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| In [[economics]], the '''GDP deflator''' (implicit price deflator for GDP) is a measure of the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy. GDP stands for [[gross domestic product]], the total value of all final goods and services produced within that economy during a specified period.
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| Like the [[Consumer Price Index]] (CPI), the GDP deflator is a measure of price inflation/deflation with respect to a specific base year; the GDP deflator of the base year itself is equal to 100. Unlike the CPI, the GDP deflator is not based on a fixed [[market basket|basket]] of goods and services; the "basket" for the GDP deflator is allowed to change from year to year with people's consumption and investment patterns.
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| ==Calculation==
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| ===Measurement in national accounts===
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| In most systems of [[national accounts]] the GDP deflator measures the ratio of nominal (or current-price) GDP to the real (or chain volume) measure of GDP. The formula used to calculate the deflator is: | |
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| : <math>\operatorname{GDP\ deflator} = \frac{\operatorname{Nominal\ GDP}}{\operatorname{Real\ GDP}}\times 100</math>
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| The [[nominal GDP]] of a given year is computed using that year's prices, while the [[real GDP]] of that year is computed using the base year's prices.
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| The formula implies that dividing the nominal GDP by the GDP deflator and multiplying it by 100 will give the [[real GDP]], hence "deflating" the nominal GDP into a real measure.<ref>{{cite web | title=Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts | publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis | date=July 2008 | url=http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/NIPAhandbookch1-4.pdf }}</ref> | |
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| It is often useful to consider implicit price deflators for certain subcategories of GDP, such as computer hardware. In this case, it is useful to think of the price deflator as the ratio of the current-year price of a good to its price in some base year. The price in the base year is normalized to 100. For example, for computer hardware, we could define a "unit" to be a computer with a specific level of processing power, memory, hard drive space and so on. A price deflator of 200 means that the current-year price of this computing power is twice its base-year price - price inflation. A price deflator of 50 means that the current-year price is half the base year price - price deflation. This can lead to a situation where official statistics reflect a drop in prices, even though they have stayed the same. Consider the example of the computer. From year to year, assume that the price of a new computer stays the same, but the computing power doubles. This would result in a price deflator of 50, though the consumer would have to spend the same amount of money on both systems.
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| Unlike some [[price index|price indices]] (like the [[CPI]]), the GDP deflator is not based on a fixed [[market basket|basket]] of goods and services. The basket is allowed to change with people's consumption and investment patterns.<ref>http://www.politonomist.com/gdp-deflator-and-measuring-inflation-00491/</ref> Specifically, for the GDP deflator, the "basket" in each year is the set of all goods that were produced domestically, weighted by the market value of the total consumption of each good. Therefore, new expenditure patterns are allowed to show up in the deflator as people respond to changing prices. The theory behind this approach is that the GDP deflator reflects up to date expenditure patterns. For instance, if the price of chicken increases relative to the price of beef, it is claimed that people will likely spend more money on beef as a substitute for chicken.
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| In practice, the difference between the deflator and a price index like the [[Consumer price index]] (CPI) is often relatively small. On the other hand, with governments in developed countries increasingly utilizing price indexes for everything from fiscal and monetary planning to payments to social program recipients, the even small differences between inflation measures can shift budget revenues and expenses by millions or billions of dollars.
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| ===Pakistan===
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| The [[State Bank of Pakistan]] reports the GDP Deflator and the real GDP of Pakistan.
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| ===India===
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| GDP Deflator in India is reported by the [[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (India)]].
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| ===USA===
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| The GDP and GDP deflator are calculated by the [[US Bureau of Economic Analysis]].
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| ===United Kingdom===
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| The GDP and GDP deflator series are published by the [[Office for National Statistics]].<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/ National Statistics Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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| ===Canada===
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| The GDP and GDP deflator series are published by the [[Statistics Canada]].<ref>[http://statcan.gc.ca/ Statistics Canada: Canada's national statistical agency / Statistique Canada : Organisme statistique national du Canada]</ref>
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| ===Australia===
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| The GDP and GDP deflator are calculated by the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]].
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| ===Argentina===
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| The GDP and GDP deflator are calculated by the [[INDEC]].
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| ===Japan===
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| The GDP and GDP deflator are calculated by the [[Cabinet Office (Japan)]].
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| ===Hong Kong===
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| The GDP and GDP deflator series are published by the [[Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong)]].<ref>http://censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/so250.jsp Census and Statistics Department: National Income</ref>
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| ==See also==
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| {{Portal|Economics}}
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| *[[Fisher index]]
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| *[[Etienne Laspeyres]]
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| *[[Hermann Paasche]]
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| *[[Chained volume series]] (of GDP data.)
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| *[[Implicit Price Deflator for Personal Consumption Expenditures]] (IPD for PCE)
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| *[[Hedonic Index]]
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| *[[Inflation]]
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| *[[GDP]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/data_gdp_guide.htm Gross Domestic Product (GDP) deflators: a user's guide]
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| *[http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy09/hist.html Historical U.S. GDP deflator figures from the federal budget (table 10.1)]
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| ===Data===
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| *[http://stats.oecd.org/WBOS/Index.aspx?QueryId=14744 OECD GDP deflator data]
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| *[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=14&sy=1980&ey=2013&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C446%2C914%2C666%2C612%2C668%2C614%2C672%2C311%2C946%2C213%2C137%2C911%2C962%2C193%2C674%2C122%2C676%2C912%2C548%2C313%2C556%2C419%2C678%2C513%2C181%2C316%2C682%2C913%2C684%2C124%2C273%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C283%2C228%2C853%2C924%2C288%2C233%2C293%2C632%2C566%2C636%2C964%2C634%2C182%2C238%2C453%2C662%2C968%2C960%2C922%2C423%2C714%2C935%2C862%2C128%2C716%2C611%2C456%2C321%2C722%2C243%2C942%2C248%2C718%2C469%2C724%2C253%2C576%2C642%2C936%2C643%2C961%2C939%2C813%2C644%2C199%2C819%2C184%2C172%2C524%2C132%2C361%2C646%2C362%2C648%2C364%2C915%2C732%2C134%2C366%2C652%2C734%2C174%2C144%2C328%2C146%2C258%2C463%2C656%2C528%2C654%2C923%2C336%2C738%2C263%2C578%2C268%2C537%2C532%2C742%2C944%2C866%2C176%2C369%2C534%2C744%2C536%2C186%2C429%2C925%2C178%2C746%2C436%2C926%2C136%2C466%2C343%2C112%2C158%2C111%2C439%2C298%2C916%2C927%2C664%2C846%2C826%2C299%2C542%2C582%2C443%2C474%2C917%2C754%2C544%2C698%2C941&s=NGDP_D&grp=0&a= IMF database of country GDP deflators for 1980-2013]
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| *[http://www.briefing.com/Silver/Calendars/EconomicReleases/gdp.htm Briefing.com: GDP-Adv.]
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| **Compare with [http://www.briefing.com/Silver/Calendars/EconomicReleases/cpi.htm Briefing.com: CPI]
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Gdp Deflator}}
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| [[Category:Index numbers]]
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| [[Category:National accounts]]
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