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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2013}}
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[[File:World-Population-1800-2100.svg|thumb|300px|World population estimates from 1800 to 2100, based on "high", "medium" and "low" [http://esa.un.org/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm United Nations projections in 2010] (colored red, orange and green) and [http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis.html US Census Bureau historical estimates] (in black). Actual recorded population figures are colored in blue. According to the highest estimate, the world population may rise to 16 [[thousand million|billion]] by 2100; according to the lowest estimate, it may decline to 6 billion.]]


The '''world population''' is the total number of living [[human]]s on [[Earth]]. As of today,<!--{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} (UTC)--> it is estimated to number {{Formatnum:{{#expr: {{worldpop}} / 10^9 round 3}}}}&nbsp;[[thousand million|billion]] by the [[United States Census Bureau]] (USCB).<ref name=USCBcite>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/population/popclockworld.html |title=U.S. Census Bureau – World POPClock Projection|date=July 2012–July 2013 data}} The number on this page is automatically updated daily.</ref>
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The USCB estimates that the world population exceeded 7 billion on March 12, 2012.<ref name=WorldOMeterSite>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ |title=World Population Clock – Worldometers |publisher=Worldometers.info |accessdate=April 12, 2012}}</ref>
According to a separate estimate by the [[United Nations Population Fund]], it reached this milestone on October 31, 2011.<ref name=UN7bn>
{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-15459643 |title=Population seven billion: UN sets out challenges|date=October 26, 2011|publisher=BBC|accessdate=October 27, 2011}}</ref><ref name=Guardian7/><ref name=UPI7bn/> The median age was 30.4 years in 2012 and is expected to rise to 37.9 years by 2050.<ref>http://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf</ref>
 
The world population has [[population growth|continuously grown]] since the end of the [[Great Famine of 1315–1317|Great Famine]] and the [[Black Death]] in 1350, when it was near 370&nbsp;million.<ref>Jean-Noël Biraben (1980), "An Essay Concerning Mankind's Evolution". ''Population'', Selected Papers. Vol. 4. pp. 1–13. Original paper in French: (b) Jean-Noël Biraben (1979)."Essai sur l'évolution du nombre des hommes". ''Population''. Vol. 34 (no. 1). pp. 13–25.
</ref> Fastest growth&nbsp;– global population increases above 1.8% per year&nbsp;–briefly occurred during the 1950s, and longer during the 1960s and 1970s. The growth rate peaked at 2.2% in 1963 and then declined to below 1.1% by 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kivu.com/?p=4229|title=Exponential Population Growth|publisher=Kivu|date=May 10, 2012|accessdate=July 22, 2013}}</ref> Total annual births were highest in the late 1980s at about 138&nbsp;million,<ref>[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/DB01_Period_Indicators/WPP2010_DB1_F04_BIRTHS_BOTH_SEXES.XLS World Population Prospects, 2010 revision (686 million births from 1985–1990)]. United Nations. Retrieved February 14, 2013. {{dead link|date=January 2014}}</ref> and are now expected to remain essentially constant at their 2011 level of 134&nbsp;million, while deaths number 56&nbsp;million per year, and are expected to increase to 80&nbsp;million per year by 2040.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/region.php?N=%20Region%20Results%20&T=7&A=aggregate&RT=0&Y=2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025,2026,2027,2028,2029,2030,2031,2032,2033,2034,2035,2036,2037,2038,2039,2040&R=1&C= |title=World Population estimates by the US Census Bureau|publisher=USCB|accessdate=May 22, 2012}}{{dead link|date=January 2014}}</ref>
 
The UN projects steadily declining population growth in the near future, with the global population expected to become between 8.3&nbsp;and 10.9&nbsp;billion by 2050.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm|title=
World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision – "Low variant" and "High variant" values|publisher=UN|year=2012|accessdate=June 15, 2013}}</ref><!---<ref name=WorldOMeterSite>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ |title=World Population Clock – Worldometers |publisher=Worldometers.info |accessdate=April 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpopinfo.php |title=International Data Base (IDB) – World Population |publisher=Census.gov |date=June 28, 2010 |accessdate=August 1, 2010}}</ref><ref name=UN/> ---><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45165|title= World population projected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050 – UN report|publisher=UN News Centre|date=June 14, 2013|accessdate=June 16, 2013}}</ref> [[United Nations Population Division|UN Population Division]] estimates for the year 2150 range between 3.2 and 24.8 billion;<ref name=LongRangeProjections2003KeyFindings>{{Cite book |year=2003 |chapter=Key Findings |title=Long-Range Population Projections |work=Proceedings of the United Nations Technical Working Group on Long-Range Population Projections |place=New York |publisher=United Nations: Department of Economic and Social Affairs |url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/longrange/longrangeKeyFind.pdf |accessdate=July 3, 2010|format=PDF}}</ref> mathematical modeling supports the lower estimate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130404072923.htm |title=A model predicts that the world's populations will stop growing in 2050 |publisher=ScienceDaily.com |date=April 4, 2013 |accessdate=June 3, 2013}}</ref> Some analysts have questioned the sustainability of further world population growth, highlighting the growing pressures on the environment, global food supplies, and energy resources.<ref>Peter P. Rogers, Kazi F. Jalal and John A. Boyd (2008). ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/An_Introduction_to_Sustainable_Developme.html?id=GZ4Pvk0LVQMC&redir_esc=y An Introduction To Sustainable Development]''. Earthscan. p.53.</ref><ref name=TIMEenvir/><ref name=Zehner>{{cite book|last=Zehner|first=Ozzie|title=Green Illusions|year=2012|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln and London|pages=187–331|url=http://greenillusions.org}}</ref>
 
{| class="infobox" style="float: right; font-size:90%"
! colspan=5 align="center" style="background-color: #cfb;" | '''World population''' (millions)<ref name=IEApop2011>[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion].
Population 1971–2008 ([http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf PDF], pp. 83–85). IEA ([[OECD]]/[[World Bank]]). Retrieved July 9, 2013.</ref>
|-
! style="background-color: #cfb;" | #
! style="background-color: #cfb;" | <small>Top ten most populous countries</small>
! style="background-color: #cfb;" | 1990
! style="background-color: #cfb;" | 2008
! style="background-color: #cfb;" | 2025*
|----
| align="right"| 1 || align="left" | [[Demographics of China|China]] || align="right" | 1,141 || align="right"| 1,333 || align="right" | 1,458
|-----
| align="right"| 2 || align="left" | [[Demographics of India|India]] || align="right" | 849 || align="right"| 1,140 || align="right" | 1,398
|----
| align="right"| 3 || align="left" | [[Demographics of the United States|United States]] || align="right" | 250 || align="right"| 304 || align="right" | 352
|----
| align="right"| 4 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Indonesia|Indonesia]] || align="right" | 178 || align="right"| 228 || align="right" | 273
|----
| align="right"| 5 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Brazil|Brazil]] || align="right" | 150 || align="right"| 192 || align="right" | 223
|----
| align="right"| 6 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Pakistan|Pakistan]] || align="right" | 108 || align="right"| 166 || align="right" | 226
|-----
| align="right"| 7 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] || align="right" | 116 || align="right"| 160 || align="right" | 198
|----
| align="right"| 8 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Nigeria|Nigeria]] || align="right" | 94 || align="right"| 151 || align="right" | 208
|-----
| align="right"| 9 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Russia|Russia]] || align="right" | 148 || align="right"| 142 || align="right" | 137
|----
| align="right"| 10 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Japan|Japan]] || align="right" | 124 || align="right"| 128 || align="right" | 126
|----
| align="right" style="background-color: #cfb;"| || align="left" style="background-color: #cfb;"| '''World total''' || align="right" style="background-color: #cfb;"| 5,265 || align="right" style="background-color: #cfb;"| 6,688 || align="right" style="background-color: #cfb;"| 8,004
|----
| align="right" style="background-color: #cfb;"| || align="left" style="background-color: #cfb;"| ''Top ten most populous (%)'' || align="right" style="background-color: #cfb;"| 60.0% || align="right" style="background-color: #cfb;"| 58.9% || align="right" style="background-color: #cfb;"| 57.5%
|----
| align="right"| 1 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Asia|Asia]] || align="right" | 1,613 || align="right"| 2,183 || align="right" | 2,693
|----
| align="right"| || align="left" | + [[Demographics of China|China]] || align="right" | 1,141 || align="right"| 1,333 || align="right" | 1,458
|-----
| align="right"| || align="left" | + OECD Pacific* || align="right" | 187 || align="right"| 202 || align="right" | 210
|-----
| align="right"| 2 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Africa|Africa]] || align="right" | 634 || align="right"| 984 || align="right" | 1,365
|----
| align="right"| 3 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Europe|Europe]]* || align="right" | 564 || align="right"| 603 || align="right" | 659
|----
| align="right"| || align="left" | + [[Demographics of Russia|Russia]] || align="right" |148 || align="right"| 142 || align="right" | 137
|----
| align="right"| || align="left" | + [[Demography of the Soviet Union|ex-Soviet Union]]* || align="right" |133 || align="right"| 136 || align="right" | 146
|----
| align="right"| 4 || align="left" | [[Demographics of Latin America|Latin America]] || align="right" | 355 || align="right"| 462 || align="right" | 550
|----
| align="right"| 5 || align="left" | [[Demographics of North America|North America]]* || align="right" | 359 || align="right"| 444 || align="right" |514
|-----
| align="right"| 6 || align="left" | [[Demographics of the Middle East|Middle East]] || align="right" | 132 || align="right"| 199 || align="right" | 272
|-----
| align="left" style="background-color: #cfb;" colspan=5 |
|-----
| align="left"| || align="left" | [[Demographics of Australia|Australia]] || align="right" | 17 || align="right"| 22 || align="right" | 28
|----
| align="right"| || align="left" | [[European Union|European Union – 27 states]] || align="right" | 473 || align="right"| 499|| align="right" | 539
|----
| align="left"| || align="left" |US + Canada || align="right" | 278 || align="right"| 338 || align="right" | 392
|----
| align="right"| || align="left" | [[Soviet Union|Ex-Soviet Union]] || align="right" | 289 || align="right"| 285 || align="right" | 289
|----
| colspan=5 align=left | <small>Geographical definitions as in IEA Key Stats 2010 p.&nbsp;66<br>Notes:
*Europe = OECD Europe + Non-OECD Europe and<br> excluding Russia and including Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
*ex-Soviet Union (SU) = SU excluding Russia and [[Baltic states]]
*North America = US, Canada, Mexico
*OECD Pacific = Australia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand
*2025 = with constant annual 2007/2008 growth until 2025</small>
|-----
|}
 
==Population by region==
Six of Earth's seven [[continents]] are permanently inhabited on a large scale. [[Asia]] is the most populous continent, with its 4.3 billion inhabitants accounting for 60.31% of the world population. The world's two most-populated countries alone, [[China]] and [[India]], together constitute about 37% of the world's population. [[Africa]] is the second-most-populated continent, with around 1 billion people, or 15% of the world's population. [[Europe]]'s 733 million people make up 12% of the world's population(as of 2012), while the Latin American and [[Caribbean]] regions are home to around 600 million (9%). [[Northern America]], primarily consisting of the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], has a population of around 352 million (5%), and [[Oceania]], the least-populated region, has about 35 million inhabitants (0.5%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Analytical-Figures/htm/fig_2.htm|title=World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Population Database |publisher=United Nations |date=April 15, 2011 |accessdate=April 21, 2012}}</ref> Though it is not permanently inhabited by any fixed population, [[Antarctica]] has a small, fluctuating international population, based mainly in polar [[Research stations in Antarctica|science stations]]. This population tends to rise in the summer months and decrease significantly in winter, as visiting researchers return to their home countries.<ref>[http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/science/stationlife.shtml "Life on an Antarctic Station"]. Antarctic Connection. Retrieved October 28, 2011.</ref>
 
===Population by continent===
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!Continent
!Density<br/>(inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>)
!Population<br/>(2013 estimates)
!Most populous country
!Most populous city
|-
|[[Asia]]
| style="text-align:right" | {{#expr:4298723000/44579000 round 1}}
| style="text-align:right" | 4,298,723,000
|{{Flagu|China}} (1,361,000,000)<ref>Excluding its Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]].</ref>
|{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Greater Tokyo Area|Tokyo]] (35,676,000)
|-
|[[Africa]]
| style="text-align:right" | {{#expr:1110635000/30221532 round 1}}
| style="text-align:right" | 1,110,635,000
|{{Flagu|Nigeria}} (173,120,000)
|{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]] (19,439,541)
|-
|[[Europe]]
| style="text-align:right" | {{#expr:742452000/10180000 round 1}}
| style="text-align:right" | 742,452,000
|{{Flagu|Russia}} (143,600,000; <br>approx. [[European Russia|110 million in Europe]])
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]] (14,837,510)
|-
|[[North America]]<ref>Including Central America and Caribbean</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | {{#expr: 565265000/(42549000-17840000) round 1}}
| style="text-align:right" | 565,265,000
|{{Flagu|United States}} (317,000,000)
|{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Greater Mexico City|Mexico City/Metro Area]] (8,851,080 / 21,163,226)
|-
|[[South America]]
| style="text-align:right" | {{#expr:406740000/17840000 round 1}}
| style="text-align:right" | 406,740,000
|{{Flagu|Brazil}} (201,032,714)
|{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]] (19,672,582)
|-
|[[Oceania]]
| style="text-align:right" | {{#expr:38304000/8525989 round 1}}
| style="text-align:right" | 38,304,000
|{{Flagu|Australia}} (23,258,000)
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Sydney]] (4,575,532)
|-
|[[Antarctica]]
| style="text-align:right" | 0.0003<br/>(varies)
| style="text-align:right" | 4,490<br/>(non-permanent, varies)<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html Antarctica]. CIA World Factbook. March 2011 data. Retrieved December 24, 2011.</ref>
|N/A<ref group="note">The [[Antarctic Treaty System]] limits the nature of national claims in Antarctica. Of the [[territorial claims in Antarctica]], the [[Ross Dependency]] has the largest population.</ref>
|[[McMurdo Station|McMurdo]] (1200) (non-permanent, varies)
|}
 
==History==
{{See also|World population estimates|History of the world}}
 
===Antiquity and Middle Ages===
{{main|Classical demography|Medieval demography}}
Until the development of agriculture around the [[11th millennium BC]], it is estimated that the world population stabilized at about three million people,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paleodiet.com/life-expectancy.htm|title=Life Expectancy in the Paleolithic|publisher=PaleoDiet.com|year=2010|accessdate=July 10, 2013}}</ref> who subsisted through [[hunter-gatherer|hunting and foraging]] – a lifestyle that by its nature ensured a low population density. The total world population probably never exceeded 15 million inhabitants before the invention of agriculture.<ref>Luc-Normand Tellier (2009). "''[http://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA26&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective]''". PUQ. p.26. ISBN 2-7605-1588-5</ref> By contrast, it is estimated that around 50–60 million people lived in the combined eastern and western [[Roman Empire]] in the 4th century AD.<ref>"[http://www.tulane.edu/~august/H303/handouts/Population.htm Population estimates of the Roman Empire]". Dr. Kenneth W. Harl. Tulane.edu. 1998. Retrieved December 8, 2012.</ref>
 
The [[Plague of Justinian|plague]] which first emerged during the reign of [[Justinian]] caused Europe's population to drop by around 50% between 541 and the 8th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/plague-article.html |title=Plague, Plague Information, Black Death Facts, News, Photos|work=National Geographic |accessdate=November 3, 2008}}</ref> The population of Europe was more than 70 million in 1340.<ref>"[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/195896/history-of-Europe/276190/Demographic-and-agricultural-growth#ref=ref994290 History of Europe – Demographic and agricultural growth]". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2012.</ref> The [[Black Death]] [[pandemic]] of the 14th century may have reduced the world's population from an estimated 450 million in 1340 to between 350 and 375 million in 1400;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis.html |title=Historical Estimates of World Population |publisher=Census.gov |accessdate=November 3, 2008}}</ref> it took roughly 200 years for Europe's population to regain its 1340 level.<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2050585,00.html A Distant Mirror]". ''TIME Europe''. July 17, 2000. Vol. 156 No. 3. Retrieved July 9, 2013.</ref> China experienced a population decline from an estimated 123 million around 1200 to an estimated 65 million in 1393,<ref>Horst R. Thieme (2003). "''[http://books.google.com/books?id=cHcjnkrMweYC&pg=PA285&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false Mathematics in population biology]''". Princeton University Press. p.285. ISBN 0-691-09291-5.</ref> which was presumably due to a combination of [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] invasions and plague.<ref>Graziella Caselli, Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin (2005). "''[http://books.google.com/books?id=nmgNXoiAiU4C&pg=RA2-PA34&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population]''". Academic Press. p.34. ISBN 0-12-765660-X.</ref>
 
At the founding of the [[Ming Dynasty]] in 1368, China's population was reported to be close to 60 million; toward the end of the dynasty in 1644, it may have approached 150 million.<ref>"[http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/china_1750_demographic.htm Qing China's Internal Crisis: Land Shortage, Famine, Rural Poverty]". 2009. [[Columbia University]]: Asia for Educators. Retrieved July 9, 2013.</ref> England's population reached an estimated 5.6 million in 1650, up from an estimated 2.6 million in 1500.<ref>"[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/195896/history-of-Europe/58335/Demographics#ref=ref310375 History of Europe – Demographics]". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved July 9, 2013.</ref> New crops that were brought to Asia and Europe from the Americas by Spanish colonists in the 16th century are believed to have contributed to population growth.<ref>"[http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/china/geog/population.htm China's Population: Readings and Maps]". Columbia University: East Asian Curriculum Project. Retrieved December 18, 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-twoworlds/1866 "The Columbian Exchange"]. [[University of North Carolina]]. Retrieved December 18, 2012.</ref> Since their introduction by Portuguese traders in the 16th century,<ref>[http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/suprtubr.htm "Super-Sized Cassava Plants May Help Fight Hunger In Africa"]. Ohio State University. May 24, 2006. Retrieved July 9, 2013.</ref> maize and [[cassava]] have replaced traditional African crops as that continent’s most important staple food crops.<ref>''[http://books.google.com/books?id=zOm0iqkRsYEC&pg=PA242&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false Albert Schweitzer: a biography]''. James Brabazon (2000). [[Syracuse University Press]]. p.242. ISBN 0-8156-0675-3.</ref>
 
Pran Nath, in his book, the study of Economic conditions of Ancient India, estimated that, around 300 B.C., the population of Ancient India was between 100 million and 140 million. Kingsley Davis is also inclined to agree with this figure.<ref>S. Chandrasekhar (2013), Infant Mortality, Population Growth and Family Planning in India: An Essay on Population Problems and International Tensions, Routledge, ISBN 1136883061, pp. 247</ref> Estimates made by W. H. Moreland, noted historian, reveal that, in 1600 A.D., the population of India was around 100 million. Hence from 300 B.C., to 1600 A.D. India's population was more or less stationary.<ref>Maheshwari, Shriram (1996), The Census Administration Under the Raj and After, Concept Publishing Company ISBN 817022585X pp. 14</ref>
 
The total population of the Americas in 1500 may have been between 50 and 100 million.<ref>J. N. Hays (1998). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=iMHmn9c38QgC&pg=PA72&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false The burdens of disease: epidemics and human response in western history]''. p 72. ISBN 0-8135-2528-4.</ref> The [[Pre-Columbian era|pre-Columbian]] North American population probably numbered somewhere between 2 million and 18 million.<ref>"[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/268/5217/1601 Microchronology and Demographic Evidence Relating to the Size of Pre-Columbian North American Indian Populations]". ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]''. June 16, 1995. Retrieved July 9, 2013.</ref> Encounters between European explorers and populations in the rest of the world often introduced local [[List of epidemics|epidemics]] of extraordinary virulence.<ref>Arthur C. Aufderheide, Conrado Rodríguez-Martín, Odin Langsjoen (1998). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qubTdDk1H3IC&pg=PA205&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology]''. [[Cambridge University Press]]. p.205. ISBN 0-521-55203-6.</ref> Archaeological evidence indicates that the death of around 90% of the [[Population history of American indigenous peoples|Native American population]] of the [[New World]] was caused by [[Old World]] diseases such as [[smallpox]], [[measles]] and [[influenza]].<ref>"[http://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpox.html The Story Of... Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs]". Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). 2005. Retrieved April 24, 2013.</ref> Over the centuries, the Europeans had developed high degrees of immunity to these diseases, while the indigenous peoples had no such immunity.<ref>{{Cite book
  | last = Austin Alchon
  | first = Suzanne
  | title = A pest in the land: new world epidemics in a global perspective
  | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=YiHHnV08ebkC&pg=PA31&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false
  | publisher = University of New Mexico Press
  | year = 2003
  | page = 31
  | isbn = 0-8263-2871-7}}
</ref>
 
===Modern era===
[[File:2006megacities.svg|thumb|300px|right|Map showing urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2006. Only 3% of the world's population lived in cities in 1800; this proportion had risen to 47% by 2000, and reached 50.5% by 2010.<ref>[http://www.indexmundi.com/world/demographics_profile.html World Demographics Profile 2012]. Index Mundi. Retrieved May 22, 2012.</ref> By 2050, the proportion may reach 70%.<ref>[http://www.fastcodesign.com/1669244/by-2050-70-of-the-worlds-population-will-be-urban-is-that-a-good-thing "By 2050, 70% of the world's population will be urban. Is that a good thing?"] Fast Co. Design. 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2012.</ref>]]
During the European [[British Agricultural Revolution|Agricultural]] and [[Industrial Revolution]]s, the [[life expectancy]] of children increased dramatically.<ref>[http://home.vicnet.net.au/~ozideas/poprus.htm "Population crises and cycles in history"]. A review of ''Population Crises and Population Cycles'' by Claire Russell and W.M.S. Russell.</ref> The percentage of the children born in London who [[infant mortality|died before the age of five]] decreased from 74.5% in 1730–1749 to 31.8% in 1810–1829.<ref name=Buer>{{cite book |first=Mabel C. |last=Buer |title=Health, Wealth and Population in the Early Days of the Industrial Revolution |location=London |publisher=George Routledge & Sons |year=1926 |page=30 |isbn=0-415-38218-1}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/foundling_01.shtml "The Foundling Hospital"]. BBC History. Updated October 5, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2013.</ref> Between 1700 and 1900, Europe’s population increased from about 100 million to over 400 million.<ref>"[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387301/modernization/12022/Population-change Modernization – Population Change]". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved February 6, 2013.</ref> Altogether, the areas of European settlement comprised 36% of the world's population in 1900.<ref>Graziella Caselli, Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin (2005). "''[http://books.google.com/books?id=nmgNXoiAiU4C&pg=RA2-PA42&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population]''". Academic Press. p.42. ISBN 0-12-765660-X.</ref>
 
Population growth in the West became more rapid after the introduction of compulsory [[vaccination]] and improvements in medicine and [[sanitation]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/victorian_medicine_01.shtml History – Victorian Medicine – From Fluke to Theory]. BBC. February 1, 2002. Retrieved February 17, 2013.</ref> As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, the United Kingdom's population doubled every fifty years.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/a-portrait-of-britain-in-2031-395231.html "A portrait of Britain in 2031"]. ''The Independent''. October 24, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2013.</ref> By 1801, the [[population of England]] had grown to 8.3 million, and by 1901 it had reached 30.5 million; the population of the United Kingdom reached 60 million in 2006.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5281360.stm "UK population breaks through 60m"]. BBC. August 24, 2006. Retrieved April 14, 2012.</ref> The United States saw its population grow from around 5.3 million in 1800 to 106 million in 1920, exceeding 307 million in 2010.<ref>[http://geography.about.com/od/obtainpopulationdata/a/uspop.htm "US population through history"]. About.com. Retrieved April 14, 2012.</ref>
 
The first half of the 20th century in [[Russian Empire|Russia]] and the [[Soviet Union]] was marked by a succession of wars, famines and other disasters, each accompanied by large-scale population losses.<ref>Mark Harrison (2002). "''[http://books.google.com/books?id=yJcD7_Q_rQ8C&pg=PA167&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false Accounting for War: Soviet Production, Employment, and the Defence Burden, 1940–1945]''". Cambridge University Press. p.167. ISBN 0-521-89424-7</ref> Stephen J. Lee estimates that, by the end of [[World War II]] in 1945, the Russian population was about 90 million fewer than it could have been otherwise.<ref>Stephen J. Lee (2000). "''[http://books.google.com/books?id=KnvJO9yfvEAC&pg=PA86&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false European dictatorships, 1918–1945]''". Routledge. p.86. ISBN 0-415-23046-2.</ref> In recent decades, Russia's population has declined significantly – from 148 million in 1991 to 143 million in 2012<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9078672/Vladimir-Putin-vows-to-reverse-Russian-population-decline.html "Vladimir Putin vows to reverse Russian population decline"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. February 13, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2012.</ref> – but as of 2013 this decline appears to have halted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/russia-demography-health-birthrate-deaths/24998304.html|title=Russia’s Population Decline Said To Have 'Stopped'|publisher=Radio Free Europe|date=May 27, 2013|accessdate=June 15, 2013}}</ref>
 
Many countries in the [[developing world]] have experienced rapid population growth over the past century. China's population rose from approximately 430 million in 1850 to 580 million in 1953,<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/652987?uid=3738032&uid=2460337935&uid=2460338175&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=83&uid=63&sid=56034385973 "China's demographic evolution 1850–1953 reconsidered"]. ''The China Quarterly'' via JSTOR. 1978. Retrieved April 13, 2012.</ref> and now stands at over 1.3 billion. The population of the [[Indian subcontinent]], which stood at about 125 million in 1750, reached 389 million in 1941;<ref>[http://www.petersoninstitute.org/publications/chapters_preview/98/1iie2806.pdf "Reintegrating India with the World Economy" (PDF)]. Peterson Institute for International Economics. 2003. Retrieved November 8, 2012.</ref> today, India and its surrounding countries are home to about 1.6 billion people.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html India]. CIA World Factbook. July 2012 estimate. Retrieved October 21, 2012.</ref> The population of [[Java]] increased from about five million in 1815 to more than 130 million in the early 21st century.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/301673/Java Java (island, Indonesia)]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved July 7, 2013.</ref> Mexico's population grew from 13.6 million in 1900 to about 112 million in 2010.<ref>Jorge Durand. "[http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=203 From Traitors to Heroes: 100 Years of Mexican Migration Policies]". [[University of Guadalajara]]. March 2004. Retrieved July 16, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/ipums-global/mexico_ipums_dublin_workshop.pdf|title=Population and Housing Census: Mexico 2010|format=PDF|publisher=[[University of Minnesota]]|date=March 3, 2011|accessdate=July 16, 2013}}</ref> Between the 1920s and 2000s, Kenya's population grew from 2.9 million to 37 million.<ref>[[Gunnar Heinsohn]]. "[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/opinion/17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html Kenya's Violence: Exploding population]". ''The New York Times''. January 7, 2008. Retrieved July 7, 2013.</ref>
 
===Milestones by the billions===
{{main|World population milestones}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 95px; text-align:center; float:right; margin-left:8px; margin-right:0;"
|+World population milestones (USCB estimates)<ref name=USCBcite/>
|-
! Population<br /><small>(in billions)</small>
! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 3 !! colspan=2 | 4 !! colspan=2 | 5 !! colspan=2 | 6 !! colspan=2 | 7 !! colspan=2 | 8 !! colspan=2 | 9
|-
! Year
| colspan=2 | 1804 || colspan=2 | 1927 || colspan=2 | 1960 || colspan=2 | 1974 || colspan=2 | 1987 || colspan=2 | 1999 || colspan=2 | 2012 || colspan=2 | ''2027'' || colspan=2 | ''2046''
|-
! Years elapsed between milestones
| colspan=2 | – || colspan=2 | 123 || colspan=2 | 33 || colspan=2 | 14 || colspan=2 | 13 || colspan=2 | 12 || colspan=2 | 13 || colspan=2 | ''16'' || colspan=2 | ''19''
|}
 
It is estimated that the world population reached one billion for the first time in 1804. It was another 123 years before it reached two billion in 1927, but it took only 33 years to reach three billion in 1960.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf|title=The World at Six Billion: Introduction|format=PDF|publisher=United Nations|year=1999|accessdate=July 14, 2013}}</ref> Thereafter, the global population reached four billion in 1974, five billion in 1987, six billion in 1999 and, according to the United States Census Bureau, seven billion in March 2012.<ref name=USCBcite/> The United Nations, however, estimated that the world population reached seven billion in October 2011.<ref name=UN7bn/><ref name=Guardian7>
{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/31/seven-billionth-baby-born-philippines?intcmp=122 |title=World's 'seven billionth baby' is born|date=October 31, 2011|work=The Guardian|accessdate=October 31, 2011}}</ref><ref name=UPI7bn>[http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2011/10/31/7-billion-people-is-a-serious-challenge/UPI-73301320046200/ "7 billion people is a 'serious challenge'"]. UPI. October 31, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2011.</ref>
 
According to current projections, the global population will reach eight billion by 2030, and will likely reach around nine billion by 2050. Alternative scenarios for 2050 range from a low of 7.4 billion to a high of more than 10.6 billion.<!--Please don't cull these references. Readers need to see the resources for themselves, to see such things as prediction variation, stability, and source. If you are of a mind to do something, just elaborate on the text and spread the references out. It's what I'd do if I had the time, but this exercise has used up as much time as I can spare--><ref name=WorldPopProspects>
*{{Cite book |chapter=Ch. 5: Population Size and Composition|title=World Population Prospects, the 2000 Revision |volume=Vol.III |publisher=United Nations Population Division |page=171 |url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2000/chapter5.pdf |format=PDF|accessdate=July 3, 2010}}
*{{Cite book |year=2002 |chapter=Executive Summary |title=World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision Volume III: Analytical Report |url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2002/English.pdf|format=PDF |accessdate=July 3, 2010}}
*{{Cite journal |year=2004 |pages=3, 14 |title=World Population to 2300 |place=New York |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs: Population Division |url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/longrange2/WorldPop2300final.pdf|format=PDF |accessdate=July 3, 2010}}
*{{Cite journal |date=June 2010 |title=World Population: 1950–2050 |place= |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpopgraph.php |accessdate=July 3, 2010}}
*{{Cite journal |year=2009 |title=2009 World Population Data Sheet |place=Washington, DC |publisher=[[Population Reference Bureau]] |url=http://www.prb.org/pdf09/09wpds_eng.pdf|format=PDF |accessdate=July 3, 2010}}</ref> Projected figures vary depending on underlying statistical assumptions and the variables used in projection calculations, especially the [[fertility rate|fertility variable]]. Long-range predictions to 2150 range from a population decline to 3.2 billion in the "low scenario", to "high scenarios" of 24.8 billion.<ref name=WorldPopProspects/> One extreme scenario predicted a massive increase to 256 billion by 2150, assuming the global fertility rate remained at its 1995 level of 3.04 children per woman; however, by 2010 the global fertility rate had declined to 2.52.<ref name=LongRangeProjections2003KeyFindings/><ref name=Fertility2010>{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/DB01_Period_Indicators/WPP2010_DB1_F01_TOTAL_FERTILITY.XLS|title=Total fertility estimates, 1950–2010|publisher=UN Population Division|date=April 2011|accessdate=June 14, 2012}}</ref>
 
There is no estimation for the exact day or month the world's population surpassed one or two billion. The days of three and four billion were not officially noted, but the International Database of the United States Census Bureau places them in July 1959 and April 1974. The United Nations did determine, and celebrate, the "Day of 5 Billion" on July 11, 1987, and the "Day of 6 Billion" on October 12, 1999. The "[[Day of 7 Billion]]" was declared by the Population Division of the United Nations to be October 31, 2011.<ref>[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Other-Information/faq.htm "World Population Prospects, the 2008 Revision – Frequently Asked Questions"]. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. Updated November 10, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.</ref>
 
==Global demographics==
{{main|Demographics of the world}}
[[Image:World population distribution.svg|thumb|right|270px|Chart showing geographic distribution of the world population in 2005.]]
As of 2012, the global [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]] is approximately 1.01 males to 1 female&nbsp;– the greater number of men is possibly due to the [[Human sex ratio#Gender imbalance|significant gender imbalances]] evident in the Indian and Chinese populations.<ref name=IndexWorldDemogr.>{{cite web|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/world/demographics_profile.html|title=World Demographics Profile 2011|publisher=Index Mundi|accessdate=November 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unfpa.org/gender/docs/studies/summaries/reg_exe_summary.pdf|title=Sex-ratio imbalance in Asia: Trends, consequences and policy responses|publisher=UNFPA|year=2007|accessdate=May 20, 2012|format=PDF}}</ref> Approximately 26.3% of the global population is aged under 15, while 65.9% is aged 15–64 and 7.9% is aged 65 or over.<ref name=IndexWorldDemogr./>
 
The global average [[life expectancy]] is 67.07 years,<ref name=IndexWorldDemogr./> with women living an average of 69 years and men approximately 65 years.<ref name=IndexWorldDemogr./> In 2010, the global [[fertility rate]] was estimated at 2.52 children per woman.<ref name=Fertility2010/> In June 2012, British researchers calculated the total weight of Earth's human population as 287 million tonnes, with the average person weighing {{convert|62|kg|lb}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-18462985|title=Global weight gain more damaging than rising numbers|publisher=BBC|date=June 18, 2012|accessdate=February 12, 2013}}</ref>
 
The nominal 2012 [[gross world product]] was estimated at US$71.83 trillion by the [[CIA]], giving an annual global per capita figure of around US$10,000.<ref name=2011CIA>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html|title=World|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2013|accessdate=July 6, 2013}}</ref> Around 1.29 billion people (18.4% of the world population) live in [[extreme poverty]], subsisting on less than US$1.25 per day;<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/susan-davis/the-worlds-ultrapoor-reach_b_1400233.html "What It Will Take to 'Graduate' 1.2 Billion People Out of Extreme Poverty"]. ''[[Huffington Post]]''. April 4, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2012.</ref> approximately 925 million people (13.2%) are [[malnourished]].<ref>[http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm 2012 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics]. WorldHunger.org. 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2012.</ref> 83% of the world's over-15s are considered [[literacy rate|literate]].<ref name=IndexWorldDemogr./> In June 2012, there were around 2.4 billion global Internet users, constituting 34.2% of the world population.<ref>[http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm Internet World Stats]. June 2012 data. Retrieved July 6, 2013.</ref>
 
The [[Han Chinese]] are the world's largest single ethnic group, constituting over 19% of the global population in 2011.<ref>[http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/03/04/worlds-most-typical-person-han-chinese-man/ "World’s Most Typical Person: Han Chinese Man"]. ''Wall Street Journal''. March 4, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2011.</ref> The world's most-spoken [[first language]]s are [[Mandarin Chinese]] (spoken by 12.44% of the world's population), Spanish (4.85%), English (4.83%), [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (3.25%) and [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] (2.68%).<ref name=IndexWorldDemogr./> The world's largest religion is [[Christianity]], whose adherents account for 33.35% of the global population; [[Islam]] is the second-largest religion, accounting for 22.43%, and [[Hinduism]] the third, accounting for 13.78%.<ref name=IndexWorldDemogr./> In 2005, around 16% of the global population were reported to be [[Irreligion|non-religious]].<ref>[http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html Religions by adherents]. Adherents.com. 2005 data. Retrieved December 19, 2011.</ref>
 
==Largest populations by country==
{{Further|List of countries by population}}
[[File:World population.svg|thumb|290px|right|A map of the world's countries by total population, with darker shading indicating larger populations.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|+ 10 most populous countries
|-
!width="50"| Rank || Country / Territory || Population || Date || % of world<br>population || Source
|-
|1 || align=left|{{Flag|China}}<ref group="note">Figure refers to [[Mainland China]] only. It excludes Taiwan and the [[Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China|special administrative regions]] of Hong Kong and [[Macau]].</ref> || {{data China|poptoday 1}} || style="font-size: 75%"|<ref>[http://www.cpdrc.org.cn/index.asp Chinese Official Population Clock (in Chinese)]. CPDRC.org.cn. Updated daily. Retrieved May 22, 2012.</ref>
|-
|2 || align=left|{{Flag|India}} || {{data India|poptoday 1}} || style="font-size: 75%"|<ref>[http://www.indiastat.com Indian population clock]</ref>
|-
|3 || align=left|{{Flag|United States}} || {{data United States|poptoday 1}} || style="font-size: 75%"|<ref>[http://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html United States Official Population Clock]. USCB. Updated daily. Retrieved May 22, 2012.</ref>
|-
|4 || align=left|{{Flag|Indonesia}}|| 247,008,052 || November 22, 2013 || {{#expr: 237641000 / {{worldpop}} * 100 round 2}}% || style="font-size: 75%"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1322963|title=2010 Population Census (PowerPoint)|publisher=OchaOnline.un.org|date=February 28, 2012|accessdate=November 13, 2012}}</ref>
|-
|5 || align=left|{{Flag|Brazil}} || 201,032,714 || July 1, 2013 || {{#expr: 201032714 / {{worldpop}} * 100 round 2}}% || style="font-size: 75%"|<ref>[http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2013/estimativa_dou.shtm Official estimate]</ref>
|-
|6 || align=left|{{Flag|Pakistan}} || {{data Pakistan|poptoday 1}} || style="font-size: 75%"|<ref>[http://www.census.gov.pk/ Official Pakistani Population Clock]. Population Census Organization of Pakistan. Retrieved November 15, 2012.</ref>
|-
|7 || align=left|{{Flag|Nigeria}} || 173,615,000 || July 1, 2013 || {{#expr: 173615000 / {{worldpop}} * 100 round 2}}% || style="font-size: 75%"|<ref>UN estimate based on 2012 publication</ref>
|-
|8 || align=left|{{Flag|Bangladesh}} || 149,772,364 || March 2011 || {{#expr: 162518015 / {{worldpop}} * 100 round 2}}% || style="font-size: 75%"|<ref>[http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/Census2011/Bangladesh_glance.pdf Official estimate]</ref>
|-
|9 || align=left|{{Flag|Russia}} ||143,600,000|| October 1, 2013 || {{#expr: 143500000 / {{worldpop}} * 100 round 2}}% || style="font-size: 75%"|<ref>[http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk09/8-0.htm Official estimate]</ref>
<!-- BEFORE EDITING RUSSIA'S POPULATION PLEASE SEE: Talk:List_of_countries_by_population#Russia_2 -->
|-
|10 || align=left|{{Flag|Japan}} || 127,300,000 || October 1, 2013 || {{#expr: 127300000 / {{worldpop}} * 100 round 2}}% || style="font-size: 75%"|<ref>[http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.htm Official Japan Statistics Bureau]</ref>
|}
Approximately 4.144 billion people live in these ten countries, representing around {{#expr: 4144000000/ {{worldpop}} * 100 round 2}}% of the world's population as of October 2013.
 
===Most densely populated countries===
{{Further|List of countries and dependencies by population density}}
The tables below list the world's most densely populated countries, both in absolute terms and in comparison to their total populations.
 
[[File:World population density 1994.png|thumb|right|260px|Population density (people per km<sup>2</sup>) map of the world in 1994. Red and pink areas denote regions of highest population density.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ 10 most densely populated countries <small>(with population above 1 million)</small>
|-
! Rank !! Country/Region !! Population !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) !! Density <br>(Pop. per km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
| 1 || {{Flag|Singapore}} || 5,399,200 || 710 ||align=center| {{#expr: 5399200 / 710 round 0}}
|-
| 2 || {{Flag|Bahrain}} || 1,234,571 || 750 ||align=center| {{#expr: 1234571 / 750 round 0}}
|-
| 3 || {{Flag|Bangladesh}} || 149,772,364 || 147,570 ||align=center| {{#expr: 162518015 / 147570 round 0}}
|-
| 4 || {{Flag|Taiwan}} || 23,361,147 || 36,190 ||align=center| {{#expr: 23356588 / 36190 round 0}}
|-
| 5 || {{Flag|Mauritius}} || 1,257,900 || 2,040 ||align=center| {{#expr: 1257900 / 2040 round 0}}
|-
| 6 || {{Flag|South Korea}} || 50,219,669 || 99,538 ||align=center| {{#expr: 50219669 / 99538 round 0}}
|-
| 7 || {{Flag|Lebanon}} || 4,822,000 || 10,452 ||align=center| {{#expr: 4822000 / 10452 round 0}}
|-
| 8 || {{Flag|Netherlands}} || 16,848,208<ref>[http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/bevolking/cijfers/extra/bevolkingsteller.htm Official population clock] Retrieved Nov 15, 2013 12:00</ref> || 41,526 ||align=center| {{#expr: 16840792 / 41526 round 0}}
|-
| 9 || {{Flag|Rwanda}} || 10,537,222 ||26,338 ||align=center| {{#expr: 10537222 / 26338 round 0}}
|-
| 10 || {{Flag|Haiti}} || 10,413,211 || 27,065 ||align=center| {{#expr: 10413211 / 27065 round 0}}
|}
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Countries ranking highly in terms of both total population <small>(more than 15 million people)</small> and population density <small>(more than 250 people per square kilometer)</small>:
|-
! Country !! Population !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) !! Density <br>(Pop. per km<sup>2</sup>) !!Notes
|-
| {{Flag|India}} || {{data India|popareadens|4|2}} || Growing country
|-
| {{Flag|Bangladesh}} || 149,772,364 || 147,570 || {{#expr: 162518015 / 147570 round 0}} || Growing country
|-
| {{Flag|Japan}} || 127,300,000 || 377,873 || {{#expr: 127300000 / 377873 round 0}} || Declining in population<ref name=BigDecline/>
|-
| {{Flag|Philippines}} || 98,698,000 || 300,076 || {{#expr: 98629000 / 300076 round 0}} || Growing country
|-
| {{Flag|Vietnam}} || 90,388,000 || 331,689 || {{#expr: 88780000 / 331689 round 0}} || Growing country
|-
| {{Flag|United Kingdom}} || 63,705,000 || 243,610 || {{#expr: 63705000 / 243610 round 0}} || Growing country
|-
| {{Flag|South Korea}} || 50,219,669 || 99,538 || {{#expr: 50219669 / 99538 round 0}} || Slowly growing country<ref>[http://kosis.kr/eng/database/database_001000.jsp?listid=A&subtitle=Population/Household Official Estimates]</ref>
|-
| {{Flag|Taiwan}} || 23,361,147 || 36,190 || {{#expr: 23356588 / 36190 round 0}} || Declining in population<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1945937,00.html "Why Has Taiwan's Birthrate Dropped So Low?"] ''TIME''. December 7, 2009. Retrieved December 17, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/Taiwan-Birth-Rate-Falls-to-Worlds-Lowest-Challenging-Productivity-127933153.html "Taiwan Birth Rate Falls to World’s Lowest"]. Voice of America. August 17, 2011. Retrieved December 17, 2011.</ref>
|-
| {{Flag|Sri Lanka}} || 20,277,597 || 65,610 || {{#expr: 20277597 / 65610 round 0}} || Growing country
|-
| {{Flag|Netherlands}} || 16,848,208 || 41,526 || {{#expr: 16840792 / 41526 round 0}} || Steady in population<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2013/02/fewer_people_move_to_the_nethe.php|title=Fewer people move to Holland as the population growth slows|publisher=DutchNews.nl|date=February 7, 2013|accessdate=July 23, 2013}}</ref>
|}
 
==Fluctuation==
{{Main|Population growth}}
[[File:World population (UN).svg|thumb|right|300px|right|Estimates of population evolution in different [[continent]]s between 1950 and 2050, according to the United Nations. The vertical axis is [[Logarithmic scale|logarithmic]] and is in millions of people.]]
Population size fluctuates at differing rates in differing regions. Nonetheless, population growth is the long-standing trend on all inhabited continents, as well as in most individual states. According to the United Nations, population growth on Earth's inhabited continents between 2000 to 2005 totalled:
 
*227,771,000 in Asia;
*92,293,000 in Africa;
*38,052,000 in Latin America;
*16,241,000 in Northern America;
*3,264,000 in Europe;
*1,955,000 in Oceania;
*383,047,000 overall.
 
During the 20th century, the global population saw its greatest increase in known history, rising from about 1.6 billion in 1900 to over 6 billion in 2000. This increase was due to a number of factors, including the lessening of the [[mortality rate]] in many countries by improved sanitation and [[History of medicine#Modern medicine|medical advances]], and a massive increase in agricultural productivity attributed to the [[Green Revolution]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6496585.stm |title=The limits of a Green Revolution? |publisher=BBC |date=March 29, 2007 |accessdate=August 1, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energybulletin.net/19525.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623070232/http://www.energybulletin.net/19525.html|archivedate=June 23, 2008 |title=The Real Green Revolution |publisher=Energybulletin.net |accessdate=August 1, 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/longrange2/WorldPop2300final.pdf World Population to 2300] (PDF). Economic and Social Affairs (United Nations). 2004. Retrieved June 16, 2013.</ref>
 
In 2000, the United Nations estimated that the world's population was growing at an annual rate of 1.14% (equivalent to around 75 million people),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html |title=International Programs |publisher=USCB |date=January 7, 2009 |accessdate=December 16, 2012}}</ref> down from a peak of 88 million per year in 1989. By 2000, there were approximately ten times as many people on Earth as there had been in 1700. According to data from the CIA's 2005–2006 [[The World Factbook|World Factbooks]], the world population increased by an average of 203,800 people every day in the mid-2000s.{{Citation needed|date=October 2013}} The World Factbook increased this estimate to 211,090 people every day in 2007, and again to 220,980 people every day in 2009.
 
[[File:Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg|thumb|300px|A world map showing global variations in [[fertility rate]] per woman, according to the [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]'s 2013 data.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{{legend|#AE23AE|7–8 children}}
{{legend|#FF00FF|6–7 children}}
{{col-break}}
{{legend|#FF0000|5–6 children}}
{{legend|#FF6600|4–5 children}}
{{col-break}}
{{legend|#FFFF00|3–4 children}}
{{legend|#00FF00|2–3 children}}
{{col-break}}
{{legend|#20DFD8|1–2 children}}
{{legend|#35B0E3|0–1 children}}
{{col-end}}]]
Globally, the population [[population growth|growth rate]] has been steadily declining from its peak of 2.19% in 1963, but growth remains high in Latin America, the Middle East and [[Sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref>Ron Nielsen (2006). ''The little green handbook''. Picador (New York). ISBN 0-312-42581-3.</ref>
 
In some countries, there is negative population growth (i.e. a [[Net (economics)|net]] decrease in population over time), especially in [[Europe]]&nbsp;– this is mainly due to low [[fertility rate]]s. During the 2010s, Japan and some countries in Europe began to encounter negative population growth, due to [[sub-replacement fertility]] rates.<ref name=BigDecline>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/9999591/Japans-population-suffers-biggest-fall-in-history.html|title=Japan's population suffers biggest fall in history|work=Daily Telegraph|date=April 17, 2013|accessdate=July 22, 2013}}</ref>
 
In 2006, the United Nations stated that the rate of population growth was visibly diminishing due to the ongoing global [[demographic transition]]. If this trend continues, the rate of growth may diminish to zero by 2050, concurrent with a world population plateau of 9.2 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf |title=2006 report highlights|format=PDF |publisher=United Nations|accessdate=August 1, 2010}}</ref> However, this is only one of many estimates published by the UN; in 2009, UN population projections for 2050 ranged between around 8 billion and 10.5 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpp/ |title=UN population estimates and projections, database query, August 2009 |publisher=United Nations |date=March 11, 2009 |accessdate=August 1, 2010}}</ref> An alternative scenario is given by Jorgen Randers, who argues that traditional projections insufficiently take into account the downward impact of global urbanization on fertility. Randers' "most likely scenario" reveals a peak in the world population in the early 2040s at about 8.1 billion people, followed by decline.<ref>Randers, Jorgen (2012). 2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 62.</ref>
 
<gallery>
Image:Population curve.svg|Estimated world population figures, [[10th millennium BC|10,000&nbsp;BC]]–2000&nbsp;AD.
File:World population growth (lin-log scale).png|Estimated world population figures, 10,000&nbsp;BC–2000&nbsp;AD (in [[logarithmic scale|log y scale]]).
Image:World population history.svg|World population figures, 1950–2000.
Image:World population growth rate 1950–2050.svg|Estimated global growth rates, 1950–2050.
Image:UN DESA continent population 1950 to 2100.svg|Estimated and projected populations of the world and its continents (except Antarctica) from 1950 to 2100. The shaded regions correspond to the range of projections by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
<!-- Deleted image removed: File:World Population Forecast to 2050 from International Futures.png|World population forecast to 2050 from [[International Futures]]. -->
</gallery>
 
===Projections===
{{Main|World population estimates|Projections of population growth}}
Long-term global population growth is difficult to predict. The United Nations and the US Census Bureau both give different estimates – according to the latter, the world population reached seven billion in March 2012,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popwnote.html | publisher = US Census Bureau | title = Notes on the World POPClock and World Vital Events|accessdate=February 12, 2013}}</ref> while the UN asserted that this occurred in late 2011.<ref name=UN>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_highlights.pdf |title=World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision |publisher=[[Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat]]|format=PDF|date=June 2009|accessdate=June 20, 2013}}</ref> The UN has issued multiple projections of future world population, based on different assumptions. From 2000 to 2005, the UN consistently revised these projections downward, until the 2006 revision, issued on March 14, 2007, revised the 2050 mid-range estimate upwards by 273 million.
 
Average global [[List of countries and territories by fertility rate|birth rates]] are declining fast, but vary greatly between developed countries (where birth rates are often at or below replacement levels) and developing countries (where birth rates typically remain high). Different ethnicities also display varying birth rates. [[Death rate]]s can change rapidly due to [[Infectious disease#Mortality from infectious diseases|disease epidemics]], [[List of wars|wars]] and other mass catastrophes, or [[History of medicine#Modern medicine|advances in medicine]].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em; float:right;"
|+ UN (medium variant – 2012 revision) and US Census Bureau (June 2012) estimates<ref name=UN12>{{cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/wpp/Excel-Data/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2012_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.XLS |title=World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision |publisher=[[Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat]]|format=XLS|date=June 2013|accessdate=August 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_population.php |title=World Population – Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950–2050 |publisher=Census.gov |date= June 2012 |accessdate=August 12, 2013}}</ref>
|-
! Year
! UN est.<br>(millions)
! <small>Difference</small>
! USCB est.<br>(millions)
! <small>Difference</small>
|-
!2005
|6,514
| –
|6,474
| –
|-
!2010
|6,916
|402
|6,864
|390
|-
!2015
|7,324
|408
|7,250
|386
|-
!2020
|7,717
|393
|7,628
|378
|-
!2025
|8,083
|366
|7,984
|356
|-
!2030
|8,425
|342
|8,315
|331
|-
!2035
|8,743
|318
|8,619
|304
|-
!2040
|9,039
|296
|8,899
|280
|-
!2045
|9,308
|269
|9,154
|255
|-
!2050
|9,551
|243
|9,383
|229
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:96%;"
|+UN 2012 estimates and medium variant projections (in millions)<ref name=UN12 />
! Year
! World
! Asia
! Africa
! Europe
! Latin America/Caribbean
! Northern America
! Oceania
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2010
| 6,916
| 4,165 (60.2%)
| 1,031 (14.9%)
| 740 (10.7%)
| 596 (8.6%)
| 347 (5.0%)
| 37 (0.5%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2015
| 7,324
| 4,385 (59.9%)
| 1,166 (15.9%)
| 743 (10.1%)
| 630 (8.6%)
| 361 (4.9%)
| 39 (0.5%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2020
| 7,717
| 4,582 (59.4%)
| 1,312 (17.0%)
| 744 (9.6%)
| 662 (8.6%)
| 376 (4.9%)
| 42 (0.5%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2025
| 8,083
| 4,749 (58.8%)
| 1,468 (18.2%)
| 741 (10.1%)
| 691 (9.2%)
| 390 (4.8%)
| 45 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2030
| 8,425
| 4,887 (58.0%)
| 1,634 (19.4%)
| 736 (8.7%)
| 717 (8.5%)
| 403 (4.8%)
| 47 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2035
| 8,743
| 4,997 (57.2%)
| 1,812 (20.7%)
| 730 (8.3%)
| 739 (8.5%)
| 415 (4.8%)
| 50 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2040
| 9,039
| 5,080 (56.2%)
| 1,999 (22.1%)
| 724 (8.0%)
| 757 (8.4%)
| 426 (4.8%)
| 52 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2045
| 9,308
| 5,136 (55.2%)
| 2,194 (23.6%)
| 717 (7.7%)
| 771 (8.3%)
| 436 (4.7%)
| 55 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2050
| 9,551
| 5,164 (54.1%)
| 2,393 (25.1%)
| 709 (7.4%)
| 782 (8.2%)
| 446 (4.7%)
| 57 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2055
| 9,766
| 5,168 (52.9%)
| 2,595 (26.6%)
| 700 (7.2%)
| 788 (8.1%)
| 456 (4.7%)
| 59 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2060
| 9,957
| 5,152 (51.7%)
| 2,797 (28.1%)
| 691 (6.9%)
| 791 (7.9%)
| 465 (4.7%)
| 61 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2065
| 10,127
| 5,120 (50.6%)
| 2,998 (29.6%)
| 681 (6.7%)
| 791 (7.8%)
| 474 (4.7%)
| 63 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2070
| 10,277
| 5,075 (49.4%)
| 3,195 (31.1%)
| 673 (6.5%)
| 788 (7.6%)
| 482 (4.7%)
| 64 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2075
| 10,409
| 5,019 (48.2%)
| 3,387 (32.5%)
| 665 (6.4%)
| 783 (7.5%)
| 490 (4.7%)
| 66 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2080
| 10,524
| 4,957 (47.1%)
| 3,570 (33.9%)
| 659 (6.3%)
| 776 (7.4%)
| 496 (4.7%)
| 67 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2085
| 10,626
| 4,894 (46.1%)
| 3,742 (35.2%)
| 653 (6.1%)
| 767 (7.2%)
| 502 (4.7%)
| 68 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2090
| 10,717
| 4,833 (45.1%)
| 3,903 (36.4%)
| 649 (6.1%)
| 757 (7.1%)
| 506 (4.7%)
| 69 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2095
| 10,794
| 4,773 (44.2%)
| 4,051 (37.6%)
| 644 (6.0%)
| 747 (6.9%)
| 510 (4.7%)
| 69 (0.6%)
|-
!style="text-align: right;" |2100
| 10,854
| 4,712 (43.4%)
| 4,185 (38.6%)
| 639 (5.9%)
| 736 (6.8%)
| 513 (4.7%)
| 70 (0.6%)
|}
 
===Population growth by region===
The table below shows historical and predicted regional population figures in millions.<ref name=UN/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm |title=The World at Six Billion|publisher=United Nations |date=October 12, 1999 |accessdate=August 1, 2010}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html |title=Population Growth over Human History |publisher=[[University of Michigan]]|date=January 4, 2006 |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref> The availability of historical population figures varies by region.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"
|+World historical and predicted populations (in millions)<ref name="Vallin">Figures include the former Soviet countries in Europe. {{Cite book
| publisher = Academic Press
| isbn = 978-0-12-765660-1
| last = Caselli
| first = Graziella
| coauthors = Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin
| title = Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population
| date = December 20, 2005
| page = 42
}}</ref><ref name="un2004">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf |title=UN report – 2004 data |format=PDF |accessdate=August 1, 2010}}</ref>
|-
!Region||1500||1600||1700||1750||1800||1850||1900||1950||1999||2008||2010||2012||2050||2150
|-
!World
|458||580||682||791||978||1,262||1,650||2,521||5,978||6,707||6,896||7,052||8,909||9,746
|-
!Africa
|86||114||106||106||107||111||133||221||767||973||1,022||1,052||1,766||2,308
|-
!Asia
|243||339||436||502||635||809||947||1,402||3,634||4,054||4,164||4,250||5,268||5,561
|-
!Europe
|84||111||125||163||203||276||408||547||729||732||738||740||628||517
|-
!Latin America and the Caribbean{{r|group=Note|Americas}}
|39||10||10||16||24||38||74||167||511||577||590||603||809||912
|-
!Northern America{{r|group=Note|Americas}}
|3||3||2||2||7||26||82||172||307||337||345||351||392||398
|-
!Oceania
|3||3||3||2||2||2||6||13||30||34||37||38||46||51
|}
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"
|+World historical and predicted populations by percentage distribution<ref name="Vallin" /><ref name="un2004"/>
|-
!Region||1500||1600||1700||1750||1800||1850||1900||1950||1999||2008||2010||2012||2050||2150
|-
!World
|100||100||100||100||100||100||100||100||100||100||100||100||100||100
|-
!Africa
|18.8||19.7||15.5||13.4||10.9||8.8||8.1||8.8||12.8||14.5||14.8||15.2||19.8||23.7
|-
!Asia
|53.1||58.4||63.9||63.5||64.9||64.1||57.4||55.6||60.8||60.4||60.4||60.3||59.1||57.1
|-
!Europe
|18.3||19.1||18.3||20.6||20.8||21.9||24.7||21.7||12.2||10.9||10.7||10.5||7.0||5.3
|-
!Latin America and the Caribbean{{r|group=Note|Americas}}
|8.5||1.7||1.5||2.0||2.5||3.0||4.5||6.6||8.5||8.6||8.6||8.6||9.1||9.4
|-
!Northern America{{r|group=Note|Americas}}
|0.7||0.5||0.3||0.3||0.7||2.1||5.0||6.8||5.1||5.0||5.0||5.0||4.4||4.1
|-
!Oceania
|0.7||0.5||0.4||0.3||0.2||0.2||0.4||0.5||0.5||0.5||0.5||0.5||0.5||0.5
|}
 
''Note: in the table below, the figures for North America only refer to post-European contact settlers, and not native populations from before European settlement.''
 
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"
|+ Estimated world and regional populations at various dates (in millions)
! Year
! style="width:70px;"| World
! style="width:70px;"| Africa
! style="width:70px;"| Asia
! style="width:70px;"| Europe
! style="width:70px;"| Latin America{{r|group=Note|Americas}}
! style="width:70px;"| Northern America
! style="width:70px;"| Oceania
! Notes
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" |70,000 BC
| < 0.015
|
|
|
|
|
|
|<ref>Fewer than 15,000 individuals, according to the [[Toba catastrophe theory]]. See: [http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=080425101050.cni2ks3u&show_article=1 "Humans lived in tiny, separate bands for 100,000 years"]. Breitbart.com. Retrieved February 12, 2013.</ref>
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" |10,000 BC
| 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | 9000 BC
| 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | 8000 BC
| 5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|<ref name="HistoricalEstimates">an average of figures from different sources as listed at the US Census Bureau's [http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis.html Historical Estimates of World Population]; see also *[[Michael Kremer|Kremer, Michael]] (1993). "Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990" in ''The Quarterly Journal of Economics'' 108(3): 681–716.</ref>
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | 7000 BC
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | 6000 BC
| 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | 5000 BC
| 15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | 4000 BC
| 20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | 3000 BC
| 25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | 2000 BC
| 35
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | 1000 BC
| 50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|<ref name="HistoricalEstimates" />
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | 500 BC
| 100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|<ref name="HistoricalEstimates" />
|- style="text-align:right;"
!style="text-align: right;" | AD 1
| 200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|<ref>The range of figures from different sources as listed at the US Census Bureau's [http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis.html Historical Estimates of World Population] put the world population in AD 1 between 170 million and 400 million.</ref>
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1000
| 310
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1750
| 791
| 106
| 502
| 163
| 16
| 2
| 2
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1800
| 978
| 107
| 635
| 203
| 24
| 7
| 2
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1850
| 1,262
| 111
| 809
| 276
| 38
| 26
| 2
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1900
| 1,650
| 133
| 947
| 408
| 74
| 82
| 6
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1950
| 2,519
| 221
| 1,398
| 547
| 167
| 172
| 12.8
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1955
| 2,756
| 247
| 1,542
| 575
| 191
| 187
| 14.3
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1960
| 2,982
| 277
| 1,674
| 601
| 209
| 204
| 15.9
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1965
| 3,335
| 314
| 1,899
| 634
| 250
| 219
| 17.6
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1970
| 3,692
| 357
| 2,143
| 656
| 285
| 232
| 19.4
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1975
| 4,068
| 408
| 2,397
| 675
| 322
| 243
| 21.5
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1980
| 4,435
| 470
| 2,632
| 692
| 361
| 256
| 22.8
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1985
| 4,831
| 542
| 2,887
| 706
| 401
| 269
| 24.7
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1990
| 5,263
| 622
| 3,168
| 721
| 441
| 283
| 26.7
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 1995
| 5,674
| 707
| 3,430
| 727
| 481
| 299
| 28.9
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 2000
| 6,070
| 796
| 3,680
| 728
| 520
| 316
| 31.0
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 2005
| 6,454
| 888
| 3,917
| 725
| 558
| 332
| 32.9
|
|-
!style="text-align: right;" | 2010
| 6,972
| 1,022
| 4,252
| 732
| 580
| 351
| 35.6
|{{Citation needed|date=October 2013}}
|}
 
{{Reflist|group=Note|refs=
<ref name=Americas>''Northern America comprises the northern-most countries and territories of North America: Canada, the United States, Greenland, [[Bermuda]], and [[St. Pierre and Miquelon]]. Latin America comprises Mexico, Central America, the [[Caribbean]] and South America.</ref>
}}
 
==Mathematical approximations==
In 1975, [[Sebastian von Hoerner]] proposed a formula for population growth which represented [[hyperbolic growth]] with an infinite population in 2025.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Sebastien von Hoerner|title=Population Explosion and Interstellar Expansion|journal=Journal of the British Interplanetary Society|issue=28|year=1975|pages=691–712}}</ref> The hyperbolic growth of the world population observed until the 1970s was later correlated to a non-linear second order positive feedback between demographic growth and technological development. This feedback can be described as follows: technological advance → increase in the [[carrying capacity]] of land for people →demographic growth → more people → more potential inventors → acceleration of technological advance →accelerating growth of the carrying capacity →faster population growth →accelerating growth of the number of potential inventors →faster technological advance → hence, the faster growth of the Earth's carrying capacity for people, and so on.<ref>[http://urss.ru/cgi-bin/db.pl?cp=&page=Book&id=37484&lang=en&blang=en&list=14 ''Introduction to Social Macrodynamics'']. [[Andrey Korotayev]] ''et al.''. For a rigorous mathematical analysis of this issue, see [http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.0496 "A Compact Mathematical Model of the World System Economic and Demographic Growth, 1 CE – 1973 CE"].</ref> The transition from hyperbolic growth to slower rates of growth is related to the [[demographic transition]].
 
According to [[Sergei Kapitsa]],<ref name=Kapitza>Sergei P. Kapitsa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090511041230/http://srs.dl.ac.uk/SPEAKERS/KAPITZA/Uspekhi_96.html "The phenomenological theory of world population growth."] ''Physics-Uspekhi'' 39(1) 57–71 (1996). Retrieved July 26, 2013.</ref> the world population grew between 67,000 BC and 1965 according to the following formula:
:<math> N = \frac{C}{\tau} \arccot \frac{T_0-T}{\tau}</math>
where
* N is current population
* T is the current year
* C = (1.86±0.01)•10<sup>11</sup>
* T<sub>0</sub> = 2007±1
* <math>\tau</math> = 42±1
 
===Years for world population to double===
Using linear interpolation and extrapolation of [[World population estimates|UNDESA population estimates]], the world population has doubled, or will double, in the following years (with two different starting points). Note how, during the [[2nd millennium]], each doubling took roughly half as long as the previous doubling, fitting the hyperbolic growth model mentioned above. However, after 2025 it is unlikely that there will be another doubling of the global population in the 21st century.<ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v387/n6635/full/387803a0.html "Letters to Nature: Doubling of world population unlikely"]. ''Nature''. June 19, 1997. Retrieved October 23, 2012.</ref>
[[File:Population-doubling.svg|thumb|300px|Historic chart showing the periods of time the world population has taken to double, from 1700 to 2000.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Starting at 500 million
! Population<br /><small>(in billions)</small>
! colspan=2 | 0.5 !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 4 !! colspan=2 | 8
|-
! Year
| colspan=2 | 1500 || colspan=2 | 1804 || colspan=2 | 1927 || colspan=2 | 1974 || colspan=2 | 2025
|-
! colspan=2 | Years elapsed
| colspan=2 | 304 || colspan=2 | 123 || colspan=2 | 47 || colspan=2 | 51
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Starting at 375 million
! Population<br /><small>(in billions)</small>
! colspan=2 | 0.375 !! colspan=2 | 0.75 !! colspan=2 | 1.5 !! colspan=2 | 3 !! colspan=2 | 6
|-
! Year
| colspan=2 | 1171 || colspan=2 | 1715 || colspan=2 | 1881 || colspan=2 | 1960 || colspan=2 | 1999
|-
! colspan=2 | Years elapsed
| colspan=2 | 544 || colspan=2 | 166 || colspan=2 | 79 || colspan=2 | 39
|}
 
==Overpopulation==
{{main|Human overpopulation}}
 
===Predictions of scarcity===
[[File:Los Angeles Aerial view 2013.jpg|thumb|[[Greater Los Angeles Area|Los Angeles]] is a coastal desert able to support at most 1 million people on its own [[water scarcity|water]].]]
In his 1798 work ''[[An Essay on the Principle of Population]]'', as it affects the future improvement of society with remarks on the speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and other writers; the British scholar [[Thomas Malthus]] incorrectly predicted that continued population growth would exhaust the global food supply by the mid-19th century. The essay was written to refute what Malthus called, the unattainable [[Utopian]] ideas of [[William Godwin]] and [[Marquis de Condorcet]]; presented in [[Political Justice]] and [[The Future Progress of the Human Mind]]. In 1968, [[Paul R. Ehrlich]] reprised this argument in ''[[The Population Bomb]]'', predicting that mass global [[famine]] would occur in the 1970s and 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/oct/23/paul-ehrlich-global-collapse-warning|title=Paul Ehrlich, a prophet of global population doom who is gloomier than ever|work=The Guardian|date=October 23, 2011|accessdate=July 22, 2013}}</ref> The predictions of Ehrlich and other [[Neo-malthusianism|neo-Malthusians]] were vigorously challenged by a number of economists, notably [[Julian Lincoln Simon]], and advances in agriculture, collectively known as the [[Green Revolution]], forestalled any potential global famine in the late 20th century. Between 1950 and 1984, as the Green Revolution transformed agriculture around the world, grain production increased by over 250%.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kindall, Henery W & Pimentel, David|title=Constraints on the Expansion of the Global Food Supply |journal=Ambio. |volume=23 |issue=3 |date=May 1994 |url= http://dieoff.org/page36.htm}}</ref> The world population has grown by over four billion since the beginning of the Green Revolution, but food production has so far kept pace with population growth. Most scholars believe that, without the Revolution, there would be greater levels of famine and malnutrition than the UN presently documents.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6496585.stm "The limits of a Green Revolution?"]. BBC News. March 29, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</ref> However, neo-Malthusians point out that the energy for the Green Revolution was provided by [[fossil fuels]], in the form of natural gas-derived [[fertilizers]], oil-derived [[pesticides]], and [[hydrocarbon]]-fueled [[irrigation]], and that many crops have become so genetically uniform that a crop failure could potentially have global repercussions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/eigenbr.htm|title=Host Plant Resistance and Conservation of Genetic Diversity|work=Radcliffe's IPM World Textbook|publisher=University of Minnesota|year=Updated March 2013|accessdate=July 20, 2013}}</ref>
 
[[File:Population curve.svg|thumb|350px|Graph of the global human population from 10,000 BC to 2010 AD, from the US Census Bureau. The graph shows the extremely rapid growth in the world population that has taken place since the 18th century.]]
 
In May 2008, the price of grain was pushed up severely by the increased cultivation of [[biofuel]]s, the increase of world [[oil prices]] to over $140 per barrel ($880/m<sup>3</sup>),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0118/p08s01-comv.html |title=The global grain bubble |work=Christian Science Monitor |date=January 18, 2008 |accessdate=February 18, 2013}}</ref> global population growth,<ref>{{cite news|author=James Randerson, science correspondent |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/mar/07/scienceofclimatechange.food |title=Food crisis will take hold before climate change, warns chief scientist |work=The Guardian |date=March 7, 2008|accessdate=February 18, 2013| location=London}}</ref> the effects of [[climate change]],<ref>{{cite news|author=John Vidal, environment editor |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/nov/03/food.climatechange |title=Global food crisis looms as climate change and fuel shortages bite |work=The Guardian |date= November 3, 2007|accessdate=February 18, 2013| location=London}}</ref> the loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development,<ref>{{cite web|author=Walsoft |url=http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article3782.html |title=Experts: Global Food Shortages Could ‘Continue for Decades' |publisher=Marketoracle.co.uk |date=February 22, 2008 |accessdate=February 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moyak.com/papers/urbanization-agriculture.html |author=Moya K. Mason|title=Has Urbanization Caused a Loss to Agricultural Land? |publisher=Moyak.com |accessdate=July 9, 2013}}</ref> and growing consumer demand in the population centres of China and India.<ref>{{cite news|last=Walt |first=Vivienne |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1717572,00.html |title=The World's Growing Food-Price Crisis |work=Time |date=February 27, 2008 |accessdate=February 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/7284196.stm "The cost of food: Facts and figures"]. BBC. October 16, 2008. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</ref> [[2007–2008 world food price crisis|Food riots]] subsequently occurred in some countries.<ref>{{cite news|author=Julian Borger|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/feb/26/food.unitednations |title=Feed the world? We are fighting a losing battle, UN admits |work=The Guardian |date=February 26, 2008|accessdate=February 18, 2013 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/7361945.stm |publisher=BBC | title = Assessing the global food crisis | date=April 22, 2008 | accessdate=April 6, 2010}}</ref> However, oil prices then fell sharply, and remained below $100/barrel until around 2010. Resource demands are expected to ease as population growth declines, but it is unclear whether mass [[food waste|food wastage]] and rising living standards in developing countries will once again create resource shortages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20968076|title=Half of all food 'wasted' report claims|publisher=BBC|date=January 10, 2013|accessdate=January 10, 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://money.cnn.com/2011/03/03/news/economy/food_prices/index.htm "Oil shock could push world food prices higher"]. CNN Money. March 3, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</ref>
 
David Pimentel, professor of ecology and agriculture at [[Cornell University]], estimates that the sustainable agricultural [[carrying capacity]] for the United States is about 200 million people; its population as of 2013 is over 310 million.<ref>P. Crabbè (2000). North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division (2000). [http://books.google.com/books?id=denet95NNzkC&pg=PA411&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Implementing ecological integrity: restoring regional and global environmental and human health'']. Springer. p.411. ISBN 0-7923-6351-5.</ref> In 2009, the UK government's chief scientific advisor, Professor [[John Beddington]], warned that growing populations, falling energy reserves and food shortages would create a "perfect storm" by 2030. Beddington claimed that food reserves were at a fifty-year low, and that the world would require 50% more energy, food and water by 2030.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2009/mar/18/perfect-storm-john-beddington-energy-food-climate "World faces 'perfect storm' of problems by 2030, chief scientist to warn"]. ''The Guardian''. March 18, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7951838.stm "Global crisis 'to strike by 2030'"]. BBC. March 19, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</ref> According to a 2009 report by the United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organisation]] (FAO), the world will have to produce 70% more food by 2050 to feed a projected extra 2.3 billion people.<ref>[http://www.finfacts.ie/irishfinancenews/article_1017966.shtml "Global food production will have to increase 70% for additional 2.3 billion people by 2050"]. Finfacts.com. September 24, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</ref>
 
The observed figures for 2007 showed an actual increase in absolute numbers of undernourished people in the world, with 923 million undernourished in 2007, versus 832 million in 1995.<ref>[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] Economic and Social Development Department. [http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0291e/i0291e00.htm “The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2008: High food prices and food security – threats and opportunities”]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2008. p. 2. Retrieved December 8, 2012.</ref> The 2009 FAO estimates showed an even more dramatic increase, to 1.02 billion.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/20568/icode/ “One sixth of humanity undernourished – more than ever before”]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2009. Retrieved December 8, 2012.</ref>
 
===Environmental impacts===
[[File:Manantenina bushfire.jpg|thumb|Illegal [[slash-and-burn]] agriculture in Madagascar, 2010]]
A number of scientists have argued that the current global population expansion and accompanying increase in resource consumption threatens the world's [[ecosystem]], as well as straining humanity's ability to feed itself.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.footprintnetwork.org/gfn_sub.php?content=overshoot | title=Ecological Debt Day | accessdate=February 18, 2013}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web | url=http://www.nature.com/news/specials/planetaryboundaries/index.html#feature | title=Planetary Boundaries: Specials |work=Nature | date=September 23, 2009 | accessdate=February 18, 2013}}
</ref>
The [[InterAcademy Panel]] [[IAP statement on population growth|Statement on Population Growth]], which was ratified by 58 member [[national academy|national academies]] in 1994, called the growth in human numbers "unprecedented", and stated that many environmental problems, such as rising levels of [[atmospheric carbon dioxide]], [[global warming]], and pollution, were aggravated by the population expansion.<ref>[http://www.interacademies.net/?id=3547 IAP (login required)]. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</ref> Indeed, some analysts claim that overpopulation's most serious impact is its effect on the environment.<ref name=TIMEenvir>[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2097720_2097782_2097814,00.html "Overpopulation's Real Victim Will Be the Environment"]. ''TIME''. October 26, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</ref>
At the time of the 1994 IAP statement, the world population stood at 5.5 billion, and lower-bound scenarios predicted a peak of 7.8 billion by 2050, a number that current estimates state will be reached in the late 2020s.
 
===Population control===
{{main|Human population control}}
[[File:India - Chennai - busy T. Nagar market 1 (3059480968).jpg|thumb|[[India]] will overtake China as the world's most populous country]]
Human population control is the practice of intervening to alter the rate of population growth. Historically, human population control has been implemented by limiting a region's [[birth rate]], by voluntary contraception or by government mandate. It has been undertaken as a response to factors including high or increasing levels of poverty, [[carrying capacity|environmental concerns]], and [[religion|religious reasons]]. The use of [[abortion]] in some population control strategies has caused controversy,<ref>Some population control programs, such as China's [[one-child policy]], even entail the use of forced late-term abortions, sparking domestic anger and international condemnation: [http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jun/15/world/la-fg-china-abortions-20120616 "China one-child policy leads to forced abortions, mothers' deaths"]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. June 15, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.</ref> with organizations such as the [[Roman Catholic Church]] explicitly opposing any intervention in the human reproductive process.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/messages/peace/documents/hf_ben-xvi_mes_20081208_xlii-world-day-peace_en.html "Fighting poverty to build peace"]. [[Holy See|Vatican]]. January 1, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2011.</ref>
 
The [[University of Nebraska]] publication ''[http://greenillusions.org Green Illusions]'' argues that population control to alleviate environmental pressures need not be coercive. It states that "Women who are educated, economically engaged, and in control of their own bodies can enjoy the freedom of bearing children at their own pace, which happens to be a rate that is appropriate for the aggregate ecological endowment of our planet."<ref>{{cite book|last=Zehmer|first=Ozzie|title=Green lllusions|year=2012|publisher=University of Nebraska|location=Lincoln and London|pages=188|url=http://greenillusions.org}}</ref> The book ''Fatal Misconception'' by Matthew Connelly similarly points to the importance of supporting the rights of women in bringing population levels down over time.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Fatal_Misconception.html?id=CwImmRvyyiEC&redir_esc=y|title=Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population|author=Connelly, Matthew|year=2008|publisher=Harvard University Press via [[Google Books]]}}</ref>
 
=== Overpopulation as a myth ===
Some scientists and others{{who|date=December 2013}} argue that the concept of "overpopulation" is a myth.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/14/opinion/overpopulation-is-not-the-problem.html?_r=0</ref> Main arguments cite technology advances. For example; better medicines and farming related sciences leads to the situation where the average low paid worker in the developed world can buy more food than he/she needs.
 
Other technological advantages like a housing may be citied - the high rise towers can house a bigger population, near the workplaces or places of interests.  A good example is [[Hong Kong]] or [[Singapore]]. Robots, computers, and automatic industry allows for producing more goods, of at least average quality for widener groups of people because of lower price of one thing.<ref>http://www.pop.org/content/debunking-myth-overpopulation</ref><ref>http://www.americanthinker.com/2013/02/the_myth_of_overpopulation.html</ref><ref>http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/the-overpopulation-myth/</ref>
 
==Number of humans who have ever lived==
{{Further|Paleodemography}}
An estimate of the total number of humans who have ever lived was prepared by Carl Haub of the nonprofit [[Population Reference Bureau]] in 1995, and was subsequently updated in 2002 and 2011; the 2011 figure was approximately 107 billion.<ref name=Curtin2007>{{cite journal
|last=Curtin |first=Ciara |publication-date=September 2007 |date=March 1, 2007 |accessdate=August 4, 2008
|title=Fact or Fiction?: Living People Outnumber the Dead |periodical=Scientific American |publisher=Scientific American, Inc.
|volume=297 |issue=3 |page=126 |url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=fact-or-fiction-living-outnumber-dead
|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0907-126
}} ''Note: text of paper publication slightly different from text of on-line publication''</ref><ref name=Haub1995>{{Cite journal
|last=Haub |first=Carl |author-link= |date=November/December 2002 |title=How Many People Have Ever Lived on Earth?
|work=Population Today |publisher=[[Population Reference Bureau]] |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=3–4
|url=http://www.prb.org/pdf/PT_novdec02.pdf |accessdate=August 4, 2008|format=PDF
}}</ref><ref name=Haub2011>{{Cite web
|last=Haub |first=Carl |author-link= |date=October 2011 |title=How Many People Have Ever Lived on Earth?
|publisher=[[Population Reference Bureau]]
|url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2002/HowManyPeopleHaveEverLivedonEarth.aspx |accessdate=April 29, 2013
}}</ref> Haub characterized this figure as an estimate that required "selecting population sizes for different points from antiquity to the present and applying assumed birth rates to each period".<ref name=Haub1995/> Various estimates published in the first decade of the 21st century give figures ranging from approximately 100 billion to 115 billion.
 
===Estimation methodologies===
An accurate estimate of the number of humans who have ever lived is difficult to produce for numerous reasons. Firstly, the set of specific characteristics that define a "human" is a matter of definition, and it is open to debate which members of [[archaic Homo sapiens|early ''Homo sapiens'']] and earlier or related species of ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]'' to include in the estimate (see also [[Sorites paradox]]). Even if the scientific community reached a broad consensus regarding which characteristics distinguished human beings, it would be nearly impossible to pinpoint the time of their first appearance to even the nearest millennium, due to the scarcity of fossil evidence. However, the very small size of the world population in prehistoric times (as compared to its current size) makes this uncertainty of limited importance.
 
More importantly, robust population data only exist for the last two or three centuries. Until the late 18th century, few governments had ever performed an accurate census. In many early attempts, such as in [[Census in Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] and the [[Persian Empire]], the focus was on counting merely a subset of the population for purposes of taxation or military service.<ref>Kuhrt, A. (1995). ''The Ancient Near East, c. 3000–330 BC''. Vol. 2. London: Routledge. p. 695.</ref> All claims of population sizes preceding the 18th century are imprecise estimates, and thus the margin of error for the total number of humans who have ever lived may be in the billions, or even tens of billions, of people.{{citation needed|date=August 2013|reason=justification for this specific range of values? WP:OR?}}
 
Another critical factor for such an estimate is life expectancy, which depends critically on [[infant mortality]] rates; these figures are very difficult to estimate for ancient times. Haub's numbers suggest that around 40% of those who have ever lived did not survive beyond their first birthday.<ref name=Haub1995/> Haub also stated that "life expectancy at birth probably averaged only about ten years for most of human history".<ref name=Haub1995/>
 
==See also==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Population boom]]
* [[Birth control]]
* [[Coastal development hazards#Coastal population growth and development on coasts|Coastal population]]
* [[Demographic transition]]
* [[Depopulation]]
* [[Doomsday argument]]
* [[Family planning]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Food security]]
* [[Megacity]]
* [[Malthusian catastrophe]]
* [[Natalism]]
* [[One-child policy]]
* [[Two-child policy]]
* [[World's largest cities]]
{{col-break}}
'''Lists:'''
* [[List of countries by fertility rate]]
* [[List of countries by past and future population]]
* [[List of countries by population in 1900]]
* [[List of countries by population density]]
* [[List of countries by population growth rate]]
* [[Lists of organisms by population]] – for non-human global populations
* [[List of religious populations]]
{{col-break}}
'''Historical:'''
* [[Census#Historical examples|Historical censuses]]
* [[Historical demography]]
{{col-end}}
 
==Notes==
<references group="note" />
 
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
==External links==
{{commons category|World population statistics}}
;Further reading
* [http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm "World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision"]. [[United Nations Population Division]]. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
* [http://demographia.ru/eng/articles/index.html?idR=67&idArt=1815 "Symptoms of The Global Demographic Decline"]. Demographia.ru. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
* [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (2012). ''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html World Factbook 2012]''. CIA. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/3108_worldbal.html "The World in Balance"] (transcript). Two-part PBS Nova on world population. April 20, 2004. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
* [http://berkeley.academia.edu/OzzieZehner/Papers/911571/The_Environmental_Politics_of_Population_and_Overpopulation/ "The Environmental Politics of Population and Overpopulation"]. [[University of California, Berkeley]]. 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
* [http://www.economist.com/news/international/21579817-lot-more-people-faces-future "Global population: Faces of the future"]. ''The Economist''. June 22, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23253917 "Creating new life – and other ways to feed the world"]. BBC. July 23, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
 
;Organizations
* [http://www.optimumpopulation.org/ Optimum Population Trust]
* [http://www.unfpa.org/6billion/ The Day of 6 Billion] and [http://www.7billionactions.org/ 7 Billion] – Official homepages maintained by UNFPA
* [http://www.prb.org/ Population Reference Bureau] – News and issues related to population
* [http://www.berlin-institut.org/index.php?id=48 Berlin Institute for Population and Development]
 
;Statistics and maps
* [http://www.hivegroup.com/gallery/worldpop/ HiveGroup.com – World population statistics presented in a treemap interface]
* [http://www.populationlabs.com/World_Population.asp PopulationLabs.com – World population map and graph]
* [http://www.populationdata.net/ PopulationData.net – Information and maps about populations around the world]
* [http://www.geohive.com/ GeoHive.com – World statistics including population and future predictions]
* [http://www.win.tue.nl/~speckman/Cartograms/WorldCarto.html Win.tue.nl – World countries mapped by population size]
* [http://www.world-statistics.org/ World-statistics.org – World statistics including population and projections]
 
;Population clocks
* [http://www.census.gov/population/popclockworld.html USCB World Population Clock]
* [http://www.peopleintheworld.org/ People in the world]
* [http://opr.princeton.edu/popclock/ Live World Population]
 
{{Population}}
{{Globalization}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:World Population}}
[[Category:World population| 01]]
[[Category:Population]]
[[Category:World|Population]]
[[Category:Demography]]
[[Category:Environmental issues]]
[[Category:Sociocultural globalization]]
[[Category:Articles with inconsistent citation formats]]
 
{{Link GA|zh}}
[[id:Penduduk#Penduduk dunia]]

Latest revision as of 14:39, 12 January 2015

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