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| {{Infobox scientist
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| | name = Heinrich Lenz
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| | image = Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz.jpg
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| | birth_date = {{Birth date|1804|2|12|df=yes}}
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| | birth_place = [[Tartu|Dorpat]], [[Russian Empire]]
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| | death_date = {{Death date and age|1865|2|10|1804|2|12|df=yes}}
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| | death_place = [[Rome, Italy]]
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| }}
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| '''Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz''' ({{lang-ru|'''Эмилий Христианович Ленц'''}}) (12 February 1804 – 10 February 1865) was a Russian [[physicist]] of [[Baltic Germans|Baltic German ethnicity]]. He is most noted for formulating [[Lenz's law]] in electrodynamics in 1833. The symbol <math>L</math>, conventionally representing [[inductance]], is chosen in his honor.<ref name="magnetlab">{{cite web | url=http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/pioneers/lenz.html | title=Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (1804-1865) | publisher=National High Magnetic Field Laboratory | accessdate=June 9, 2012}}</ref> | |
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| Lenz was born in [[Tartu|Dorpat]] (now Tartu, Estonia), the [[Governorate of Livonia]], in the [[Russian Empire]] at that time. After completing his secondary education in 1820, Lenz studied chemistry and physics at the [[University of Tartu|University of Dorpat]].<ref>{{DSB |first=Olga | last=Lezhneva | title=Lenz, Emil Khristianovich (Heinrich Fridrich Emil) | volume=8 | pages=187-189 }}</ref> He traveled with the navigator [[Otto von Kotzebue]] on his third expedition around the world from 1823 to 1826. On the voyage Lenz studied climatic conditions and the physical properties of [[seawater]]. The results have been published in "Memoirs of the [[St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]" (1831).
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| After the voyage, Lenz began working at the [[University of St. Petersburg, Russia]], where he later served as the Dean of Mathematics and Physics from 1840 to 1863 and was [[Rector (academia)|Rector]] from 1863 until his death in 1865. Lenz also taught at the [[Petrischule]] in 1830 and 1831, and at the [[Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy]].
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| Lenz had begun studying [[electromagnetism]] in 1831. Besides the law named in his honor, Lenz also independently discovered [[Joule's first law|Joule's law]] in 1842; to honor his efforts on the problem, it is also given the name the "Joule–Lenz law," named also for [[James Prescott Joule]].
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| Lenz eagerly participated in development of the [[electroplating]] technology, invented by his friend and colleague [[Moritz von Jacobi]]. In 1839, Lenz produced several [[medallion]]s using [[electrotyping]]. Along with the electrotyped relief produced by Jacobi the same year, these were the first instances of [[Galvanoplastic|galvanoplastic sculpture]].<ref>[http://www.galteh.ru/article_galvanotehnika.html History of electroplating in the 19th century Russia] {{ru icon}}</ref>
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| Lenz died in [[Rome, Italy]], after suffering from a stroke.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[List_of_Baltic_Germans#Scientists|List of Baltic German scientists]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==Further reading and bibliography==
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| * Lenz stated [[Lenz's Law]] in a paper published in 1834 titled "[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k151161/f499.image.r=lenz.langEN Ueber die Bestimmung der Richtung durch elektodyanamische Vertheilung erregten galvanischen Ströme]" (in ''[[Annalen der Physik und Chemie]]'', v. 31, p. 483). A partial translation of the paper is available in Magie, W.M. (1963). ''A Source Book in Physics.'' Harvard: Cambridge MA. pp. 511–513.
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/lenz.html Page on Lenz from a list of famous electroscientists]
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| *[http://cse.unl.ecdu/~jtooker/Files/Lenz.pdf Biography of Lenz]
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| {{Authority control|VIAF=67229324}}
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| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| | NAME = Lenz, Heinrich
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| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Lenz, Heinrich Friedrich Emil (birth name); Ленц, Эмилий Христианович (Russian)
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| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Russian physicist
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| | DATE OF BIRTH = 12 February 1804
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| | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Tartu|Dorpat]], [[Russian Empire]]
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| | DATE OF DEATH = 10 February 1865
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| | PLACE OF DEATH = [[Rome, Italy]]
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| }}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Lenz, Heinrich}}
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| [[Category:1804 births]]
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| [[Category:1865 deaths]]
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| [[Category:People from Tartu]]
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| [[Category:People from the Governorate of Livonia]]
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| [[Category:Baltic-German people]]
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| [[Category:Imperial Russian physicists]]
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| [[Category:German physicists]]
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| [[Category:Russian inventors]]
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| [[Category:Russian electrical engineers]]
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| [[Category:Full Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
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| [[Category:Military Engineering-Technical University faculty]]
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| [[Category:German electrical engineers]]
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| [[Category:People associated with electricity]]
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| [[Category:University of Tartu alumni]]
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| [[Category:Rectors of Saint Petersburg State University]]
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