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| The [[partial pressure]] of oxygen (pO<sub>2</sub>) in the [[pulmonary alveoli]] is required to calculate both the [[alveolar-arterial gradient]] of oxygen and the amount of right-to-left [[cardiac shunt]], which are both clinically useful quantities. However it is not practical to take a sample of gas from the alveoli in order to directly measure the partial pressure of oxygen. The alveolar gas equation allows the calculation of the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen from data that is practically measurable. It was first characterized in 1946.<ref name="pmid16709734">{{cite journal |author=Curran-Everett D |title=A classic learning opportunity from Fenn, Rahn, and Otis (1946): the alveolar gas equation |journal=Adv Physiol Educ |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=58–62 |date=June 2006 |pmid=16709734 |doi=10.1152/advan.00076.2005 |url=http://advan.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/30/2/58?ck=nck}}</ref>
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| ==Assumptions==
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| The equation relies on the following assumptions:
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| * Inspired gas contains no carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) or water
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| * Nitrogen (and any other gases except oxygen) in the inspired gas are in equilibrium with their dissolved states in the blood
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| * Inspired and alveolar gases obey the [[ideal gas law]]
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| * Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) in the alveolar gas is in equilibrium with the arterial blood i.e. that the alveolar and arterial partial pressures are equal
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| * The alveolar gas is saturated with water
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| ==Equation==
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| <math>p_AO_2=F_IO_2(P_{ATM}-pH_2O)-\frac{p_aCO_2(1-F_IO_2[1-RQ])}{RQ}</math>
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| If F<sub>I</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is small, or more specifically if<br /><math>F_IO_2[1-RQ] \ll 1</math><br />then the equation can be simplified to:<br /><math>p_AO_2 \approx F_IO_2(P_{ATM}-pH_2O)-\frac{p_aCO_2}{RQ}</math>
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| where:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! Quantity
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| ! Description
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| ! Sample value
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| |-
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| | p<sub>A</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
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| | The alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (pO<sub>2</sub>)
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| | 107 mmHg (14.2 kPa)
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| |-
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| | F<sub>I</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
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| | The fraction of inspired gas that is oxygen (expressed as a decimal).
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| | 0.21
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| |-
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| | P<sub>ATM</sub>
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| | The prevailing atmospheric pressure
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| | 760 mmHg (101 kPa)
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| |-
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| | pH<sub>2</sub>O
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| | The saturated vapour pressure of water at body temperature and the prevailing atmospheric pressure
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| | 47 mmHg (6.25 kPa)
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| |-
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| | p<sub>a</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>
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| | The arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO<sub>2</sub>)
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| | 40 mmHg (4.79 kPa)
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| |-
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| | RQ (RER)
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| | The [[respiratory quotient]] (Respiratory Exchange Ratio)
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| | 0.8
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| |}
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| Sample Values given for air at sea level at 37°C.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Pulmonary gas pressures]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://vam.anest.ufl.edu/simulations/alveolargasequation.php Free interactive model of the simplified and complete versions of the alveolar gas equation (AGE)]
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| * [http://www.surgery.ucsf.edu/eastbaytrauma/Protocols/Formulas%20pages/formulasaalvgasequation.htm Formula at ucsf.edu]
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| * [http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/1/24.full Derivation and explanation from Continuing Care in Anaesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain]
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| *[http://www.medfixation.com/alveolar-gas-equation-pao2/ Online Alveolar Gas Equation and iPhone application] by Medfixation.
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| {{Respiratory physiology}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Alveolar Gas Equation}}
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| [[Category:Respiratory physiology]]
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| {{med-diagnostic-stub}}
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Nice to satisfy you, my name is Ling and I totally dig that name. Arizona has usually been my residing place but my wife wants us to transfer. My job is a messenger. What he truly enjoys doing is to play handball but he is struggling to discover time for it.
Also visit my homepage; http://www.lexhousing.com