Benson's algorithm: Difference between revisions

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In [[statistics]], '''Andrés and Marzo's Delta''' is a measure of an agreement between two observers used in classifying data. It was created by Andres & Marzo in 2004.<ref>Andrés, A Martín; Marzo, P. Femia  (2004) "Delta: a new measure of agreement between two raters". ''British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology'', 57(1):1–19 {{doi|10.1348/000711004849268}}</ref>


==Rationale for use==


The most commonly used measure of agreement between observers is [[Cohen's kappa]]. The value of kappa is not always easy to interpret and it may perform poorly if the values are asymmetrically distributed. It also requires that the data be independent. The delta statistic may be of use when faced with the potential difficulties.
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==Mathematical formulation==
 
Delta was created with the model of a set of students (''C'') having to chose correct responses (''R'') from a set of ''n'' questions each with ''K'' alternative answers. Then
 
: <math> \frac{K\Sigma_{ii} - n }{n(K-1)} </math>
 
where the sum is take over all the answers ( ''x''<sub>ij</sub> ) and ''x''<sub>ii</sub> are the values along the main diagnoal of the C x R [[matrix (mathematics)|matrix]] of answers.
 
This formula was extended to more complex cases and estimates of the [[variance]] of delta were made by Andres & Marzo.
 
==Uses==
 
It has been used in a variety of applications including ecological mapping<ref name=Ellis2006>Ellis EC, Wang H (2006) "Estimating area errors for fine-scale feature-based ecological mapping". ''Int J Remote Sensing'', 27(21), 4731–4749 {{doi|10.1080/01431160600735632}}</ref> and alien species identification.<ref name=Prinzing2005>Prinzing A, Durka W, Klotz S, Brandl R (2005) "How to characterize and predict alien species? A response to Pysek et al. (2004)", ''Diversity and Distributions'', 11 (1), 121–123  {{doi|10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00138.x}}</ref>
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
{{statistics}}
 
[[Category:Categorical data]]

Latest revision as of 10:40, 4 October 2014


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The manual one also allows more control for some time in reaching manufacturing stage because of its real scientific reality or backed by scientific research.