Principal axis theorem: Difference between revisions

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<!-- To obtain a blank version of this page, type subst:chembox supplement inside of double curly braces, {{}}, and save the page -->
This page provides supplementary chemical data on [[tetrahydrofuran]]. <!-- replace with proper wikilink -->
 
== Material Safety Data Sheet == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
 
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ([[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]) for this chemical from a reliable source  such as [http://www2.siri.org/msds/index.php SIRI], and follow its directions. MSDS is available at [http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/t1222.htm Mallinckrodt Baker].
 
== Structure and properties == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | Structure and properties
|-
| [[Index of refraction]], ''n''<sub>D</sub>
| 1.4040 at 25°C <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Abbe number]]
|? <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Dielectric constant]], ε<sub>r</sub><ref name="aldrich">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry/solvents/tetrahydrofuran-center.html|title=Tetrahydrofuran Physical Properties|publisher=Sigma-Aldrich|accessdate=25 June 2009}}</ref>
| 7.52 ε<sub>0</sub> at 22 °C <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Bond strength]]
| ? <!-- Specify which bond. Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Bond length]]
| ? <!-- Specify which bond. Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Bond angle]]
| ? <!-- Specify which angle, e.g. Cl-P-O. Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Magnetic susceptibility]]
| ? <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Viscosity]]<ref name="aldrich"/>
| 0.456 mPa·s at 25°C
|-
|}
 
== Thermodynamic properties == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | Phase behavior
|-
| [[Triple point]]
| 164.76 K (–108.39 °C), ? Pa
|-
| [[Critical point (chemistry)|Critical point]]
| 541 K (268 °C), 5190 kPa
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of fusion|Std enthalpy change<br/>of fusion]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 8.540 kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard entropy change of fusion|Std entropy change<br/>of fusion]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 51.8 J/(mol·K)
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of vaporization|Std enthalpy change<br/>of vaporization]], Δ<sub>vap</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 32 kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard entropy change of vaporization|Std entropy change<br/>of vaporization]], Δ<sub>vap</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 51.8 J/(mol·K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Solid properties
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of formation|Std enthalpy change<br/>of formation]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard molar entropy]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| [[Heat capacity]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Liquid properties
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of formation|Std enthalpy change<br/>of formation]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| ? kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard molar entropy]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| 203.8 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[Enthalpy of combustion]], Δ<sub>c</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| –2501.2 kJ/mol
|-
| [[Heat capacity]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 123 J/(mol K) at 25°C
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Gas properties
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of formation|Std enthalpy change<br/>of formation]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| –184.2 kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard molar entropy]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| 301.7 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[Heat capacity]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 76.6 J/(mol K) at 25°C
|-
|}
 
==Vapor pressure of liquid==
Vapor pressure 143&nbsp;mm Hg at 20°C<ref name="aldrich"/>
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: cyan; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
! {{chembox header}} | P in mBar<ref name="">{{Cite web|url=http://www.basf.com/diols/pdfs/thf_brochure.pdf|publisher=BASF|title=Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Storage and Handling|accessdate=24 May 2007}}</ref>
| 9.9 || 19.5 || 36.3 || 63.9 || 107 || 173 || 268 || 402 || 586 || 831 || 1013
|-
! {{chembox header}} | T in °C
| –30 || –20 || –10 || 0 || 10 || 20 || 30 || 40 || 60 || 60 || 66
|}{{Clear}}
 
[[Image:LogTHFvaporPressure.png|thumb|755px|left|'''log<sub>10</sub> Tetrahydrofuran vapor pressure.''' Uses formula: <math>\scriptstyle \log_e P_{mmHg} =</math><math>\scriptstyle \log_e (\frac {760} {101.325}) - 9.608804 \log_e(T+273.15) - \frac {6339.983} {T+273.15} + 78.35769 + 8.183476 \times 10^{-06} (T+273.15)^2</math> obtained from CHERIC<ref name="cheric_p">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php|title=Pure Component Properties|accessdate=24 May 2007|publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center}}</ref>]]{{Clear}}
 
==Distillation data==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align=center colspan="3" | '''Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium<br>of Tetrahydrofuran/Ethanol'''<ref name="cheric">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcvle/hcvle.php|title=Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data|publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center|accessdate=24 May 2007}}</ref><br>''P'' = 100 kPa
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | BP<br>Temp.<br>°C
! colspan="2" | % by mole THF
|- {{chembox header}}
! liquid !! vapor
|-
| 78. || 0.00 || 0.00
|-
| 77.4 || 1.72 || 3.69
|-
| 76.2 || 5.36 || 11.5
|-
| 73.8 || 13.9 || 26.4
|-
| 71.0 || 26.3 || 42.8
|-
| 67.7 || 49.7 || 62.8
|-
| 67.2 || 54.3 || 65.4
|-
| 65.9 || 71.5 || 76.2
|-
| 65.4 || 85.7 || 86.5
|-
| 65.2 || 90.8 || 90.8
|-
| 65.4 || 91.8 || 91.48
|-
| 65.4 || 94.99 || 94.46
|-
| 65.5 || 98.15 || 97.9
|-
| 65.6 || 100.0 || 100.0
|-
|}
{{Clear}}
 
== Spectral data == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV-Vis]]
|-
| [[Lambda-max|λ<sub>max</sub>]]
| ? [[Nanometre|nm]]
|-
| [[molar absorptivity|Extinction coefficient]], ε
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[Infrared|IR]]
|-
| Major absorption bands
| ? [[Centimetre|cm]]<sup>&minus;1</sup>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[NMR Spectroscopy|NMR]]
|-
| [[Proton NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| &nbsp;
|-
| [[Carbon-13 NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| &nbsp;
|-
| Other NMR data <!-- Insert special data e.g. <sup>19</sup>F chem. shifts, omit if not used -->
| &nbsp;
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[Mass Spectrometry|MS]]
|-
| Masses of <br>main fragments
| &nbsp; <!-- Give list of major fragments -->
|-
|}
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ NIST Standard|title=Reference Database}}
 
Except where noted otherwise, data relate to [[standard ambient temperature and pressure]].
 
[[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Disclaimer]] applies.
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tetrahydrofuran (Data Page)}}
[[Category:Chemical data pages]]

Latest revision as of 00:59, 22 September 2013

This page provides supplementary chemical data on tetrahydrofuran.

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS is available at Mallinckrodt Baker.

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD 1.4040 at 25°C
Abbe number ?
Dielectric constant, εr[1] 7.52 ε0 at 22 °C
Bond strength ?
Bond length ?
Bond angle ?
Magnetic susceptibility ?
Viscosity[1] 0.456 mPa·s at 25°C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point 164.76 K (–108.39 °C), ? Pa
Critical point 541 K (268 °C), 5190 kPa
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusHo 		8.540 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of fusion, ΔfusSo 		51.8 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, ΔvapHo 		32 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of vaporization, ΔvapSo 		51.8 J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHosolid 		? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sosolid 		? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp ? J/(mol K)
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHoliquid 		? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Soliquid 		203.8 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcHo –2501.2 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, cp 123 J/(mol K) at 25°C
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHogas 		–184.2 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sogas 		301.7 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp 76.6 J/(mol K) at 25°C

Vapor pressure of liquid

Vapor pressure 143 mm Hg at 20°C[1]

P in mBar[2] 9.9 19.5 36.3 63.9 107 173 268 402 586 831 1013
T in °C –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 60 60 66

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log10 Tetrahydrofuran vapor pressure. Uses formula: logePmmHg=loge(760101.325)−9.608804loge(T+273.15)−6339.983T+273.15+78.35769+8.183476×10−06(T+273.15)2 obtained from CHERIC[3]

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Distillation data

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
of Tetrahydrofuran/Ethanol[4]
P = 100 kPa
BP
Temp.
°C 		% by mole THF
liquid vapor
78. 0.00 0.00
77.4 1.72 3.69
76.2 5.36 11.5
73.8 13.9 26.4
71.0 26.3 42.8
67.7 49.7 62.8
67.2 54.3 65.4
65.9 71.5 76.2
65.4 85.7 86.5
65.2 90.8 90.8
65.4 91.8 91.48
65.4 94.99 94.46
65.5 98.15 97.9
65.6 100.0 100.0

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Spectral data

UV-Vis
λmax ? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε ?
IR
Major absorption bands ? cm−1
NMR
Proton NMR  
Carbon-13 NMR  
Other NMR data  
MS
Masses of
main fragments 		 

References

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Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Template:Cite web
  2. ↑ Template:Cite web
  3. ↑ Template:Cite web
  4. ↑ Template:Cite web
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