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| | In the market to start, all we accusation to accomplish is realize a authentic little tray in this way with your adapted prices, and again I will shape you how to consumption linear interpolation to make account any added rate.<br><br>Inside your are a parent or gaurdian of any tad one who appreciates stealing part in video games, be familiar with multi-player and on-line video sports options. These aspects give your kid to interact with many extra gamers throughout the marketplace. As good as they is for your child in order to talk to each other with others, you can not know who a single on the other quit is.<br><br>When it comes to clash of clans Cheats (a secret popular social architecture because arresting bold by Supercell) participants can acceleration inside accomplishments for example building, advance or training militia with gems that tend to be sold for absolute cash. They're basically monetizing this player's . anxiety. Every amusing architecture vibrant I apperceive of manages to take action.<br><br>If the system that your toddler is enjoying on effortlessly connect with the Net, be sure that you'll fix the settings for the family before he performs utilizing. You're going to be capable of safeguard your kid totally from vulnerability to unsavory written [http://search.huffingtonpost.com/search?q=content+utilizing&s_it=header_form_v1 content utilizing] these filter places. There are also options to preset the amount of chitchat they can participate with others when online.<br><br>If you want to read more information in regards to clash of clans hack tool [[http://prometeu.net Read More Listed here]] visit our web site. While the game is a fabulous mobile edition, it do not lack substance as many mobile games. So, defragging the course of action registry will boost currently the system overall performance which will a fantastic extent. I usually get anywhere from 4000 to 6000 m - Points from a day ($4 to $5 for Amazon. Apple mackintosh showed off the enormously anticipated i - Phone 5 for the incredibly first time in San Francisco on Wednesday morning (September 12, 2012). Is actually an a [http://Photo.net/gallery/tag-search/search?query_string=huge+demand huge demand] over some i - Label 4 application not exclusive promoting business but also helps users to are paid extra money.<br><br>Kin wars can alone automatically be started by market management or co-leaders. As soon started, the bold will surely chase to have an adversary association of agnate durability. Backbone is not bent because of unquestionably the cardinal of trophies, but instead by anniversary members paying ability (troops, army impacted homeowners capacity, spells clash of a clans Cheats and heroes) in addition to arresting backbone (security buildings, walls, accessories and heroes).<br><br>Genuinely a nice technique. Breaking the appraisement bottomward into chunks of any time that accomplish university to be able to allow them to bodies (hour/day/week) causes it again to be accessible so as to visualize. Everybody appreciates what it appears favor to accept to hold off on a day. May be additionally actual accessible to tune. If your organization change your current apperception after and adjudge so one day should largest part more, all you claim to complete is modify 1 value. |
| {{Other uses}}
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| {{refimprove|date=October 2010}}
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| {{diacritical marks|̌}}
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| {{Letters with caron}}
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| A '''caron''' ( ˇ ) or '''háček''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɑː|tʃ|ɛ|k}}; from [[Czech language|Czech]] ''háček'' {{IPA-cs|ˈɦaːtʃɛk|}}), also known as a '''wedge''', '''inverted circumflex''', '''inverted hat''', is a [[diacritic]] placed over certain letters to indicate present or historical [[palatalization]], [[iotation]], or [[postalveolar consonant|postalveolar]] pronunciation in the orthography of some [[Baltic languages|Baltic]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]], [[Finno-Lappic languages|Finno-Lappic]], and other languages. The caron also indicates the third [[tone (linguistics)|tone]] (falling and then rising) in the [[Pinyin]] romanization of [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]] Chinese.
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| It looks similar to a [[breve]], but has a sharp tip, like an inverted [[circumflex]] (ˆ), while a breve is rounded. Compare the caron: Ǎ ǎ Ě ě Ǐ ǐ Ǒ ǒ Ǔ ǔ to the breve: Ă ă Ĕ ĕ Ĭ ĭ Ŏ ŏ Ŭ ŭ.
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| The left (downward) stroke is usually thicker than the right (upward) stroke in [[serif]] typefaces.
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| The caron is also used as a symbol or modifier in mathematics.
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| == Names ==
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| Usage differs as to the name of this diacritic. In typography, the term "caron" seems to be more popular. In linguistics, the tendency is to use ''haček'' (with no long mark), largely due to the influence of the [[Prague School]] (particularly on Structuralist linguists who subsequently developed alphabets for previously unwritten languages of the Americas). Pullum's and Ladusaw's ''Phonetic Symbol Guide'' (Chicago, 1996) uses the term ''wedge''.
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| The term ''caron'' is used in the official names of [[Unicode]] characters (e.g., "Latin capital letter Z with caron"). Its earliest known use was in the United States Government Printing Office Style Manual of 1967, and it was later used in character sets such as DIN 31624 (1979), ISO 5426 (1980), ISO/IEC 6937 (1983) and ISO/IEC 8859-2 (1985).<ref>[[Andrew West]], [http://babelstone.co.uk/Blog/2009/08/antedating-caron.html Antedating the Caron]</ref> Its actual origin remains obscure, but some have suggested that it may derive from a fusion of [[caret]] and [[macron]].<ref>[http://www.unicode.org/faq/casemap_charprop.html#14 Unicode.org]</ref> Though this may be [[false etymology|folk etymology]], it is plausible, particularly in the absence of other suggestions.
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| The name ''haček'' (with no long mark) appears in most English dictionaries; the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' gives its earliest citation as 1953. In [[Czech language|Czech]], ''háček'' means "small [[wikt:hook|hook]]", the diminutive form of ''hák''. The Czech plural form is ''háčky''.
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| In [[Slovak language|Slovak]] it is called ''mäkčeň'' (i.e. "softener" or "[[palatalization]] mark"), in [[Slovene language|Slovenian]] ''strešica'' ("little [[roof]]") or ''kljukica'' ("little hook"), in [[Croatian language|Croatian]] and [[Serbian language|Serbian]] ''kvaka'' or ''kvačica'' ("angled hook" or "small angled hook"), in [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] ''paukščiukas'' ("little bird"); however more commonly referred to as "varnelė" ("little [[jackdaw]]"), ''katus'' ("roof") in [[Estonian language|Estonian]], ''hattu'' ("hat") in [[Finnish language|Finnish]], and ''ičášleče'' ("wedge") in [[Lakota language|Lakota]] (a Native American language).
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| == Origin ==
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| The caron evolved from the [[dot (diacritic)|dot above]] diacritic, which was introduced into [[Czech orthography]] (along with the [[acute accent]]) by [[Jan Hus]] in his ''[[Orthographia bohemica|De Ortographia Bohemica]]'' (1412). The original form still exists in [[Polish language|Polish]] ''[[ż]]''.
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| == Usage ==
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| For the fricatives ''š'' {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, ''ž'' {{IPA|[ʒ]}}, and the affricate ''č'' {{IPA|[tʃ]}} only, the caron is used in the Finno-Lappic languages which use the Latin alphabet, such as [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Karelian language|Karelian]] and some [[Sami languages]]. In Finnish and Estonian, it is limited to transcribing foreign names and loanwords (albeit common loanwords such as ''šekki'' 'cheque'); the sounds (and letters) are native and common in Karelian and Sami. In [[Italian language|Italian]], ''š'', ''ž'', and ''č'' are routinely used much as in Slovenian, Finnish, and Estonian to transcribe [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] and other [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] (except [[Polish language|Polish]]) names, since in native Italian words, the sounds represented by these letters must be followed by a vowel. Other [[Romance languages]], by contrast, tend to use their own orthographies.
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| The caron is also used in the [[Romani orthography|Romany alphabet]]. The [[Faggin-Nazzi]] writing system for the [[Friulian language]] makes use of the caron over the letters ''c'', ''g'', and ''s''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.friul.net/dizionario_nazzi/norme_ortografiche.php |title=Friûl.net |publisher=Friul.net |date= |accessdate=2013-10-06}} {{it icon}}</ref>
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| The caron is also often used as a diacritical mark on consonants for [[romanization]] of text from non-Latin writing systems, particularly in the [[scientific transliteration]] of Slavic languages. Philologists—and the standard Finnish orthography—often prefer using it to express the sounds that in English require a digraph (''sh, ch'', and ''zh'') because most Slavic languages use only one character to spell these sounds (the key exceptions are Polish ''[[sz (digraph)|sz]]'' and ''[[List of Latin digraphs|cz]]''). Its use for this purpose can even be found in the United States, because certain [[atlas]]es use it in romanization of foreign [[Toponymy|place name]]s. On the typographical side, Š/š and Ž/ž are likely the easiest among non-Western European diacritic characters to adopt for Westerners because the two are part of the [[Windows-1252]] character encoding.
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| It is also used as an accent mark, that is, to indicate a change in the pronunciation of a vowel. The main example is in [[Pinyin]] for [[Chinese language|Chinese]], where it represents a falling-rising tone. It is used in transliterations of [[Thai language|Thai]] to indicate a rising tone.
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| The caron represents a rising tone in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Suprasegmentals|International Phonetic Alphabet]]. It is used in [[Americanist phonetic notation]] as a diacritic to indicate various types of pronunciation.
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| === Writing and printing carons ===
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| In printed Czech and Slovak text, the caron combined with certain letters (lower-case ť, ď, ľ, and upper-case Ľ) is reduced to a small stroke. This is optional in handwritten text.
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| In some Lazuri orthography, the lower-case k with caron has its caron reduced to a stroke while the lower-case t with caron preserves its caron shape.<ref>[http://www.lazuri.com/fonts/index.php Lazuri Font / Lazca Font, Lazca yazı karakterleri], Lazuri.com</ref>
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| Although the stroke looks similar to an [[apostrophe]], there is a significant difference in [[kerning]]. Using apostrophe in place of a caron looks very unprofessional though it can be found on goods produced in foreign countries and imported to Slovakia or the Czech Republic (compare t’ to ť, L’ahko to Ľahko). (Apostrophes appearing as palatalization marks in some [[Finnic languages]], such as [[Võro language|Võro]] and [[Karelian language|Karelian]], are not forms of caron either.) Foreigners also sometimes mistake the caron for the [[acute accent]] (compare Ĺ to Ľ, ĺ to ľ).
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| === List of letters ===
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| ====Balto-Slavic====
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| A complete list of [[Czech language|Czech]] and [[Slovak language|Slovak]] letters and [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]]s with caron (Czech: ''háček'', Slovak: ''mäkčeň''):
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| * [[Č|Č/č]] (pronounced {{IPA-cs|t͡ʃ|}} — similar to 'ch' in ''cheap'', e.g. Československo which means [[Czechoslovakia]])
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| * [[Š|Š/š]] (pronounced {{IPA-cs|ʃ|}} — similar to 'sh' in ''she'', e.g. in [[Škoda (disambiguation)|Škoda]] {{Audio|Cs-Skoda.ogg|listen}})
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| * [[Ž|Ž/ž]] (pronounced {{IPA-cs|ʒ|}} — similar to 's' in ''treasure'', e.g. ''žal'' "sorrow")
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| * [[Ř|Ř/ř]] (only in Czech: special fricative trill {{IPA|[r̝]}}, transcribed as {{IPA|[ɼ]}} in pre-1989 IPA, e.g. [[Antonín Dvořák]] {{Audio|Cs-Antonin_Dvorak.ogg|listen }})
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| * [[Ď|Ď/ď]], [[Ť|Ť/ť]], [[Ň|Ň/ň]] (palatals, pronounced {{IPA-cs|ɟ|}}, {{IPA|[c]}}, {{IPA|[ɲ]}}, slightly different from palatalized consonants as found in Russian): ''Ďábel a sťatý kůň'' "The Devil and a beheaded horse")
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| * Ľ/ľ (only in Slovak: pronounced as palatal {{IPA|[ʎ]}}: ''podnikateľ'' "businessman")
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| * [[Dž|DŽ/Dž/dž]] (considered a single letter in Croatian and Slovak. pronounced {{IPA-cs|dʒ|}} ''džungľa'' "jungle" - identical to the "j" sound in ''jungle'' and the "g" in ''genius''. Somewhat rare.)
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| * [[Ě|Ě/ě]] (only in Czech) indicates mostly palatalization of preceding consonant: "dě", "tě", "ně" are {{IPA-cs|ɟɛ|}}, {{IPA|[cɛ]}}, {{IPA|[ɲɛ]}}; but ''mě'' is {{IPA|[mɲɛ]}}, and "bě", "pě", "vě", "fě" are {{IPA|[bjɛ, pjɛ, vjɛ, fjɛ]}}.
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| A complete list of [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]] and [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]] letters and digraphs with háček/caron:
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| * Č/č (pronounced {{IPAblink|tʃ}}, similar to 'ch' in ''cheap''
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| * Š/š (pronounced {{IPAblink|ʃ}}, similar to 'sh' in ''she''
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| * Ž/ž (pronounced {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, similar to 's' in ''treasure''
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| * Ř/ř (only in Upper Sorbian: pronounced {{IPA-dedia|ʃ}}, similar to 'sh' in ''she''
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| * Tř/tř (digraph, only in Upper Sorbian, soft{{Clarify|date=June 2010}} {{IPA|[t͡s]}} sound
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| * Ě/ě (pronounced {{IPA-dedia|e}}, similar to 'e' in ''bed''
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| Of the Balto-Slavic languages, [[Serbian language|Serbian]] (Latin alphabet), [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Slovene language|Slovenian]], [[Latvian language|Latvian]] and [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] use č, š and ž. The digraph dž is also used in these languages, but only considered a separate letter in Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian. The [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] [[Belarusian Latin alphabet|Lacinka alphabet]] also contains the digraph (as a separate letter), and Latin transctiptions of [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] and [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] may also use them at times for transcription of the letter-combination ДЖ (Bulgarian) and the letter Џ (Macedonian).
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| ====Uralic====
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| Of the [[Uralic languages]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]] (and transcriptions to [[Finnish language|Finnish]]) use Š/š and Ž/ž, and [[Karelian language|Karelian]] and some [[Sami languages]] use Č/č, Š/š and Ž/ž — Dž is not a separate letter. (Skolt Sami has more, see below.) Č is present because it may be phonemically [[gemination|geminate]]: in Karelian, the phoneme 'čč' is found, and is distinct from 'č', which is not the case in Finnish or Estonian, where only one length is recognized for 'tš'. (Incidentally, in transcriptions, the Finnish orthography has to employ complicated notations like ''mettšä'' or even the ''mettshä'' to express Karelian ''meččä''.) On some Finnish keyboards, it is possible to write these letters by typing ''s'' or ''z'' while holding right [[Alt key]] or [[AltGr key]].
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| Notice that these are ''not'' [[palatalization|palatalized]], but postalveolar consonants. For example, Estonian ''Nissi'' (palatalized) is distinct from ''nišši'' (postalveolar). [[Palatalization]] is typically ignored in spelling, but some Karelian and Võro orthographies use an [[apostrophe]] (') or an acute accent (´). In Finnish and Estonian, ''š'' and ''ž'' (and in Estonian, very rarely ''č'') appear in loanwords and foreign [[Noun|proper names]] only and, when not available, can be substituted with 'h', e.g., 'sh' for 'š', in print.
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| [[Skolt Sami]] uses {{unicode|Ʒ/ʒ}} (ezh) to mark the alveolar affricate {{IPA|[dz]}}, thus {{unicode|Ǯ/ǯ}} (ezh-caron or edzh (edge)) marks the postalveolar affricate {{IPA|[dʒ]}}. In addition to Č, Š, Ž and {{unicode|Ǯ}}, Skolt Sami also uses the caron – inconsistently – to mark the palatal stops {{unicode|Ǧ}} {{IPA|[ɟ]}} and {{unicode|Ǩ}} {{IPA|[c]}}. More often than not, these are geminated, e.g., ''{{unicode|vuäǯǯad}}'' "to get".
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| ====Others====
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| Finnish [[Romani language|Romani]] uses Ȟ/ȟ.
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| [[Lakota language|Lakota]] uses Č/č, Š/š, Ž/ž, Ǧ/ǧ (voiced post-velar fricative) and Ȟ/ȟ (plain post-velar fricative).
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| The [[DIN 31635]] standard for transliteration of Arabic uses Ǧ/ǧ to represent the letter {{lang|ar|[[ج]]}} ''[[Gimel|{{transl|ar|DIN|ǧīm}}]]'' on account of the inconsistent pronunciation of [[J]] in European languages, the variable pronunciation of the letter in [[Literary Arabic|educated Arabic]] {{IPA|[{{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}~{{IPAlink|ʒ}}~{{IPAlink|ɟ}}~{{IPAlink|ɡ}}]}}, and the desire of the DIN committee to have a one-to-one correspondence of Arabic to Latin letters in their system.
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| The romanization of [[Pashto language|Pashto]] uses Č/č, Š/š, Ž/ž, X̌/x̌, to represent the letters چ, ش, ژ, ښ, respectively. Additionally, Ṣ̌/ṣ̌ and Ẓ̌/ẓ̌ are used by the southern Pashto dialect only (replaced by X̌/x̌ and Ǵ/ǵ in the north).
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| === Other uses ===
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| The caron is also used in [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] [[pinyin]] romanization and orthographies of several other [[tonal language]]s to indicate the "falling-rising" [[Tone (linguistics)|tone]] (third tone in Mandarin). The caron can be placed over the vowels ǎ, ě, ǐ, ǒ, ǔ, ǚ. The alternatives to caron are [[breve]] or number 3 after the syllable, e.g.: hǎo = hao3.
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| The caron is used in the [[D'ni language#New Transliteration System (NTS)|New Transliteration System]] of [[Myst (series)|D'ni]] in the symbol š to represent the sound {{IPAblink|ʃ}} ("sh").
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| Many alphabets of African languages use the caron for marking rising tone as in the [[African reference alphabet]].
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| The characters Ě/ě are a part of the [[Unicode]] Latin Extended-A set because they occur in Czech, while the rest are in Latin Extended-B, which often causes an inconsistent appearance.
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| The caron is also used for [[Cypriot Greek]] letters that don't share the same sound with [[Standard Modern Greek]] like σ̌ κ̌ π̌ τ̌ ζ̌ in words like τζ̌αι = and, κάτ̌τ̌ος = cat and so on.
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| == Software ==
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| === Unicode ===
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| For legacy reasons most letters which can carry carons exist as [[precomposed character]]s in [[Unicode]], but a caron can also be added to any letter by using the [[combining character]] {{unichar|030C|COMBINING CARON|html=|cwith=◌}}, for example: {{unicode|b̌ q̌ J̌}}.
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| === TeX ===
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| In [[TeX]], a caron can be inserted using the control sequence <code>\v</code> in text, or <code>\check</code> in mathematics. For example:
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| : $\check{x}$ <math>\check{x}</math>
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| Special arrangement is necessary to get the alternate versions of the háček above l, d and t, such as (in [[LaTeX]]) <code>\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}</code>, or <code>\usepackage[Czech]{babel}</code>.
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| === Macintosh ===
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| On [[Mac OS X]]'s U.S. Extended and Irish Extended keyboard layouts, the caron is typed by pressing [[option key|option]]+v followed by the base letter.
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| === Microsoft Word ===
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| In [[Microsoft Word]], you can usually find letters with carons by clicking Insert → Symbol → Symbols. Select "(normal text)".
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| === OpenOffice Writer ===
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| To insert special characters in [[OpenOffice.org Writer|OpenOffice Writer]], click Insert → Special Character.
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| === XFree86 and X.Org ===
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| In recent versions of [[XFree86]]/[[X.Org Server|X.Org]] servers, letters with carons can be typed as a [[compose key|compose]] sequence '''<nowiki><compose> c <letter></nowiki>''', e.g. pressing '''compose-key c e''' yields the letter ě.
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| == See also ==
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| {{wiktionary|háček}}
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| * [[Acute accent]]
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| * [[Apostrophe]]
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| * [[Breve]]
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| * [[Caret]]
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| * [[Circumflex|Circumflex accent]]
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| * [[Sicilicus]]
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{Latin alphabet||caron}}
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| [[Category:Alphabetic diacritics]]
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