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| '''Voice Inversion''' [[scrambler|scrambling]] is an analog method of obscuring the content of a transmission. It sometimes used in public service radio, automobile racing, cordless telephones and the [[Family Radio Service]]. Without a descrambler, the transmission makes the speaker "sound like [[Donald Duck]]". It is called "voice inversion", but the technique operates on the passband of the information and so can be applied to any information being transmitted.
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| There are various forms of voice inversion which offer differing levels of security. Overall, voice inversion scrambling offers little true security as software and even hobbyist kits are available from kit makers for scrambling and descrambling. The cadence of the speech is not changed. It is often easy to guess what is happening in the conversation by listening for other audio cues like questions, short responses and other language cadences.
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| In the simplest form of voice inversion, the frequency <math>p</math> of each component is replaced with <math>s-p</math>, where <math>s</math> is the frequency of a [[carrier wave]]. This can be done by [[amplitude modulation|amplitude modulating]] the speech signal with the carrier, then applying a [[low-pass filter]] to select the lower [[sideband]]. <ref name="van der Bijl">Hendrick J van der Bijl, "Method and system for radiosignalling." United States patent 1 502 889, issued 29 July 1924.</ref> This will make the low tones of the voice sound like high ones and vice versa. This process also occurs naturally if a radio receiver is tuned to a [[single sideband]] transmission but set to decode the wrong sideband.
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| There are more advanced forms of voice inversion which are more complex and require more effort to descramble. One method is to use a random code to choose the carrier frequency and then change this code in real time. This is called ''Rolling Code voice inversion'' and one can often hear the "ticks" in the transmission which signal the changing of the inversion point.
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| Another method is ''Split Band Voice Inversion'' sometimes called VSB. This is where the band is split and then each band is inverted separately. A rolling code can also be added to this method for Split Band Variable Inversion.
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| Common carrier frequencies are: 2.868 kHz, 2.632 kHz, 2.718 kHz, 2.868 kHz, 3.023 kHz, 3.107 kHz, 3.196 kHz, 3.333 kHz, 3.339 kHz, 3.496 kHz, 3.729 kHz and 4.096 kHz.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Encryption]]
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| * [[Scrambler]]
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| * [[Secure Communication]] – Scrambling and key distribution scheme for digital television
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| * [[Secure voice]]
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| ==Works cited==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://www.kb9ukd.com/digital/ Audio clips of various radio scrambling and signaling types]
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| * http://groups.yahoo.com/group/voice_encryption_and_scrambling/
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| [[Category:Cryptography]]
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