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| {{New Testament manuscript infobox
| | They are typically a free website that are pre-designed for enabling businesses of every size in marking the presence on the internet and allows them in showcasing the product services and range through images, contents and various other elements. Good luck on continue learning how to make a wordpress website. Step-4 Testing: It is the foremost important of your Plugin development process. If you need a special plugin for your website , there are thousands of plugins that can be used to meet those needs. It is found that most of the visitors only look for the results that are displayed on the first page of the search engines and so if you get the service from professional service providers then they strive for the first page ranking of your site and improve the online visibility. <br><br>As you know today Word - Press has turn out to be a tremendously popular open source publishing and blogging display place. If you wish to sell your services or products via internet using your website, you have to put together on the website the facility for trouble-free payment transfer between customers and the company. There are number of web services that offer Word press development across the world. If you have any concerns pertaining to where and ways to make use of [http://GET7.pw/wordpress_backup_657754 wordpress dropbox backup], you could call us at the internet site. It primarily lays emphasis on improving the search engine results of your website whenever a related query is typed in the search box. W3C compliant HTML and a good open source powered by Word - Press CMS site is regarded as the prime minister. <br><br>Your Word - Press blog or site will also require a domain name which many hosting companies can also provide. The nominee in each category with the most votes was crowned the 2010 Parents Picks Awards WINNER and has been established as the best product, tip or place in that category. After age 35, 18% of pregnancies will end in miscarriage. Nonetheless, with stylish Facebook themes obtainable on the Globe Broad Internet, half of your enterprise is done previously. Purchase these from our site, or bring your own, it doesn't matter, we will still give you free installation and configuration. <br><br>A built-in widget which allows you to embed quickly video from popular websites. This plugin allows a webmaster to create complex layouts without having to waste so much time with short codes. Thus it is difficult to outrank any one of these because of their different usages. If you choose a blog then people will be able to post articles on your site and people will be able to make comments on your posts (unless you turn comments off). If your blog employs the permalink function, This gives your SEO efforts a boost, and your visitors will know firsthand what's in the post when seeing the URL. <br><br>More it extends numerous opportunities where your firm is at comfort and rest assured of no risks & errors. Automated deal feed integration option to populate your blog with relevant deals. As a result, it is really crucial to just take aid of some experience when searching for superior quality totally free Word - Press themes, Word - Press Premium Themes for your web site. Page speed is an important factor in ranking, especially with Google. Get started today so that people searching for your type of business will be directed to you. |
| | form = Minuscule
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| | number = '''451'''
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| | image =
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| | isize =
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| | caption=
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| | name =
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| | sign =
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| | text = [[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]], [[Catholic epistles]], [[Pauline epistles]]
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| | script = [[Greek language|Greek]]
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| | date = 11th century
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| | found =
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| | now at = [[Vatican Library]]
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| | cite =
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| | size = {{×|19.2|13.9|cm}}
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| | type = mixed, [[Byzantine text-type|Byzantine]]
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| | cat = III, V
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| | hand =
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| | note =
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| }}
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| '''Minuscule 451''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), α 178 (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden|Soden]] numbering),<ref name = Gregory1908>{{cite book|last=Gregory|first=Caspar René|authorlink=Caspar René Gregory|title=Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/diegriechischen00greggoog#page/n75/mode/2up|year=1908|publisher=J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung|location=Leipzig|page=64}}</ref> is a [[Greek language|Greek]] [[Lower case|minuscule]] [[manuscript]] of the [[New Testament]], on parchment. [[Palaeography|Palaeographically]] it has been assigned to the 11th century.<ref name = Aland>{{Cite book
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| | last = Aland
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| | first = K.
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| | authorlink = Kurt Aland
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| | coauthors = M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack
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| | title = Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments
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| | publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]]
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| | year = 1994
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| | location = Berlin, New York
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| | page = 74
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| | url =
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| | doi =
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| | id =
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| | isbn = 3-11-011986-2 }}</ref>
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| Formerly it was labelled by 79<sup>a</sup> and 90<sup>p</sup>. The manuscript has not survived in complete condition.
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| == Description ==
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| The codex is written on 161 parchment leaves in [[Lower case|minuscule]] script. Some of leaves were lost. The leaves are measured {{×|19.2|13.9|cm}}.{{r|Aland}}
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| It contains the text of the [[Acts of the Apostles]], [[Catholic epistles]], and [[Pauline epistles]], with two [[Lacuna (manuscripts)|lacunae]] (2 Cor 11:15-12:1; Eph 1:9-Heb 13:25).{{r|Gregory}} The order of books: Acts, [[Catholic epistles]], [[Pauline epistles]]. It contains also liturgical books with [[Hagiography|hagiographies]]: [[Synaxarion]] and [[Menologion]].<ref name = Gregory/>
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| The biblical text is written in one column per page, in 30 lines per page.{{r|Aland}} The letters are written above lines.
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| It contains Prolegomena at the beginning, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), the [[Euthalian Apparatus]], and numbers of [[Stichometry|στιχοι]] in subscriptions.<ref name = Gregory>{{Cite book
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| | last = Gregory
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| | first = Caspar René
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| | authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
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| | title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
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| | publisher = J.C. Hinrichs
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| | year = 1900
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| | location = Leipzig
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| | volume = 1
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| | page = 271
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| | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n283/mode/2up
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| | isbn =
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| }}</ref>
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| == Text ==
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| The Greek text of the codex is mixed in the Pauline epistles, elsewhere the [[Byzantine text-type]]. [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category III|Category III]] in Pauline epistles and in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category V|Category V]] elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite book
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| | last = Aland
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| | first = Kurt
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| | authorlink = Kurt Aland
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| | coauthors = [[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
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| | title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
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| | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
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| | year = 1995
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| | location = Grand Rapids
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| | page = 133
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| | url =
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| | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref>
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| Textually it is very close to the codices [[Minuscule 330|330]], [[Minuscule 2400|2400]], [[Minuscule 2492|2492]].<ref>Colwell E. C., ''The Four Gospels of Karahissar I, History and Text'', Chicago, 1936.</ref>
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| ; Some unique readings of the codex
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| Acts 13:33
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| * εν τω ψαλμω τω δευτερω γεγραπται (it is written in the second Psalm) – [[Codex Laudianus|Ε]] [[Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament)|Π]] [[Uncial 049|049]] [[Minuscule 88|88]] [[Minuscule 104|104]] [[Minuscule 330|330]] [[Minuscule 436|436]] [[Minuscule 614|614]] [[Minuscule 629|629]] 1241 1505 1877 2127 2412 2492 2495 Byz;
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| Acts 18:26
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| * την του θεου οδον along with [[Codex Porphyrianus|P]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], 049, [[Uncial 0142|0142]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], 330, [[Minuscule 1241|1241]], 1877, 2127, 2492, Byz, Lect;<ref>UBS3, p. 491.</ref>
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| Romans 4:11
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| * λογισθηναι αυτον — 451;
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| * λογισθηναι και — א* [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]] [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]] [[Minuscule 81|81]] 330 [[Minuscule 630|630]] [[Minuscule 1739|1739]] 1881 Byz;
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| * λογισθηναι — [[Minuscule 2492|2492]]
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| Romans 15:19 it supports πνευματος θεου αγιου along with [[Minuscule 330]]
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| : πνευματος θεου
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| : πνευματος αγιου;<ref>UBS3, p. 572. </ref>
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| Romans 16:25-27 is following 14:23, as in [[Codex Angelicus]] [[Codex Athous Lavrensis]], [[Uncial 0209|0209]], [[Minuscule 181]] [[Minuscule 326|326]] [[Minuscule 330|330]] [[Minuscule 460|460]] [[Minuscule 614|614]] 1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495.<ref>UBS3, pp. 576-577. </ref>
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| In 1 Corinthians 7:5 it has unique reading τη προσευχη και νηστεια (''prayer and fasting''); the reading is supported only by 451, and [[John of Damascus]]. Other readings:
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| : τη προσευχη (''prayer'') – <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>11</sup>, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א*, A, B, C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81, 104, 181, 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth
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| : τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (''fasting and prayer'') – א<sup>c</sup>, K, L, 88, 326, 436, 614, 1241, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syr<sup>p,h</sup>, goth.<ref>UBS3, p. 591. </ref>
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| In Ephesians 5:9 it reads πνευματος along with: [[Papyrus 46|P46]] [[Codex Bezae|D<sup>c</sup>]] [[Codex Mosquensis I|Κ]] [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]] [[Minuscule 88|88]] [[Minuscule 104|104]] [[Minuscule 181|181]] [[Minuscule 326|326]] [[Minuscule 436|436]] [[Minuscule 614|614]] 630 [[Minuscule 1241 (Gregory-Aland)|1241]] 1739<sup>mg</sup> 1877 1985 2495 Byz '''ℓ''' ''809'' syr<sup>h</sup>; other manuscripts have φωτος — [[Papyrus 49|P49]] א A B D* [[Codex Augiensis|F]] [[Codex Boernerianus|G]] [[Minuscule 33|33]] [[Minuscule 81|81]] 330 1739* 1881 1962 cop<sup>sa</sup> [[List of New Testament lectionaries|Lectionaries]] it [[Vulgate|vg]] [[Peshitta|syr<sup>p</sup>]], syr<sup>pal</sup> [[Coptic versions of the Bible|cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>]].
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| == History ==
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| Gregory dated it to the 11th century, Stornajolo to the 12th century.{{r|Gregory}} Currently it is dated by the [[INTF]] to the 11th century>{{r|Aland}}
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| The manuscript was examined by [[Andrew Birch|Birch]], [[Johann Martin Augustin Scholz|Scholz]], Stornalojo, and [[C. R. Gregory]] (1886).<ref name = Gregory/>
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| The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by [[Johann Martin Augustin Scholz|Scholz]] (1794-1852).<ref>{{Cite book
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| | last = Scrivener
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| | first = Frederick Henry Ambrose
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| | authorlink = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
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| | coauthors =
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| | title = [[A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament]]
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| | publisher = [[George Bell & Sons]]
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| | year = 1894
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| | location = London
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| | volume = 1
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| | page = 322
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| | url =
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| | doi =
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| | id =
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| | isbn = }}</ref>
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| Formerly it was labelled by 79<sup>a</sup> and 90<sup>p</sup>.<ref name = Scrivener>{{Cite book
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| | last = Scrivener
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| | first = Frederick Henry Ambrose
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| | authorlink = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
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| | coauthors =
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| | title = [[A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament]]
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| | publisher = [[George Bell & Sons]]
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| | year = 1894
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| | location = London
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| | volume = 1
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| | page = 290
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| | url =
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| | doi =
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| | id =
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| | isbn = }}</ref> In 1908 Gregory gave the number 451 to it.{{r|Gregory1908}}
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| It is currently housed at the [[Vatican Library]] (Urb. gr. 3) in [[Rome]].<ref name = Aland/>
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| == See also ==
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| {{Portal|Bible}}
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| * [[List of New Testament minuscules]]
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| * [[Biblical manuscript]]
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| * [[Textual criticism]]
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| {{Refbegin}}
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| {{Refend}}
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| == Further reading ==
| |
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| * {{Cite book
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| | last = Gregory
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| | first = Caspar René
| |
| | authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
| |
| | title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
| |
| | publisher = J.C. Hinrichs
| |
| | year = 1900
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| | location = Leipzig
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| | volume = 1
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| | page = 271
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| | url = http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n283/mode/2up
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| | isbn =
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| }}
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| == External links ==
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| * R. Waltz, [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/Manuscripts1-500.html#m451 Minuscule 451] at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0451}}
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| [[Category:Greek New Testament minuscules]]
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| [[Category:11th-century biblical manuscripts]]
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| [[Category:Manuscripts of the Vatican Library]]
| |
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