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In [[complex analysis]], '''Nevanlinna–Pick interpolation''' is the problem of finding a [[holomorphic function]] from the unit disc to the unit disc (denoted <math>\mathbb{D}</math>), which takes specified points to specified points. Equivalently, it is the problem of finding a holomorphic function ''f'' which [[interpolate]]s a data set, subject to the upper bound <math>\left\vert f(z) \right\vert \le 1</math> for all <math>z \in \mathbb{D}</math>. | |||
More formally, if ''z''<sub>1</sub>, ..., ''z''<sub>''N''</sub> and ''w''<sub>1</sub>, ..., ''w''<sub>''N''</sub> are collections of points in the unit disc, the Nevanlinna–Pick problem is the problem of finding a holomorphic function | |||
:<math>f:\mathbb{D}\to\mathbb{D}</math> | |||
such that | |||
:''f''(''z<sub>i</sub>'') = ''w<sub>i</sub>'' for all ''i'' between 1 and ''N''. | |||
The problem was independently solved by [[Georg Alexander Pick|G. Pick]] and [[Rolf Nevanlinna|R. Nevanlinna]] in 1916 and 1919 respectively. It was shown that such an ''f'' exists if and only if the [[Pick matrix]] | |||
:<math>\left( \frac{1-w_i \overline{w_j}}{1-z_i \overline{z_j}} \right)_{i,j=1}^N</math> | |||
is [[positive definite matrix|positive semi-definite]]. Also, the function ''f'' is unique if and only if the Pick matrix has zero [[determinant]]. Pick's original proof was based on [[Blaschke product]]s. Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation was introduced | |||
into [[robust control]] by [[Allen Tannenbaum]]. | |||
The [[Cayley transform]] can be used to to solve the Pick–Nevanlinna problem for the complex half plane.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} | |||
==Generalisation== | |||
It can be shown that the [[Hardy space]] ''H''<sup> 2</sup> is a [[reproducing kernel Hilbert space]], and that its reproducing kernel (known as the [[Gábor Szegő|Szegő]] kernel) is | |||
:<math>K(a,b)=\left(1-b \bar{a} \right)^{-1}.\,</math> | |||
Because of this, the Pick matrix can be rewritten as | |||
:<math>\left( (1-w_i \overline{w_j}) K(z_j,z_i)\right)_{i,j=1}^N.\,</math> | |||
This description of the solution has motivated various attempts to generalise Nevanlinna and Pick's result. | |||
The Nevanlinna–Pick problem can be generalised to that of finding a holomorphic function <math>f:R\to\mathbb{D}</math> that interpolates a given set of data, where ''R'' is now an arbitrary region of the complex plane. | |||
M. B. Abrahamse showed that if the boundary of ''R'' consists of finitely many analytic curves (say ''n'' + 1), then an interpolating function ''f'' exists if and only if | |||
:<math>\left( (1-w_i \overline{w_j}) K_\lambda (z_j,z_i)\right)_{i,j=1}^N\,</math> | |||
is a positive semi-definite matrix, for all ''λ'' in the [[n-torus|''n''-torus]]. Here, the ''K<sub>λ</sub>''s are the reproducing kernels corresponding to a particular set of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, which are related to the set ''R''. It can also be shown that ''f'' is unique if and only if one of the Pick matrices has zero determinant. | |||
==References== | |||
*{{cite book | |||
| last = Agler | |||
| first = Jim | |||
| coauthors = John E. McCarthy | |||
| title = Pick Interpolation and Hilbert Function Spaces | |||
| publisher = [[American Mathematical Society|AMS]] | |||
| series = Graduate Studies in Mathematics | |||
| year = 2002 | |||
| isbn = 0-8218-2898-3 }} | |||
*{{cite journal | |||
| first = M. B. | |||
| last = Abrahamse | |||
| title = The Pick interpolation theorem for finitely connected domains | |||
| year = 1979 | |||
| journal = Michigan Math. J. | |||
| volume = 26 | |||
| issue = 2 | |||
| pages = 195–203 | |||
| doi = 10.1307/mmj/1029002212 | |||
}} | |||
*{{cite journal | |||
| first = Allen | |||
| last = Tannenbaum | |||
| title = Feedback stabilization of linear dynamical plants with uncertainty in the gain factor | |||
| year = 1980 | |||
| journal = Int. Journal Control | |||
| volume = 32 | |||
| issue = 1 | |||
| pages = 1–16 | |||
}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation}} | |||
[[Category:Interpolation]] |
Latest revision as of 01:35, 13 February 2013
In complex analysis, Nevanlinna–Pick interpolation is the problem of finding a holomorphic function from the unit disc to the unit disc (denoted ), which takes specified points to specified points. Equivalently, it is the problem of finding a holomorphic function f which interpolates a data set, subject to the upper bound for all .
More formally, if z1, ..., zN and w1, ..., wN are collections of points in the unit disc, the Nevanlinna–Pick problem is the problem of finding a holomorphic function
such that
- f(zi) = wi for all i between 1 and N.
The problem was independently solved by G. Pick and R. Nevanlinna in 1916 and 1919 respectively. It was shown that such an f exists if and only if the Pick matrix
is positive semi-definite. Also, the function f is unique if and only if the Pick matrix has zero determinant. Pick's original proof was based on Blaschke products. Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation was introduced into robust control by Allen Tannenbaum.
The Cayley transform can be used to to solve the Pick–Nevanlinna problem for the complex half plane.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.
Generalisation
It can be shown that the Hardy space H 2 is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space, and that its reproducing kernel (known as the Szegő kernel) is
Because of this, the Pick matrix can be rewritten as
This description of the solution has motivated various attempts to generalise Nevanlinna and Pick's result.
The Nevanlinna–Pick problem can be generalised to that of finding a holomorphic function that interpolates a given set of data, where R is now an arbitrary region of the complex plane.
M. B. Abrahamse showed that if the boundary of R consists of finitely many analytic curves (say n + 1), then an interpolating function f exists if and only if
is a positive semi-definite matrix, for all λ in the n-torus. Here, the Kλs are the reproducing kernels corresponding to a particular set of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, which are related to the set R. It can also be shown that f is unique if and only if one of the Pick matrices has zero determinant.
References
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In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
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