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| {{other uses2|Steady state}}
| | Oscar is how he's known as and he totally loves this title. Body developing is what my family and I appreciate. For a whilst she's been in South Dakota. Managing people is his occupation.<br><br>my weblog; healthy food delivery ([http://Bit.ly/1pABYYJ advice here]) |
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| In [[systems theory]], a [[system]] in a '''steady state''' has numerous properties that are unchanging in time. This means that for those properties ''p'' of the system, the partial derivative with respect to time is zero:
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| : <math>\frac{\partial p}{\partial t} = 0</math>
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| The concept of steady state has relevance in many fields, in particular [[thermodynamics]], [[Steady state economy|economics]], and [[engineering]]. Steady state is a more general situation than
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| [[dynamic equilibrium]]. If a system is in steady state, then the recently observed behavior of the system will continue into the future. In [[stochastic]] systems, the probabilities that various states will be repeated will remain constant.
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| In many systems, steady state is not achieved until some time after the system is started or initiated. This initial situation is often identified as a [[transient state]], start-up or warm-up period.
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| While a dynamic equilibrium occurs when two or more reversible processes occur at the same rate, and such a system can be said to be in steady state, a system that is in steady state may not necessarily be in a state of dynamic equilibrium, because some of the processes involved are not reversible.
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| For example: The flow of [[fluid]] through a tube or electricity through a network could be in a steady state because there is a constant flow of fluid, or electricity. Conversely, a tank being drained or filled with fluid is a system in transient state, because its volume of fluid changes with time. | |
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| ==Applications==
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| === Economics ===
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| {{main|Steady state economy}}
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| A ''steady state economy'' is an economy of relatively stable size. It features stable population and stable consumption that remain at or below [[carrying capacity]]. The term typically refers to a national economy, but it can also be applied to the economic system of a city, a region, or the entire planet. Note that [[Robert Solow]] and [[Trevor Swan]] applied the term steady state a bit differently in their economic growth model. Their steady state occurs when investment equals depreciation, and the economy reaches equilibrium, which may occur during a period of growth.
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| === Electronics ===
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| {{main|Steady state (electronics)}}
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| In electronics, ''steady state'' is an equilibrium condition of a circuit or network that occurs as the effects of [[Transient (electricity)|transients]] are no longer important.
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| Steady state determination is an important topic, because many design specifications of electronic systems are given in terms of the steady-state characteristics. Periodic steady-state solution is also a prerequisite for small signal dynamic modeling. Steady-state analysis is therefore an indispensable component of the design process.
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| In some cases, it is useful to consider [[constant envelope]] vibration – vibration that never settles down to motionlessness, but continues to move at constant amplitude – a kind of steady-state condition.
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| === Chemistry ===
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| {{main|Steady state (chemistry)|Steady state (biochemistry)}}
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| In [[chemistry]], [[thermodynamics]], and other [[chemical engineering]], a ''steady state'' is a situation in which all [[thermodynamic variable|state variables]] are constant in spite of ongoing processes that strive to change them. For an entire system to be at steady state, i.e. for all state variables of a system to be constant, there must be a flow through the system (compare [[mass balance]]). One of the simplest examples of such a system is the case of a bathtub with the tap open but without the bottom plug: after a certain time the water flows in and out at the same rate, so the water level (the state variable being Volume) stabilizes and the system is at steady state. Of course the Volume stabilizing inside the tub depends on the size of the tub, the diameter of the exit hole and the flowrate of water in. Since the tub can overflow, eventually a steady state can be reached where the water flowing in equals the overflow plus the water out through the drain.
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| A steady state flow process requires conditions at all points in an apparatus remain constant as time changes. There must be no accumulation of mass or energy over the time period of interest. The same mass flow rate will remain constant in the flow path through each element of the system.<ref>Smith, J.M. & Van Ness, H.C. ''Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics'' 2nd edition (1959) McGraw-Hill p.34</ref> Thermodynamic properties may vary from point to point, but will remain unchanged at any given point.<ref>Zemansky, M.W. & Van Ness, H.C. ''Basic Engineering Thermodynamics'' (1966) McGraw-Hill p.244</ref>
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| === Electrical engineering ===
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| {{main|Steady state (electronics)}}
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| It is the ability of electrical machine or power system to regain its original/previous state is called Steady state stability.
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| <ref>[http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-system/chapter_9/9_1.html#steady Power System Analysis]</ref>
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| The stability of a system refers to the ability of a system to return to its steady state when subjected to a disturbance. As mentioned before, power is generated by synchronous generators that operate in synchronism with the rest of the system. A generator is synchronized with a bus when both of them have same frequency, voltage and phase sequence. We can thus define the power system stability as the ability of the power system to return to steady state without losing synchronism. Usually power system stability is categorized into '''Steady State, Transient and Dynamic Stability'''
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| Steady State Stability studies are restricted to small and gradual changes in the system operating conditions. In this we basically concentrate on restricting the bus voltages close to their nominal values. We also ensure that phase angles between two buses are not too large and check for the overloading of the power equipment and transmission lines. These checks are usually done using power flow studies.
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| Transient Stability involves the study of the power system following a major disturbance. Following a large disturbance the synchronous alternator the machine power (load) angle changes due to sudden acceleration of the rotor shaft. The objective of the transient stability study is to ascertain whether the load angle returns to a steady value following the clearance of the disturbance.
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| The ability of a power system to maintain stability under continuous small disturbances is investigated under the name of Dynamic Stability (also known as small-signal stability). These small disturbances occur due random fluctuations in loads and generation levels. In an interconnected power system, these random variations can lead catastrophic failure as this may force the rotor angle to increase steadily.
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| === Mechanical engineering ===
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| When a periodic force is applied to a mechanical system, it will typically reach steady state after going through some transient behavior. This is often observed in [[Vibration|vibrating]] systems, such as a [[Pendulum_clock|clock pendulum]], but can happen with any type of [[Stability_(disambiguation)#Engineering|stable]] or semi-stable dynamic system. The length of the transient state will depend on the initial conditions of the system. Given certain initial conditions a system may be in steady state from the beginning.
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| === Physiology ===
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| {{main|Homeostasis}}
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| '''Homeostasis''' (from [[List of Greek words with English derivatives|Greek]]: ὅμοιος, ''hómoios'', "similar"; and στάσις, ''stásis'', "standing still") is the property of a system, either [[open system (systems theory)|open]] or [[closed system|closed]], that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant condition. Typically used to refer to a living [[organism]], the concept came from that of [[milieu interieur]] that was created by [[Claude Bernard]] and published in 1865. Multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustment and regulation mechanisms make homeostasis possible.
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| ===Fiber optics===
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| In [[fiber optics]], "steady state" is a synonym for [[equilibrium mode distribution]].<ref>{{FS1037C MS188}}</ref>
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| ==See also==
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| {{colbegin}}
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| *[[Attractor]]
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| *[[Carrying capacity]]
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| *[[Control theory]]
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| *[[Dynamical system]]
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| *[[Ecological footprint]]
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| *[[Economic growth]]
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| *[[Engine test stand]]
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| *[[List of types of equilibrium]]
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| *[[Evolutionary economics]]
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| *[[Growth curve]]
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| *[[Herman Daly]]
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| *[[Homeostasis]]
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| *[[Limit cycle]]
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| *[[Limits to Growth]]
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| *[[Population dynamics]]
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| *[[Simulation]]
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| *[[State function]]
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| *[[Steady state economy]]
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| *[[Steady State theory]]
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| *[[Systems theory]]
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| *[[Thermodynamic equilibrium]]
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| {{colend}}
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Steady State}}
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| [[Category:Systems theory]]
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Oscar is how he's known as and he totally loves this title. Body developing is what my family and I appreciate. For a whilst she's been in South Dakota. Managing people is his occupation.
my weblog; healthy food delivery (advice here)