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| {{Year nav topic5|1975|science}}
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| The year '''1975 in science''' and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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| ==Astronomy and space exploration==
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| * April 19 – [[Aryabhata (satellite)|Aryabhata]], India's first satellite, is launched using [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] boosters.
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| * July 17 – [[Apollo-Soyuz]] Test Project: An American [[Apollo program|Apollo]] and a Soviet [[Soyuz spacecraft]] dock with each other in [[orbit]] marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
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| * August 20 – [[Viking program]]: [[NASA]] launches the [[Viking 1]] planetary probe toward [[Mars]].
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| ==Biology==
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| * August 7 – [[César Milstein]] and [[Georges Köhler]] report their discovery of how to use [[Hybridoma|hybridoma cells]] to isolate [[Monoclonal antibody|monoclonal antibodies]], effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kohler, G.; Milstein, C.|year=1975|title=Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=256|issue=5517|pages=495–497|pmid=1172191|doi=10.1038/256495a0|bibcode=1975Natur.256..495K}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Waldman|first=Thomas A.|year=2003|url=http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v9/n3/full/nm0303-269.html&filetype=pdf|format=PDF|title=Immunotherapy: past, present and future|journal=Nature Medicine|volume=9|pages=269–277|doi=10.1038/nm0303-269|pmid=12612576|issue=3| accessdate= 10 March 2005 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
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| * Living specimens of the [[Chacoan Peccary]] (''Catagonus wagneri''), previously known to scientists only from fossils, are identified in [[Paraguay]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Naish|first=Darren|authorlink=Darren Naish|title=New, obscure, and nearly extinct rodents of South America, and... when fossils come alive|url=http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology|work=Tetrapod Zoology|date=2008-11-24|accessdate=2008-12-13| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081216010917/http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology| archivedate= 16 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
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| ==Climatology==
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| * August 8 – The term ''[[global warming]]'' is probably first used in its modern sense by [[Wallace Smith Broecker]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Wallace S.|last=Broecker|title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=189|date=1975-08-08|pages=460–463|doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |bibcode = 1975Sci...189..460B|issue=4201}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Stefan|title=Happy 35th birthday, global warming!|url=http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2010/07/happy-35th-birthday-global-warming/|work=[[RealClimate]]|date=2010-07-28|accessdate=2012-01-28|quote=[Broecker's article is] the first of over 10,000 papers for this search term according to the ISI database of journal articles}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Brad|title=Wally's World|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/08/03/wallys_world|work=[[Foreign Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy]]|date=2010-08-03|accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref>
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| ==Computer science==
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| * January – [[Altair 8800]] is released, sparking the era of the [[microcomputer]].
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| * March 5 – [[Hacker (hobbyist)|Hacker]]s in [[Silicon Valley]] hold the first meeting of the [[Homebrew Computer Club]].
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| * April 4 – [[Bill Gates]] and [[Paul Allen]] form a company at this time called [[Microsoft|Micro Soft]] in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], to develop and sell [[BASIC]] [[Interpreter (computing)|interpreter]] software for the Altair 8800.
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| ==Mathematics==
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| * [[Benoit Mandelbrot]] coins the term ''[[fractal]]''.
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| * The [[Harada–Norton group]] is discovered.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Harada|first=Koichiro|title=Proceedings of the Conference on Finite Groups (Univ. Utah, Park City, Utah, 1975)|publisher=[[Academic Press]]|location=Boston, MA|mr=0401904|year=1976|chapter=On the simple group F of order <math>2^{14}\cdot 3^{6}\cdot 5^{6}\cdot 7\cdot 11\cdot 19</math>|pages=119–276}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Simon P.|last=Norton|title=F and other simple groups|publisher=PhD Thesis|location=University of Cambridge|year=1975}}</ref>
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| * The [[Monty Hall problem]] in [[probability]] is first posed, by [[Steve Selvin]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Selvin|first=Steve|year=1975|title=A problem in probability (letter to the editor)|journal=[[The American Statistician]]|volume=29|issue=1|page=67|date=February 1975}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Selvin|first=Steve|year=1975|title=On the Monty Hall problem (letter to the editor)|journal=American Statistician|volume=29|issue=3|page=134 |date=August 1975}}</ref>
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| ==Medicine==
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| * [[Lyme disease]] first recognised at [[Lyme, Connecticut]].
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| * [[Mini–mental state examination]] (MMSE) or Folstein test introduced to screen for [[dementia]] or other [[cognitive dysfunction]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Folstein, Marshal F.; Folstein, Susan E.; McHugh Paul R.|title="Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician|journal=Journal of Psychiatric Research|volume=12|issue=3|pages=189–98|date=November 1975|pmid=1202204|doi=10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6T8T-460XFH9-7V-1&_cdi=5095&_user=126524&_pii=0022395675900266&_origin=&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F1975&_sk=999879996&view=c&wchp=dGLbVzW-zSkWb&md5=a4fb31d896c7860b2e0422088920f1fc&ie=/sdarticle.pdf| accessdate= 10 August 2011 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
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| ==Awards==
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| * Nobel Prizes
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| ** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Aage Bohr]], [[Ben Roy Mottelson]], [[James Rainwater]]
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| ** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[John Warcup Cornforth]], [[Vladimir Prelog]]
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| ** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[David Baltimore]], [[Renato Dulbecco]], [[Howard Martin Temin]]
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| * [[Turing Award]] – [[Allen Newell]], [[Herbert A. Simon]]
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| ==Births==
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| * July 17 – [[Terence Tao]], Australian-born [[mathematician]].
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| ==Deaths==
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| * February 14 – Sir [[Julian Huxley]] (b. [[1887 in science|1887]]), English [[biologist]] and author.
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| * May 14 – [[Ernst Alexanderson]] (b. [[1878 in science|1878]]), [[Swedish American]] television pioneer.
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| * June 27 – Sir [[Geoffrey Ingram Taylor|Geoffrey Taylor]] (b. [[1886 in science|1886]]), English [[physicist]].
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| ==References==
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| <references />
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:1975 In Science}}
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| [[Category:1975 in science]]
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