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[[Image:Bivariate von Mises distribution cosine samples.svg|thumb|250px|Samples from the cosine variant of the bivariate von Mises distribution. The green points are sampled from a distribution with high concentration and high correlation (<math>\kappa_1=\kappa_2=200</math>, <math>\kappa_3=0</math>), the blue points are sampled from a distribution with high concentration and negative correlation (<math>\kappa_1=\kappa_2=200</math>, <math>\kappa_3=100</math>), and the red points are sampled from a distribution with low concentration and no correlation (<math>\kappa_1=\kappa_2=20, \kappa_3=0</math>).]]
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In [[probability theory]] and [[statistics]], the '''bivariate von Mises distribution''' is a [[probability distribution]] describing values on a [[torus]]. It may be thought of as an analogue on the torus of the [[Multivariate normal distribution|bivariate normal distribution]]. The distribution belongs to the field of [[directional statistics]]. The general bivariate von Mises distribution was first proposed by [[Kanti Mardia]] in 1975. One of its variants is today used in the field of [[bioinformatics]] to formulate a probabilistic model of [[protein structure]] in atomic detail.<ref name="WB08">{{doi-inline|10.1073/pnas.0801715105|Boomsma W, Mardia KV, Taylor CC, Ferkinghoff-Borg J, Krogh A, Hamelryck T (2008) A generative, probabilistic model of local protein structure. Proc Natl. Acad Sci USA 105(26): 8932&ndash;8937}}</ref><ref name="Shapovalov">{{cite journal |author=Shapovalov MV, Dunbrack, RL|title=A smoothed backbone-dependent rotamer library for proteins derived from adaptive kernel density estimates and regressions|journal=Structure (Cell Press)|volume=19|issue=6|pages=844–858|year=2011|doi=10.1016/j.str.2011.03.019 |pmid=21645855|pmc=3118414}}</ref>
 
==Definition==
The bivariate von Mises distribution is a [[probability distribution]] defined on the [[torus]], <math>S^1 \times S^1</math> in <math>\mathbb{R}^3</math>.  
The probability density function of the general bivariate von Mises distribution for the angles <math>\phi, \psi \in [0, 2\pi]</math> is given by<ref>Mardia KV (1975) Statistics of Directional Data (with Discussion). J Roy Statist Soc B 37:349&ndash;393.</ref>
 
:<math>
  f(\phi, \psi) \propto \exp [ \kappa_1 \cos(\phi - \mu) + \kappa_2 \cos(\psi - \nu) + (\cos(\phi-\mu), \sin(\phi-\mu)) \mathbf{A} (\cos(\psi - \nu), \sin(\psi - \nu))^T ],
</math>
 
where <math>\mu</math> and <math>\nu</math> are the means for <math>\phi</math> and <math>\psi</math>, <math>\kappa_1</math> and <math>\kappa_2</math> their concentration and the matrix <math>\mathbf{A} \in \mathbb{M}(2,2)</math> is related to their correlation.
 
Two commonly used variants of the bivariate von Mises distribution are the sine and cosine variant.
 
The cosine variant of the bivariate von Mises distribution<ref name="WB08" /> has the probability density function
 
:<math>
  f(\phi, \psi) = Z_c(\kappa_1, \kappa_2, \kappa_3) \ \exp [ \kappa_1 \cos(\phi - \mu) + \kappa_2 \cos(\psi - \nu) - \kappa_3 \cos(\phi - \mu - \psi + \nu) ],
</math>
 
where <math>\mu</math> and <math>\nu</math> are the means for <math>\phi</math> and <math>\psi</math>, <math>\kappa_1</math> and <math>\kappa_2</math> their concentration and <math>\kappa_3</math> is related to their correlation. <math>Z_c</math> is the normalization constant. This distribution with <math>\kappa_3</math>=0 has been used for kernel density estimates of the distribution of the protein dihedral angles <math>\phi</math> and <math>\psi</math>.<ref name="Shapovalov"/>
 
The sine variant has the probability density function<ref>{{doi-inline|10.1093/biomet/89.3.719|Singh H, Hnizdo V, Demchuk E (2002) Probabilistic model for two dependent circular variables. Biometrika 89: 719&ndash;723}}</ref>
 
:<math>
  f(\phi, \psi) = Z_s(\kappa_1, \kappa_2, \kappa_3) \ \exp [ \kappa_1 \cos(\phi - \mu) + \kappa_2 \cos(\psi - \nu) + \kappa_3 \sin(\phi - \mu) \sin(\psi - \nu) ], </math>
 
where the parameters have the same interpretation.
 
==See also==
* [[Von Mises distribution]], a similar distribution on the one-dimensional unit circle
* [[Kent distribution]], a related distribution on the two-dimensional unit sphere
* [[von Mises-Fisher distribution]]
* [[Directional statistics]]
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
{{ProbDistributions|directional}}
 
[[Category:Continuous distributions]]
[[Category:Directional statistics]]
[[Category:Multivariate continuous distributions]]
[[Category:Probability distributions]]

Latest revision as of 22:45, 16 September 2014

Sell My Timeshare - How To Market A Timeshare For Money Quickly

Selling a timeshare can be really simple or excruciatingly difficult relying on whom you question. I want to explain to you proper off the bat that you are likely to have to be prepared to do some research to make a prepare of action to get the tools you require to promote you timeshare swiftly with no paying out through the roof upfront charges. Do you feel its value it to keep away from shady providers that will get your cash and go away you with an unsold timeshare?

You can post a promoting my timeshare advert on a timeshare blog. This is a superb way to sell my timeshare. You have to make your real estate agency or broker give it to you in producing exactly what method they are going to adopt in purchase to aid you get out of timeshare. You can also sign up for different timeshare teams on the world wide web to Groupwise.

Stop Digging: Like my Dad always mentioned, if you uncover oneself in a hole, quit digging. Jot down all the expenses related with your timeshare and delete the types that are not fully necessary. For case in point, most men and women think the gw timeshare services trade organization (e.g, RCI or Interval Entire world) is a essential payment for ownership due to the fact you have been paying out it since you acquired the timeshare. Not real; it is unnecessary and optional. You can exchange your timeshare for free with some websites. If you can't make heads or tails of what fees are Groupwise obligatory, call your vacation resort and ask for support from owner companies. Okay, now that we have the expenses trimmed down, allow's go on.

The 1st factor that I would like to handle are up entrance fees. By no means pay up entrance fees in an hard work to offer your 7 days. There are a lot of diverse kinds of costs and they are usually termed: market place analysis, appraisal, advertising and marketing, advertising, and so on... The vast majority Groupwise agrees that these fees are a lot of times a squander of time and money. The charges do not make outcomes and will go away your head spinning when all is explained and carried out.

Make confident you request for a thorough examination of the hidden costs that may be charged by these timeshare sellers. At times, the commissions, trading fees and transfer costs are not extremely obvious.

I just lately needed to sell a timeshare that I had purchased a quantity of many years ago, so I referred to as a nearby genuine estate business to see if they managed timeshare resales. The agent that took my call educated me that she did not have any prior expertise in working with timeshares but would get back with me if their firm did.

Now, you should write the cancellation letter which is a accredited letter stating you need to have to terminate the agreement.This letter need to have your identify and address as nicely as the contract number and purchase date.. You require not mention any other reason due to the fact you are legally rightful when canceling in accordance to your contract conditions. If the deposit has been given, you can request a return.It could be less difficult if your firm had a form for this.

Another selection is to get in contact with your resort and suggest them of your intention to market your timeshare - this way they can enable folks who are ready for a home know of its impending availability.

And this is where you're likely to start feeling the consequences. If you're no for a longer time employing your timeshare, you're wed to a residence that is likely to begin costing you countless numbers upon 1000's of bucks. If you make the determination to try and get out of your timeshare contract, then you're going to have to uncover the proper remedy. Several timeshare owners have struggled to sell Groupwise their timeshare. They have their horror stories of timeshare resale internet sites that have taken their money and were nevertheless unable to market a timeshare. This stress, equally fiscal and emotional, can weigh on your well being.

The best choice that most individuals pick is to offer it to a timeshare firm. They make it genuinely effortless for you to sell your timeshare and will consider treatment of most of the procedures for you.

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