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| {{Infobox Writer
| | The writer's name is Christy Brookins. Alaska is the only place I've been residing in but now I'm contemplating other choices. As a lady what she truly likes is fashion and she's been performing it for quite a while. For many years she's been operating as a journey agent.<br><br>Feel free to surf to my homepage cheap psychic readings ([http://netwk.hannam.ac.kr/xe/data_2/85669 netwk.hannam.ac.kr]) |
| | name = Ralph René
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| | nationality = [[United States|American]]
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| | birth_date = {{birth date|1933|8|24|mf=yes}}
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| | death_date = {{death date and age|2008|12|10|1933|8|24|mf=yes}}
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| | education = Self-taught
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| | notableworks = ''The Last Skeptic of Science'' (aka ''MENSA Lectures'');<br>''NASA Mooned America!''
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| | website = http://ralphrene.com
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| '''Ralph René''' (August 24, 1933 – December 10, 2008) was an [[Americans|American]] [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorist]], [[small press]] [[publisher]] and [[inventor]]. René was a vocal proponent of the [[Moon landing conspiracy theories|Apollo Moon landing hoax]] theory. René's last [[Self-publishing|self-published]] work, a [[pamphlet]] he distributed called ''WTC Lies and Fairy Tales'', details his beliefs that the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. government]] was responsible for the [[September 11 attacks]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ralphrene.com/books.html#wtc |title=Ralph René: Books |last=René |first=Ralph |website=Ralph Renés' Website |publisher=Pioneer Abbey |location=Langley, British Columbia |accessdate=May 13, 2013}}</ref>
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| René appeared frequently in shows produced by [[History (TV channel)|The History Channel]], [[National Geographic Channel]], [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] television and [[Showtime (TV channel)|Showtime]]. In one such show, ''The Truth Behind the Moon Landings: Stranger Than Fiction'', [[journalist]] and former [[NASA]] employee [[James Oberg]] referred to René and other [[Moon]] landing hoax proponents as cultural vandals.<ref>{{IMDb title|id=0425571|title=The Truth Behind the Moon Landings: Stranger Than Fiction (2003) (TV)}}</ref> René reacted onscreen with amusement and stated that he liked the characterization. René was also featured in an episode of ''[[Penn & Teller: Bullshit!]]'' covering conspiracy theories.<ref>{{cite episode |title=Conspiracy Theories |series=[[Penn & Teller: Bullshit!]] |network=[[Showtime (TV channel)]] |city=New York |airdate=May 9, 2005 |season=3 |number=3}}</ref> René was introduced as a [[physicist]] on the 2001 Fox documentary, ''Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?'',<ref>{{IMDb title|id=0277642|title=Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon? (2001) (TV)}}</ref> and had the designation "Author/Scientist" under his picture. However, René admitted in his biography that he did not hold a degree from any university<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ralphrene.com/biography.html |title=Ralph René: Biography |last=René |first=Ralph |website=Ralph Renés' Website |publisher=Pioneer Abbey |location=Langley, British Columbia |accessdate=May 13, 2013}}</ref> and always referred to himself as "self-taught."
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| ==Apollo Moon landing==
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| {{Main|Moon landing conspiracy theories}}
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| His 1992 self-published book, ''NASA Mooned America!'', details why he felt that the [[Apollo program|Apollo Moon landings]] were faked and actually produced from a closed studio.
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| Some of his main arguments were that:
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| * [[Astronaut]]s could not have survived the radiation that they would have been exposed to while passing through the [[Van Allen radiation belt]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/1999/07/20820 |title=Man on Moon or Pie in Sky? |last=Dean |first=Katie |work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast Publications]] |location=New York |date=July 20, 1999 |accessdate=April 29, 2013}}</ref>
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| * That photos taken on the Moon do not show stars in the background.
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| * That video shows wind blowing the U.S. flag on the Moon although the Moon has no [[atmosphere]].
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| * That the letter "C" is visible on a rock in a photo which indicates it was a [[Hollywood]] [[sound stage]] [[Theatrical property|prop]].
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| * The gloves on the Apollo [[space suit]]s would have expanded in the [[vacuum]] of [[Outer space|space]] to the point where they would be immobile.
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| * Who put the camera on the ground in front of the lunar lander to show [[Neil Armstrong]] stepping down the ladder for the first step on the Moon?
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| * The shaded side of objects are not dark due to three point lighting in a studio.
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| ==Other beliefs==
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| In addition to contending that NASA never sent astronauts to the Moon, René also proposes:
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| *Einstein's [[theory of relativity]] is not valid.
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| *The Earth's [[Equatorial bulge]] is smaller than that predicted by [[Isaac Newton]].
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| *[[Newton's law of universal gravitation]] is erroneous.
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| *That the value of {{pi}} is an [[algebraic number]] that is equal to <math>\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}</math>, or approximately 3.146264.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ralphrene.com/circle_squared.html |title=Ralph René: Gaddy's Pi and the Circle Squared |last=René |first=Ralph |website=Ralph Renés' Website |publisher=Pioneer Abbey |location=Langley, British Columbia |accessdate=May 13, 2013}}</ref>
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| *[[Fluorescence]], not [[Rayleigh scattering]], causes the sky to be blue.
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| *[[Archimedes' principle]] requires revision.
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| *[[Coulomb's law]] requires revision after experimentally 'proving' plates with like polarity and charge will repel, however plates with like polarity and different charge can attract.
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| *The force that holds the [[Solar System]] together is [[electrostatics|electrostatic]].
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| René addressed most of these issues in his self-published book, ''The Last Skeptic of Science'' (1995). The original title of the book, ''MENSA Lectures'' (1990), resulted in a lawsuit against him by [[Mensa International|Mensa]] who felt he was misappropriating the name of their organization and using it to suggest they backed his beliefs.
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| ==Personal life==
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| René referred to himself as an "extra bright kid from the slums." After attending [[Rutgers University]] for a time, he dropped out and went to work as a [[Carpentry|carpenter]] and [[millwright]]. He then continued to pursue his personal interests in [[structural engineering|structural]] and [[mechanical engineering]], [[physics]], writing and inventing. René held two [[patent]]s for simple mechanical tools.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.google.com/patents/US4191333 |title=Patent US4191333 - Flame tip for soldering torch |website=[[Google Patents]] |publisher=[[Google|Google Inc.]] |location=Googleplex, Mountain View, CA |accessdate=May 13, 2013}} US patent issue date: March 4, 1980.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.google.com/patents/US3164353 |title=Patent US3164353 - VARIABLE PITCH ROOF BRACKET |website=[[Google Patents]] |publisher=[[Google|Google Inc.]] |location=Googleplex, Mountain View, CA |accessdate=May 13, 2013}} US patent issue date: January 5, 1965.</ref> He maintained a [[website]] that archived many of his past columns and essays on a wide variety of subjects.
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| ==Bibliography==
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| ===Books===
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| ====Non-fiction====
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| *{{cite book |last1=René |first1=Ralph |last2=(as René) |others=Illustrations by Subi |title=MENSA Lectures |year=1990 |publisher=René |location=Matlacha, FL |oclc=21209369}}
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| *{{cite book |last1=René |first1=Ralph |last2=(as René) |editor-last=Lucas |editor-first=Stu |others=Drawings by Chris Wolfer |title=NASA Mooned America! |year=1994 |publisher=René |location=Passaic, NJ |oclc=36317224 |author-mask=2}}
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| *{{cite book |last1=René |first1=Ralph |last2=(as René) |editor-last1=Lucas |editor-first1=Stu |editor-last2=Hughes |editor-first2=Ed |others=Final edit by Steve Krisocki (1995 edition); Illustrations by Subi |title=The Last Skeptic of Science: "The Book Mensa Tried To Stop" |edition=Revised |origyear=First published 1995 (formerly ''MENSA Lectures'' (1990)) |year=1998 |publisher=René |location=Passaic, NJ |oclc=37029845 |author-mask=2}}
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| ====Fiction====
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| *{{cite book |last1=René |first1=Ralph |title=A Case of the Jitters}}
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| *{{cite book |last1=René |first1=Ralph |title=A Case of the Missing Members |author-mask=2}}
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| *{{cite book |last1=René |first1=Ralph |title=Husa 1 |author-mask=2}}
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| *{{cite book |last1=René |first1=Ralph |title=Husa 2 |author-mask=2}}
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| ===Pamphlets===
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| *{{cite book |last1=René |first1=Ralph |last2=(as René) |title=ON SQUARING THE CIRCLE & The new {{math|big=1|{{pi}}}} it brings!: Exploring Dan W. Gaddy's Quadrature of the Circle |type=Pamphlet |year=2000 |publisher=René}}
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| *{{cite book |last1=René |first1=Ralph |title=WTC Lies and Fairy Tales |type=Pamphlet |year=2002 |publisher=René |author-mask=2}}
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| ==See also==
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| *''[[Astronauts Gone Wild]]''
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| *[[Bart Sibrel]]
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| *[[Bill Kaysing]]
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| *[[Marcus Allen (publisher)|Marcus Allen]]
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| *[[Squaring the circle]]
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| ==References==
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| <references />
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| ==External links==
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| *{{Official website|http://ralphrene.com}}
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| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
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| | NAME =Rene, Ralph
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| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = American writer
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| | DATE OF BIRTH =August 24, 1993
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| | PLACE OF BIRTH =
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| | DATE OF DEATH =December 10, 2008
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| | PLACE OF DEATH =
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| }}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Rene, Ralph}}
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| [[Category:1933 births]]
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| [[Category:2008 deaths]]
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| [[Category:American writers]]
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| [[Category:Moon landing conspiracy theories]]
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| [[Category:Conspiracy theorists]]
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The writer's name is Christy Brookins. Alaska is the only place I've been residing in but now I'm contemplating other choices. As a lady what she truly likes is fashion and she's been performing it for quite a while. For many years she's been operating as a journey agent.
Feel free to surf to my homepage cheap psychic readings (netwk.hannam.ac.kr)