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The '''troland''' (symbol '''Td'''), named after [[Leonard T. Troland]], is a unit of ''conventional retinal illuminance''. It is meant as a method for correcting [[photometry (optics)|photometric]] measurements of [[luminance]] values impinging on the [[human eye]] by scaling them by the effective [[pupil]] size. It is equal to retinal illuminance produced by a surface whose luminance is one [[Nit (unit)|nit]] when the apparent area of the entrance pupil of the eye is 1 square milimeter. <ref> [http://www.answers.com/topic/troland answers.com]</ref>
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The troland typically refers to the ordinary or [[photopic]] troland, which is defined in terms of the photopic luminance:
:<math> \mathrm{T} = \mathrm{L} \times \mathrm{p} </math>
 
where ''L'' is the photopic luminance in [[candela|cd]] [[square metre|m<sup>-2</sup>]] and ''p'' is pupil area in mm<sup>2</sup>
 
A [[scotopic]] troland is also sometimes defined:
:<math> \mathrm{T'} =  \mathrm{L'} \times \mathrm{p} </math>
 
where ''L&prime;'' is the scotopic luminance in [[candela|cd]] [[square metre|m<sup>-2</sup>]] and ''p'' is pupil area in mm<sup>2</sup>
 
== Conversions to other units==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| 1 troland || 10 kcd/m^2  (kilocandelas per square meter)
|-
|          || 10000 cd/m^2  (candelas per square meter)
|-
|  || 1×10^7 mcd/m^2  (millicandelas per square meter)
|-
|  || 1×10^10 mucd/m^2  (microcandelas per square meter)
|-
|  || 1 cd/cm^2  (candela per square centimeter)
|-
| || 3.142 La  (lamberts) (unit officially deprecated)
|-
| || 2919 footlamberts (unit officially deprecated)
|-
|  || 2919 equivalent foot-candles (unit officially deprecated)
|-
| || 31416 blondels (unit officially deprecated)
|-
|  || 10000 nit  (nits) (unit officially deprecated)
|-
| || 3.142×10^7 skots (unit officially deprecated)
|-
| || 1 stilb (unit officially deprecated)
|} <ref name=wolframalpha.com>[http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=troland wolframalpha.com] </ref>
 
==Conversions from Other Units==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|1 kcd/m^2 || 0.1 trolands
|-
|1 cd/m^2 || 1×10^-4 trolands
|-
|1 mcd/m^2 || 1×10^-7 trolands
|-
|1 mucd/m^2 || 1×10^-10 trolands
|-
|1 cd/cm^2 || 1 troland
|-
|1 La || 0.3183 trolands
|-
|1 footlambert || 3.426×10^-4 trolands
|-
|1 equivalent foot-candle || 3.426×10^-4 trolands
|-
|1 blondel || 3.183×10^-5 trolands
|-
|1 nit || 1×10^-4 trolands
|-
|1 skot || 3.183×10^-8 trolands
|-
|1 stilb || 1 troland
|} <ref name=wolframalpha.com />  
 
==Physical quantities==
* luminance
*equivalent luminance <ref name=wolframalpha.com />
 
==Unit system==
centimeter-gram-second (cgs) <ref name=wolframalpha.com />
 
==Unit status==
officially deprecated <ref name=wolframalpha.com />
 
==Basic unit dimensions==
[length]^(-2) [luminous intensity] <ref name=wolframalpha.com />
 
==Comparisons==
* ≈ 0.8 × luminance of a kerosene candle (≈ 12000 cd/m^2 )
* ≈ luminance of a sperm candle (≈ 10000 cd/m^2 )
* ≈ luminance of an average daytime clear sky (≈ 8000 cd/m^2 )<ref name=wolframalpha.com />
 
==See also==
*[[Leonard T. Troland]]
*[[Troland Research Awards]]
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:Photometry]]
[[Category:Vision]]
[[Category:Non-SI metric units]]
[[Category:Units of illuminance]]

Latest revision as of 15:39, 4 November 2014

Thin people can often find out if they have cellulite by pinching the skin in between the thumb and forefinger. Charles is a certified wellness practitioner and a certified nutritionist. Have you ever thought about having a cellulite treatment. How delightfully it would be if you could lose weight by eating. However Retinol A may perhaps not be much powerful if it made use of by yourself.

Take glucosamine supplements to improve skin resilience. Put these 6 cellulite-removal tactics into work with your vegetarian lifestyle and do it for at least 10 days, you'll be able to reduce cellulite and see dramatic improvement in your skin appearance. Also, getting Smart - Lipo is not only safer, but is cheaper than traditional liposuction. Hormones play a dominant role in cellulite build up, especially estrogen which initiates and aggravates cellulite. Merely placed, bipolar RF gadgets have two electrodes.

The damage to the circulatory system may prevent the effective transport of oral medication. The workout moves were simple enough that just about anyone could do them, even a complete beginner. Do the task thoroughly and profoundly from top to bottom of the area. It enhances the total toxin removal from your body. Once celulite has been drastically reduced, you will no longer have to workout as hard.

Fortunately there are a couple of ways to drastically reduce it. It is the final solution to reducing the lumps caused by cellulite and giving you the smooth appearance that you always imagined. Nivea Reshaping Treatment uses Q10 and soy to achieve cellulite removal. Additionally, there are ancient practices like acupuncture those are natural ways to get rid of cellulite. The prevailing view remains that heredity plays an important role in the appearance of our skin.

Doing so, you allow your skin to become firmer and more consistent on the surface. Get the head approximately 7 ins away from the floor. Lasers and Light Therapy - This kind of treatment involves lasers while the affected area is being suctioned and is often touted as the best kind of cellulite therapy that money can buy. Cellulite is one of those things that affect both the slender and larger women. Moreover, it is an outpatient procedure so that patients can go home on the same day after the cellulite treatment and start their routine work just after 5 days of rest.

For more information about best way to get rid of cellulite take a look at our internet site.