes)[86] | |
6Template:E kg | Largest clonal colony, the quaking aspen named Pando (largest living organism) (6000 tonnes)[87] | |
7.8Template:E kg | Virginia-class nuclear submarine (submerged weight)[88] | |
107 | 1Template:E kg | Annual production of Darjeeling tea[89] |
5.2Template:E kg | RMS Titanic when fully loaded (52,000 tonnes)[90] | |
9.97Template:E kg | Heaviest train ever: Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record (99,700 tonnes)[91] | |
108 | 6.6Template:E kg | Largest ship and largest mobile man-made object, Seawise Giant, when fully loaded (660,000 tonnes)[92] |
109 teragram (Tg) |
4.3Template:E kg | Amount of matter converted into energy by the Sun each second[93] |
6Template:E kg | Great Pyramid of Giza[94] | |
1010
|
6Template:E kg | Amount of concrete in the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest concrete structure[95][96] |
1011 | ~1Template:E kg | The mass of a primordial black hole with an evaporation time equal to the age of the universe[97] |
2Template:E kg | Amount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2 km3)[98] | |
4Template:E kg | Total mass of the human world population[70][99][100] | |
5Template:E kg | Total biomass of Antarctic krill, probably the most plentiful animal species on the planet[101] |
1012 to 1017 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
1012 petagram (Pg) |
0.8–2.1Template:E kg | Global biomass of fish[102] |
4Template:E kg | World crude oil production in 2009 (3,843 Mt)[103] | |
5.5Template:E kg | A teaspoon (5 ml) of neutron star material (5000 million tonnes)[104] | |
1013 | 1–100Template:E kg | A 1–5 km tall mountain (very approximate)[105] |
1014 | 1.05Template:E kg | Global net primary production – the total mass of carbon fixed in organic compounds by photosynthesis each year on Earth[106] |
7.2Template:E kg | Total carbon stored in Earth's atmosphere[107] | |
1015 exagram (Eg) |
2.0Template:E kg | Total carbon stored in the terrestrial biosphere[108] |
3.5Template:E kg | Total carbon stored in coal deposits worldwide[109] | |
1016 | 1Template:E kg | 951 Gaspra, the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft (rough estimate)[110] |
1Template:E kg | Rough estimate of the total carbon content of all organisms on Earth.[111] | |
3.8Template:E kg | Total carbon stored in the oceans.[112] | |
1017 | 1.6Template:E kg | Prometheus, a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of Saturn's F Ring[113] |
1018 to 1023 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
1018 zettagram (Zg) |
5.1Template:E kg | Earth's atmosphere[114] |
5.6Template:E kg | Hyperion, a moon of Saturn[113] | |
1019 | 3Template:E kg | 3 Juno, one of the larger asteroids in the asteroid belt[115] |
3Template:E kg | The rings of Saturn[116] | |
1020 | 9.4Template:E kg | Ceres, dwarf planet within the asteroid belt[117] |
1021 yottagram (Yg) |
1.4Template:E kg | Earth's oceans[118] |
1.5Template:E kg | Charon, the largest moon of Pluto[119] | |
2.9–3.7Template:E kg | The asteroid belt[120] | |
1022 | 1.3Template:E kg | Pluto[119] |
2.1Template:E kg | Triton, largest moon of Neptune[121] | |
7.3Template:E kg | Earth's Moon[122] | |
1023 | 1.3Template:E kg | Titan, largest moon of Saturn[123] |
1.5Template:E kg | Ganymede, largest moon of Jupiter[124] | |
3.3Template:E kg | Mercury[125] | |
6.4Template:E kg | Mars[126] |
1024 to 1029 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
1024 | 4.9Template:E kg | Venus[127] |
6.0Template:E kg | Earth[128] | |
1025 | 3Template:E kg | Oort cloud[129] |
8.7Template:E kg | Uranus[130] | |
1026 | 1.0Template:E kg | Neptune[131] |
5.7Template:E kg | Saturn[132] | |
1027 | 1.9Template:E kg | Jupiter[133] |
1028 | 2–14Template:E kg | Brown dwarfs (approximate)[134] |
1029 | 3Template:E kg | Barnard's Star, a nearby red dwarf[135] |
1030 to 1035 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
1030 | 2Template:E kg | The Sun[136] (one solar mass or M☉ = 1.989Template:E kg) |
2.8Template:E kg | Chandrasekhar limit (1.4 M☉)[137][138] | |
1031 | 4Template:E kg | Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star (20 M☉)[139] |
1032 | 2–3Template:E kg | Pistol Star, one of the most massive known stars (100[140] to 150[141] M☉) |
6–8Template:E kg | Hyades star cluster (300 to 400 M☉)[142] | |
1033 | 1.6Template:E kg | Pleiades star cluster (800 M☉)[143] |
1034 | ||
1035 | ~1035 kg | Typical globular cluster in the Milky Way (overall range: 3Template:E to 3Template:E M☉)[144] |
2Template:E kg | Low end of mass range for giant molecular clouds (1Template:E to 1Template:E M☉)[145][146] | |
7.3Template:E kg | Jeans mass of a giant molecular cloud at 100K and density 30 atoms per cc;[147] possible example: Orion Molecular Cloud Complex |
1036 to 1041 kg
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
1036 | 2.4Template:E kg | The Gould Belt of stars, including the Sun (1.2Template:E M☉)[148] |
7–8Template:E kg | The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, associated with the radio source Sagittarius A* (3.7±0.2Template:E M☉)[149] | |
1037 | ||
1038 | ||
1039 | ||
1040 | 4.17Template:E kg | NGC 4889, the largest measured supermassive black hole, weighing in at 21 billion solar masses (2.1Template:E M☉) |
1041 | 4Template:E kg | Visible mass of the Milky Way galaxy[150] |
1042 kg and greater
Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
---|---|---|
1042 | 1.2Template:E kg | Milky Way galaxy (5.8Template:E M☉)[151] |
2–3Template:E kg | Local Group of galaxies, including the Milky Way (1.29±0.14Template:E M☉)[151] | |
1043 | ||
1044 | ||
1045 | 1–2Template:E kg | Local or Virgo Supercluster of galaxies, including the Local Group (1Template:E M☉)[152] |
1046 | ||
1047 | ||
1048 | ||
1049 | ||
1050 | ||
1051 | ||
1052 | 6Template:E kg | Mass of the observable universe[153] |
This series on orders of magnitude does not have a range of larger masses
Notes
43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.
External links
Template:Orders of magnitude wide
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ "The most sensitive analysis on the neutrino mass [...] is compatible with a neutrino mass of zero. Considering its uncertainties this value corresponds to an upper limit on the electron neutrino mass of m<2.2 eV/c2 (95% Confidence Level)" The Mainz Neutrino Mass Experiment
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite doi
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ From attograms to Daltons: Cornell NEMS device detects the mass of a single DNA molecule [1]. Retrieved 2010-10-14
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite doi
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite doi
- ↑ Template:Cite doi
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Calculated : volume = 4/3 × π × (126e−9 m / 2)³ = 1.05e−21 m³. Assume density = 1 g/cm³ => mass = 1.05e−21 m³ × 1e3 kg/m³ = 1.05e−18 kg
- ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Mass calculated from volume assuming density of 1 g/mL
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite doi "the total pollen grain mass of approximately 7.85 ng"
- ↑ Template:Cite doi "The dry weight of individual pollen grains has been estimated at 250 ng"
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Quartz has a density of 2.65. Mass = Volume × Density = (4/3 × π × (1e−3 m)³) × (2.65 × 1e3 kg/m³) = 1.1e−5 kg.
- ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 52.5 52.6 Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Calculated: 1e6 tons of TNT-equivalent × 4.184e9 J/ton of TNT-equivalent × 1.1e−17 kg of mass-equivalent/J = 4.7e−2 kg of mass-equivalent
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ 70.0 70.1 Template:Cite web
- ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Calculated: 540 lbs × 0.4536 kg/lb = 240 kg. 990 lb × 0.4536 kg/lb = 450 kg.
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Using the quoted density of 1e5 to 1e8 kg/m³ for white dwarf material, 1 teaspoon = 5mL = 5e−3 m³ has a calculated mass of: Low end: 5e−3 m³ × 1e5 kg/m³ = 5e2 kg High end: 5e−3 m³ × 1e8 kg/m³ = 5e5 kg
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Metbull
- ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Calculated: adult men have a weight of 70 kg, use 55 kg to account for smaller weights of women and children. 7.0e9 people × 55 kg/person = 4e11 kg
- ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ Template:Cite doi
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ The average density of material in a neutron star of radius 10 km is Template:Val. Therefore, 5 ml of such material is Template:Val, or 5 500 000 000 metric tons. This is about 15 times the total mass of the human world population. Alternatively, 5 ml from a neutron star of radius 20 km radius (average density Template:Val) has a mass of about 400 million metric tons, or about the mass of all humans.
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ 113.0 113.1 Template:Cite doi
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite doi
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ 119.0 119.1 Template:Cite doi
- ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite web
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- ↑ Weissman, Paul R. (1983). "The mass of the Oort cloud". Astronomy and Astrophysics 118(1): 90–94. Retrieved on 2009-02-05.
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- ↑ p. 55, How A Supernova Explodes, Hans A. Bethe and Gerald Brown, pp. 51–62 in Formation And Evolution of Black Holes in the Galaxy: Selected Papers with Commentary, Hans Albrecht Bethe, Gerald Edward Brown, and Chang-Hwan Lee, River Edge, NJ: World Scientific: 2003. ISBN 981-238-250-X.
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- ↑ Kaler, Jim. "Betelgeuse" (2008). Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.
- ↑ Dejoie, Joyce; Truelove, Elizabeth (May 2000). "What's the biggest star we know?" StarChild. NASA. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.
- ↑ "Hubble identifies what may be the most luminous star known" (1997). HubbleSite. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.
- ↑ The Astrophysics Spectator: Open Star Clusters. Retrieved 2008-09-15
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- ↑ The Astrophysics Spectator: Molecular Clouds. Retrieved 2008-09-15
- ↑ Olano, C. A. (August 1982). "On a model of local gas related to Gould's belt" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics 112(2): 195–208.
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- ↑ 151.0 151.1 Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics 49(1): 3–18. 21 year-old Glazier James Grippo from Edam, enjoys hang gliding, industrial property developers in singapore developers in singapore and camping. Finds the entire world an motivating place we have spent 4 months at Alejandro de Humboldt National Park..
- ↑ Einasto, M.; Saar, E.; Liivamägi, L. J.; Einasto, J.; Tago, E.; Martínez, V. J.; Starck, J.-L.; Müller, V.; Heinämäki, P.; Nurmi, P.; Gramann, M.; Hütsi, G. (December 2007). "The richest superclusters: I. Morphology". Astronomy and Astrophysics 476(2): 697–711. 21 year-old Glazier James Grippo from Edam, enjoys hang gliding, industrial property developers in singapore developers in singapore and camping. Finds the entire world an motivating place we have spent 4 months at Alejandro de Humboldt National Park..
- ↑ Template:Cite web