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| | Alyson is the title people use to call me and I believe it sounds fairly great when you say it. What I adore doing is soccer but I don't have the time lately. Invoicing is my profession. For many years she's been residing in Kentucky but her spouse wants them to move.<br><br>my site ... tarot card readings; [http://www.010-5260-5333.com/index.php?document_srl=1880&mid=board_ALMP66 click the next website page], |
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| {{BLP sources|date=May 2010}}
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| '''Heinz-Jürgen Kluge''', known as '''Jürgen Kluge''' (born 25 April 1941), is a physicist probably best known for the development of [[Ion trap|ion-storage devices]] and methods for accurate measurements of [[Atomic nucleus|nuclear]] masses.
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| ==Career==
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| ===University of Mainz===
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| In the early eighties Jürgen Kluge at the [[University of Mainz]] considered mass measurements of trapped ions. [[Gernot Gräff]], who worked at the same institute, had developed a [[Time-of-flight mass spectrometry|time-of-flight]] technique for the determination of the [[electron]]–[[proton]] mass ratio from the respective cyclotron-resonance frequencies. During this period the determination of the fundamental properties of the electron was of the highest interest. This included the measurement of the [[Gyromagnetic ratio|g-factor]] of the free electron, again with a [[Penning trap]], for which [[Hans Dehmelt]] eventually won the [[Nobel Prize]] in physics in 1989. Jürgen decided to apply Gräff’s method to the determination of masses of unstable nuclei. A setup was designed and built at Mainz, which comprised two Penning traps in a row. Following the idea of separation of functions, one trap served as the source of well-prepared ions for the actual mass measurement at the second trap. The operation of the setup thus included the ion transfer from one trap to the other. The first successful ion transfer was reported in 1986.
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| ===CERN===
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| A proposal to the scientific committee at [[CERN]]/Geneva for starting such an experimental program at [[ISOLDE]], the on-line separator for short-lived nuclei at the synchrocyclotron of CERN, was accepted in 1985.
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| Interestingly, at the same time [[Gerald Gabrielse]] proposed using a [[Penning trap]] mass spectrometer at CERN for the investigation of [[antiproton]]s, which turned out to become another very important and successful endeavor with ion traps.
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| At that time Jürgen acted as ISOLDE group leader. In the following years the tandem Penning trap setup was transferred from Mainz to ISOLDE and came to be known as [[ISOLTRAP]]. It started the measurements of short-lived nuclides in the late eighties and has been at the forefront of the field since then. In its early phase [[ISOLTRAP]] used a stopping-reionization procedure in which the 60 keV ions, delivered from ISOLDE in a continuous beam, were implanted in a [[rhenium]] foil. This foil was then heated to release and surface-ionize the collected atoms. Thus, only surface-ionizable elements were accessible.
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| This major limitation was overcome by the introduction of a third ion trap designed to accumulate the ions directly without any implantation, to cool them with [[buffer gas]] and to release them as low-energy ion bunches. The first system of this kind was a large [[Paul trap]], developed in collaboration with [[Bob Moore]] at Montreal. Short-lived [[mercury (element)|mercury]] [[isotope]]s were the first nuclides of non-surface-ionizable elements studied with ISOLTRAP.
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| In the early years of ISOLTRAP the ring electrode of the trap was segmented into just two-halves. However, it was soon realized that the ring was to be split into four segments for an efficient [[quadrupole|quadrupolar]] excitation and conversion of the ion’s [[magnetron]] motion into the [[cyclotron]] motion. This conversion is the basis of the direct determination of the ion’s “true” [[cyclotron frequency]], <math>\omega_c = q e B / 2 \pi m</math>
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| (for charge <math>q</math>, mass <math>m</math> and magnetic field <math>B</math>), i.e. the (angular) cyclotron frequency in the absence of an additional electric field. Today all Penning trap mass spectrometers for radioactive isotopes employ this technique.
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| At the same time it was also realized, and experimentally confirmed, that the additional application of a buffer gas leads to cooling and mass selective centering of the ion motion. The method was studied in detail and the first Penning trap used in ISOLTRAP was reconstructed and optimized for efficient accumulation, cooling, and ion beam purification via isobar separation. Now implemented in many mass spectrometer systems for the study of exotic nuclei, this technique is also used in the first stage of a post-accelerator system at ISOLDE/CERN. The method was also rapidly adopted in [[analytical chemistry]]. Not only the methods were spreading out, but also the instruments: when the use of ion traps for the study of unstable isotopes and antiprotons was originally proposed, Prof. em. Ingmar Bergström, former director of the [[Manne Siegbahn Institute]] at Stockholm, was a member of the Scientific Policy Committee at [[CERN]]. He became very interested in the new technique and initiated his own trap project named [[SMILETRAP]]. The system was built and tested at Mainz and then transferred to Stockholm: The Stockholm-Mainz Ion LEvitation trap ([[SMILETRAP]]) has specialized in highly charged ions and thus achieves high resolving powers at the corresponding cyclotron frequencies. Thus, the ToF detection of ion cyclotron resonances joined other methods of highest accuracy as applied to stable species.
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| [[Guy Savard]], who learnt the ion-trap business during a postdoctoral stay at ISOLTRAP, later went on and built the [[Canadian Penning Trap Mass Spectrometer]] (CPT) now hosted at the [[Argonne National Laboratory]]. Similarly, Georg Bollen, who had been in charge of [[ISOLTRAP]] for more than a decade, has recently built up a new ion-trap system at the [[National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory]] at [[Michigan State University]].
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| LEBIT, the [[Low-Energy Beam and Ion Trap Facility]], is the first system of its kind allowing high-precision mass measurements to be performed on short-lived isotopes produced by fast-beam fragmentation and delivered at half the speed of light. Jürgen Kluge has always been open for any kind of collaboration. As coordinator of European networks he promoted the idea of trap-based nuclear-physics research. Further projects that took advantage of the know-how exchange are [[JYFLTRAP]] at Jyväskylä, [[WITCH]] at CERN, and [[TITAN]] at TRIUMF/Vancouver. Jürgen also included the theoretical aspects of the various nuclear and atomic physics research into the networks, bilateral collaborations, and close contacts.
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| ===Move to GSI at Darmstadt===
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| Not being content with [[ISOLTRAP]] and its on-going success, Jürgen himself started two new trap projects, [[SHIPTRAP]] and [[HITRAP]] after his change from the University of Mainz to GSI at Darmstadt ([[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung]]) as the atomic physics group leader. He also realized the great possibilities of storage-ring based mass spectrometry and supported the very successful efforts at GSI. As described, Jürgen is probably best known for the development of ion-storage devices and methods for accurate measurements of nuclear masses. However, in more general terms he has been a key player in pioneering the application of methods of atomic physics at accelerators. Starting with the work on his doctoral thesis at [[Heidelberg University|Heidelberg]].
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| ==CV of Heinz-Jürgen Kluge==
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| 25 April 1941 Born in [[Sorau]], Germany
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| 1960–1963 Study at the [[University of Bonn]]
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| 1963 Pre-diploma examination at the University of Bonn
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| 1963–1967 Study at the University of Heidelberg
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| 1967 Diploma examination at the University of Heidelberg
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| 1970 Dissertation at the University of Heidelberg on “[[Hyperfine structure]] of the lowest P-states of [[Alkaline earth metal|alkaline earths]]
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| isotopes” (Ph.D.)
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| 1970–1972 Research stay at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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| 1972 Assistant Professor for Experimental Physics at the University of Mainz
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| 1974–1975 Paid Scientific Associate at CERN
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| 1975 Habilitation for Experimental Physics at the University of Mainz
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| 1978 Professor for Experimental Physics at the University of Mainz
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| 1980–1981 Temporary replacement of Prof. G. zu Putlitz at the University of Heidelberg
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| 1983–1984 Chairman of the ISOLDE Collaboration at CERN
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| 1984–1987 Member of the PSCC-Committee at CERN (program advisory committee)
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| 1985–1987 Research Scientist Staff Member and Leader of the ISOLDE Group at CERN
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| since 1985 Associate Editor of “[[Hyperfine Interactions]]”
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| 1988 Fellowship of the [[Japan Society for Promotion of Science]]
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| 1989–1992 Member and Vice Chairman of the Program Advisory Committee of GSI, Darmstadt
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| 1990 [[Helmholtz-Prize]] for Physical Measuring Techniques in Medicine and Environmental Monitoring
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| 1990–1996 Officer of the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Physics]] (IUPAP), SUNAMCO (C2)
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| 1991–1994 Member of the Executive Committee of the [[German Physical Society]] (DPG)
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| 1991–1994 Member of the Executive Board of the [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Massenspektrometrie]]
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| (DGMS)
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| 1992 Call for a chair in physics at the University of Heidelberg and as a Leading Scientist at GSI
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| since 1994 Professor of Physics at the University of Heidelberg and Head of Atomic Physics Division/GSI
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| 1995–1998 Associate Member of the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC)
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| 1996–2003 Member of the Evaluation Committee “Hadrons and Nuclei” of the [[German Ministry for Research and Technology]]
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| 1999–2005 Member of the Editorial Board of the [[European Physical Journal]] D
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| 1999–2005 Research Director of GSI
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| 2000–2004 Member of the evaluation committee (Fachgutachter) for atomic physics proposals of the [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] (DFG, German
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| science foundation)
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| 2000–2004 Member of the ISOLDE Neutron Time of Flight Committee (INTC) at CERN
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| 2001–2004 Member of the Emmy-Noether Selection Board of the DFG (German science foundation)
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| 2002–2004 Member of the PALS User Selection Board (kJ laser at Prague)
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| since 2000 Member of the Committee of the PTB Braunschweig for the Helmholtz Prize
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| since 2000 Member of the Advisory Board for Danish CERN Physics
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| since 2004 Member of the International Program Committee of the LMJ/LIL Facility (Laser MegaJoule and Ligne
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| d'Intégration Laser) of CEA-CESTA Center, Bordeaux
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| since 2004 Member of the JYFL Program Advisory Committee (cyclotron at Jyväskylä, Finland)
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| 2005 Fellow of the American Physical Society
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| since 2005 Editor of Hyperfine Interactions
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| ==References==
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| *{{Cite journal| author = Hartwig Freiesleben| year = 2006| journal = Nuclear Physics News| volume = 16| issue = 4| pages = 36–37| publisher = | issn = 1050-6896| url = http://www.nupecc.org/npn/npn164.pdf| language = | accessdate = 2010-05-23}}
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{Authority control|VIAF=92598073}}
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| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| | NAME = Kluge, Heinz Jurgen
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| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = German physicist
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| | DATE OF BIRTH = 25 April 1941
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| | PLACE OF BIRTH =
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| | DATE OF DEATH =
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| | PLACE OF DEATH =
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| }}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Kluge, Heinz Jurgen}}
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| [[Category:1941 births]]
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| [[Category:Living people]]
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| [[Category:German physicists]]
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| [[Category:German academics]]
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| [[Category:University of Bonn alumni]]
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| [[Category:University of Mainz faculty]]
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Alyson is the title people use to call me and I believe it sounds fairly great when you say it. What I adore doing is soccer but I don't have the time lately. Invoicing is my profession. For many years she's been residing in Kentucky but her spouse wants them to move.
my site ... tarot card readings; click the next website page,