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| {{Infobox scientist
| | Hello and welcome. My title is Figures Wunder. Her spouse and her live in Puerto Rico but she will have to transfer one working day or an additional. Hiring is her working day job now and she will not alter it whenever quickly. To collect badges is what her family members and her enjoy.<br><br>Also visit my weblog :: at home std testing ([http://www.siccus.net/blog/15356 click through the up coming document]) |
| |name = Nicola Cabibbo
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| |image = Nicola Cabibbo.jpg
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| |image_size =
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| |alt =
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| |caption =
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| |birth_date = {{birth date|1935|4|10|df=y}}
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| |birth_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
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| |death_date = {{death date and age|2010|8|16|1935|4|10|df=y}}
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| |death_place = Rome, Italy
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| |residence =
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| |citizenship =
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| |nationality = [[Italy|Italian]]
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| |ethnicity =
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| |fields = [[Particle physics]]
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| |workplaces = [[Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare|Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics]]<br>[[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
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| |alma_mater =
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| |doctoral_advisor =
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| |academic_advisors =
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| |doctoral_students =
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| |notable_students =
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| |known_for = [[Cabibbo angle]]
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| |author_abbrev_bot =
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| |author_abbrev_zoo =
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| |influences =
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| |influenced =
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| |awards = [[Sakurai Prize]] (1989)<br>[[Matteucci Medal]] (2002)<br>[[Dirac Prize#Dirac Medal of the ICTP|P.A.M. Dirac Medal]] (2010)
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| |religion = [[Catholicism|Catholic]]
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| |signature = <!--(filename only)-->
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| |signature_alt =
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| |footnotes =
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| }}
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| '''Nicola Cabibbo''' (10 April 1935 – 16 August 2010<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| |author=
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| |date=16 August 2010
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| |title=Morto il fisico Cabibbo Gli fu negato il Nobel
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| |url=http://www.corriere.it/scienze_e_tecnologie/10_agosto_16/morto-fisico-nicola-cabibbo_33cc09ac-a96f-11df-b3a8-00144f02aabe.shtml
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| |work=[[Corriere della Sera]]
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| |accessdate=2010-08-16
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| }} {{It icon}}</ref>) was an [[:Category:Italian physicists|Italian physicist]], best known for his work on the [[weak interaction]]. He was also the president of the [[Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare|Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics]] from 1983 to 1992, and from 1993 until his death he was the president of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{cite pmid|20844530}}</ref> He was born in [[Rome]].
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| ==Work==
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| [[Image:Cabibbo angle.svg|thumb|175px|left|The Cabibbo angle represents the rotation of the [[mass]] [[eigenstate]] [[vector space]] formed by the mass eigenstates <math>\scriptstyle{| d \rangle , \ | s \rangle}</math> into the [[weak interaction|weak]] eigenstate vector space formed by the weak eigenstates <math>\scriptstyle{| d^\prime \rangle , \ | s^\prime \rangle}</math>. The rotation angle is {{nowrap|''θ''<sub>C</sub> {{=}} 13.04°}}.]]
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| Cabibbo's major work on the [[weak interaction]] originated from a need to explain two observed phenomena:
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| *The transitions between [[Up quark|up]] and [[Down quark|down]] [[quark]]s, between [[electron]]s and [[electron neutrino]]s, and between [[muon]]s and [[muon neutrino]]s had similar likelihood of occurring (similar [[Probability amplitude|amplitudes]]); and
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| *The transitions with change in [[strangeness]] had amplitudes equal to one fourth of those with no change in strangeness.
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| Cabibbo solved the first issue by postulating [[weak universality]], which involves a similarity in the weak interaction [[coupling constant|coupling strength]] between different generations of particles. He solved the second issue with a [[mixing angle]] ''θ''<sub>C</sub> (now called the [[Cabibbo angle]]), between the down and strange quarks. Modern measurements show that {{nowrap|''θ''<sub>C</sub> {{=}} 13.04°}}.
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| Before the discovery of the third [[generation (particle physics)|generation]] of quarks, Cabibbo's work was extended by [[Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)|Makoto Kobayashi]] and [[Toshihide Maskawa]] to the [[Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix]]. In 2008, Kobayashi and Maskawa shared one half of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for their work. Some physicists had bitter feelings that the Nobel Prize committee failed to reward Cabibbo for his part.<ref name=ymytm>{{cite web | author = 闫同民 | year = 2013 | title = 与2008年诺贝尔物理奖失之交臂的物理学家 | journal = 物理双月刊 | volume = 35 | pages = 354–357 | url = http://psroc.phys.ntu.edu.tw/bimonth/download.php?d=1&cpid=198&did=22}}</ref><ref>
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| {{cite web
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| |author=Valerie Jamieson
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| |date=7 October 2008
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| |title=Physics Nobel snubs key researcher
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| |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14885-physics-nobel-snubs-key-researcher.html?DCMP=ILC-hmts&nsref=news8_head_dn14885
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| |work=[[New Scientist]]
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| |accessdate=2009-11-06
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| }}</ref> Asked for a reaction on the prize, Cabibbo preferred to give no comment. According to sources close to him, he was very embittered.<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| |date=7 October 2008
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| |url=http://www.corriere.it/scienze_e_tecnologie/08_ottobre_07/nobel_fisica_italiani_traditi_d9993120-946d-11dd-a0d8-00144f02aabc.shtml
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| |title=Nobel, l'amarezza dei fisici italiani
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| |publisher=[[Corriere della Sera]]
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| |accessdate=2009-11-06
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| }} {{It icon}}</ref>
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| Recent work on evaluating the importance of scientific papers using [[Google]]'s [[PageRank]] algorithm identifies Cabibbo's paper "Unitary symmetry and leptonic decays"<ref>
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| {{cite journal
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| |author=Nicola Cabibbo
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| |year=1963
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| |title=Unitary symmetry and leptonic decays
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| |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]]
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| |volume=10 |pages=531–533
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| |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.10.531
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| |bibcode = 1963PhRvL..10..531C
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| |issue=12 }}</ref> as the top ranked out of 353,268 articles published by the [[American Physical Society]] since 1893 in journals such as [[Physical Review Letters]].<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| |date=21 January 2009
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| |title=How Google’s PageRank predicts Nobel Prize winners
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| |url=http://arxivblog.com/?p=1123
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| |accessdate=2009-11-06
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| }}</ref> The same research shows that most of the authors of the top-ranked papers are also Nobel Prize winners, which makes Cabibbo's exclusion seem all the more curious.
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| Later, Cabibbo researched applications of [[supercomputer]]s to address problems in modern physics with the experiments [[APE 100]] and [[APE 1000]].
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| Cabibbo supported attempts to rehabilitate executed Italian philosopher [[Giordano Bruno]], citing the apologies on [[Galileo Galilei]] as a possible model to correct the historical wrongs done by the Church.<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| |title=Un scientifique évoque la réhabilitation d'un théologien brûlé pour hérésie
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| |url=http://www.la-croix.com/afp.static/pages/090527172236.397lc0x6.htm
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| }} {{Fr icon}}</ref>
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| After his death in 2011, the [[Franklin Institute]] awarded him with the [[Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute)|Benjamin Franklin Medal]] in Physics.<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| |url=http://www.fi.edu/franklinawards/11/bf_physics.html
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| |title=Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics
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| |year=2011
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| |publisher=Franklin Institute
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| |accessdate=December 23, 2011
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| }}</ref>
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| ==Death==
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| He died from respiratory problems in a Rome hospital on August 16, 2010 at the age of 75.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| {{wikiquote}}
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| *[http://www.imss.fi.it/milleanni/cronologia/biografie/cabibbo%20.html Cabibbo biography] from the [[Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza]] {{It icon}}
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| *{{cite journal
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| | last1 = Parisi | first1 = Giorgio
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| | year = 2011
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| | title = Nicola Cabibbo
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| | journal = [[Physics Today]]
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| | volume = 64 | pages = 59
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| | doi = 10.1063/1.3554322
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| |bibcode = 2011PhT....64b..59P
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| | issue = 2 }}
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| {{S-start}}
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| {{S-rel|ca}}
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| {{Succession box
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| | before= [[Giovanni Battista Marini Bettòlo Marconi]]
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| | title = [[Chancellor (education)|President]] of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
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| | years = 6 April 1993 – 16 August 2010
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| | after = [[Werner Arber]]
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| }}
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| {{S-end}}
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| {{Authority control|VIAF=69021164}}
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| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| | NAME =Cabibbo, Nicola
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| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Italian physicist
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| | DATE OF BIRTH =10 April 1935
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| | PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Rome]], [[Italy]]
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| | DATE OF DEATH =16 August 2010
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| | PLACE OF DEATH = Rome, Italy
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| }}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Cabibbo, Nicola}}
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| [[Category:1935 births]]
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| [[Category:2010 deaths]]
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| [[Category:People from Rome]]
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| [[Category:Italian physicists]]
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| [[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
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| [[Category:Sapienza University of Rome faculty]]
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| [[Category:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
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| [[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
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| [[Category:Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences]]
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| [[Category:Theoretical physicists]]
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| [[Category:J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics recipients]]
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Hello and welcome. My title is Figures Wunder. Her spouse and her live in Puerto Rico but she will have to transfer one working day or an additional. Hiring is her working day job now and she will not alter it whenever quickly. To collect badges is what her family members and her enjoy.
Also visit my weblog :: at home std testing (click through the up coming document)