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| In [[mathematics]], '''Serre's multiplicity conjectures''', named after [[Jean-Pierre Serre]], are certain purely algebraic problems, in [[commutative algebra]], motivated by the needs of [[algebraic geometry]]. Since [[André Weil]]'s initial definition of [[intersection number]]s, around 1949, there had been a question of how to provide a more flexible and computable theory.
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| Let ''R'' be a (Noetherian, commutative) [[regular local ring]] and ''P'' and ''Q'' be [[prime ideal]]s of ''R''. In 1958, Serre realized that classical algebraic-geometric ideas of multiplicity could be generalized using the concepts of [[homological algebra]]. Serre defined the [[intersection multiplicity]] of ''R/P'' and ''R/Q'' by means of the [[Tor functor]]s of [[homological algebra]], as
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| :<math>
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| \chi (R/P,R/Q):=\sum _{i=0}^{\infty}(-1)^i\ell_R (\mathrm{Tor} ^R_i(R/P,R/Q)).
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| </math>
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| This requires the concept of the [[length of a module]], denoted here by ''l<sub>R</sub>'', and the assumption that
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| :<math>
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| \ell _R((R/P)\otimes(R/Q)) < \infty.
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| </math>
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| If this idea were to work, however, certain classical relationships would presumably have to continue to hold. Serre singled out four important properties. These then became conjectures, challenging in the general case. (There are more general statements of these conjectures where ''R/P'' and ''R/Q'' are replaced by finitely generated modules: see Serre's Local Algebra for more details.)
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| ==Dimension inequality==
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| : <math>\dim(R/P) + \dim(R/Q) \le \dim(R)</math>
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| Serre proved this for all regular local rings. He established the following three properties when ''R'' is either of equal characteristic or of mixed characteristic and unramified (which in this case means that characteristic of the [[residue field]] is not an element of the square of the maximal ideal of the local ring), and conjectured that they hold in general.
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| ==Nonnegativity==
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| : <math>\chi (R/P,R/Q) \ge 0</math>
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| This was proven by [[Ofer Gabber]] in 1995.
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| ==Vanishing==
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| If
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| : <math>\dim (R/P) + \dim (R/Q) < \dim (R)\ </math>
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| then
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| : <math>\chi (R/P,R/Q) = 0.\ </math>
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| This was proven in 1985 by [[Paul C. Roberts]], and independently by [[Henri Gillet]] and [[Christophe Soulé]].
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| ==Positivity==
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| If
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| : <math>\dim (R/P) + \dim (R/Q) = \dim (R)\ </math> | |
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| then
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| : <math>\chi (R/P,R/Q) > 0.\ </math>
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| This remains open.
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Homological conjectures in commutative algebra]]
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| ==References==
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| * {{Citation | last1=Serre | first1=Jean-Pierre | title=Local algebra | publisher=Springer| location=Berlin | id={{MathSciNet | id = 1771925 }} | year=2000 | pages=106–110}}
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| * {{Citation | last=Roberts | first=Paul | title=The vanishing of intersection multiplicities of perfect complexes | publisher= Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 13, no. 2| id={{MathSciNet | id = 0799793 }} | year=1985 | pages=127–130}}
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| * {{Citation | last=Roberts | first=Paul | title=Recent developments on Serre's multiplicity conjectures: Gabber's proof of the nonnegativity conjecture | publisher= L' Enseign. Math. (2) 44 , no. 3-4| id={{MathSciNet | id = 1659224 }} | year=1998 | pages=305–324}}
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| * {{Citation | last=Berthelot | first=Pierre | title=Altérations de variétés algébriques (d'après A. J. de Jong) | publisher= Séminaire Bourbaki, Vol. 1995/96 , Astérisque No. 241 | id={{MathSciNet | id =1472543 }} | year=1997 | pages=273–311}}
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| * {{Citation | last1=Gillet | first1=H. | last2=Soulé | first2=C. |title=Intersection theory using Adams operations. | publisher= Invent. Math. 90, no. 2 | id={{MathSciNet | id = 0910201 }} | year=1987 | pages= 243–277}}
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| * {{Citation | last1=Gabber | first1=O. | title=Non-negativity of serre’s intersection multiplicities | publisher=Expos ́e `a L’IHES | year=1995}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Serre's Multiplicity Conjectures}}
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| [[Category:Commutative algebra]]
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| [[Category:Intersection theory]]
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| [[Category:Conjectures]]
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