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  |name              = Richard J. Herrnstein
  |image            =
  |image_size        =
  |caption          =
  |birth_date        = {{birth date|1930|05|20}}
  |birth_place      = [[New York City]]<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/16/obituaries/richard-herrnstein-64-dies-backed-nature-over-nurture.html?pagewanted=all "Richard Herrnstein, 64, Dies; Backed Nature Over Nurture"]</ref>
  |death_date      =  {{dda|1994|09|13|1930|05|20}}
  |citizenship      = [[United States|American]]
  |field            =
  |alma_mater        = [[Harvard University]]
  |doctoral_advisor  =
  |doctoral_students =
  |known_for        = [[Matching law]], ''[[The Bell Curve]]''
  |prizes            =
}}
 
'''Richard J. Herrnstein''' (May 20, 1930 – September 13, 1994) was an [[United States|American]] researcher in animal learning in the [[B. F. Skinner|Skinnerian]] tradition.  He was one of the founders of [[Society for Quantitative Analysis of Behavior|quantitative analysis of behavior]].
 
His major research finding as an experimental psychologist is called "[[matching law]]"—the tendency of animals to allocate their choices in direct proportion to the rewards they provide. To illustrate the phenomenon, imagine that there are two sources of reward, one of which is twice as rich as the other. Herrnstein found in his research that animals often chose at twice the frequency the alternative that was seemingly twice as valuable. This is known as  "matching," both in quantitative analysis of behavior and [[mathematical psychology]]". He also developed [[melioration theory]] with William Vaughan, Jr.
 
He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of [[psychology]] at [[Harvard University]] and worked with [[B. F. Skinner]] in the Harvard pigeon lab, where he did research on choice behavior and [[behavioral economics]].  In 1965, and with [[Edwin Boring]], Herrnstein authored ''A Source Book in the History of Psychology''.
 
Herrnstein's research focused first on natural concepts and [[Intelligence|human intelligence]] in the 1970s, and peaked in prolificacy with the publication of his and [[Charles Murray (author)|Charles Murray's]] controversial best-selling book, ''[[The Bell Curve]]''. Herrnstein died of [[peritoneal mesothelioma]] shortly before the book was released.
 
== The matching law ==
 
Perhaps Herrnstein's most notable accomplishment in this field was the formulation of the [[matching law]]. According to the matching law, choices are distributed according to rates of reinforcement for making those choices. An instance of this for two choices can be stated mathematically as
 
:<math>\frac{R_1}{R_1 + R_2} = \frac{r_1}{r_1 + r_2},</math>
 
where ''R''<sub>1</sub> and ''R''<sub>2</sub> are rates of response for two alternative responses, and ''r''<sub>1</sub> and ''r''<sub>2</sub> are rates of reinforcement for the same two responses. Behavior conforming to this law is 'matching,' and explanations of matching and departures from matching constitute a large and important part of the literature on behavioral choice.
 
==Selected bibliography==
*''A Source Book in the History of Psychology'', Edited by Richard J. Herrnstein, Edwin G. Boring, Harvard 1965 ISBN 0-674-82410-5
*''I.Q. in the Meritocracy'', Richard J. Herrnstein, Atlantic Monthly Press 1973
*''Crime and Human Nature: The Definitive Study of the Causes of Crime'', James Q. Wilson, Richard J. Herrnstein, The Free Press 1985 ISBN 0-684-85266-7
*{{Cite book |last1=Herrnstein |first1=Richard J. |last2=Murray |first2=Charles |title=The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life |location=New York |publisher=Free Press |isbn=0-02-914673-9 |year=1994  |laysummary=http://reason.com/archives/1995/03/01/cracked-bell |laydate=19 May 2013 |ref=harv }}
*''The Matching Law: Papers in Psychology and Economics by Richard J. Herrnstein'', Edited by Howard Rachlin, David I. Laibson, Harvard  1997 ISBN 0-674-06459-3
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
{{Authority control|VIAF=20221593}}
 
{{Persondata        <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
| NAME              = Herrnstein, Richard
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American psychologist
| DATE OF BIRTH    = May 20, 1930
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[New York]]
| DATE OF DEATH    = September 13, 1994
| PLACE OF DEATH    =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Herrnstein, Richard}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:American psychologists]]
[[Category:Behaviorism]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard University faculty]]
[[Category:Intelligence researchers]]
[[Category:Race and intelligence controversy]]
[[Category:Guggenheim Fellows]]

Latest revision as of 10:23, 11 January 2015

Most of the trophies from all among the members in your family get added up in addition to divided by 2 figure out your clans overall trophies. Playing many different kinds of games assists your gaming time more enjoyable. and your league also determines the actual battle win bonus. 5 star rating and still is known to be very addictive as players are known to devote several hours experiencing and enjoying the game. If you have any kind of inquiries concerning where and ways to make use of clash of clans hack no download, you could call us at our own page. She makes a speciality of beauty salon business investment and client fascination.

If you are purchasing a game with the child, appear for the one that allows several individuals to do together. Gaming is mostly a singular activity. Nonetheless, it's important to guide your youngster to continually be societal, and multiplayer battle of clans trucos events can do that. They allow siblings and buddies to all sit a while and laugh and strive to compete together.

Delight in unlimited points, resources, gold and silver coins or gems, you must definitely download the clash of clans get into tool by clicking in the button. Depending around operating system that you are using, you will will need to run the downloaded start as administrator. Provide the log in ID and choose the device. Promptly after this, you are want enter the number akin to gems or coins that you'd like to get.

Computing machine games offer entertaining that would everybody, and they are hands down surely more complicated as compared to Frogger was! Regarding get all you will be able to out of game titles, use the advice put out here. An individual might be going to find powerful exciting new world in gaming, and you will probably wonder how you at any time got by without one!

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Anyone have are the proud possessor of an ANY compact device that runs on iOS or android just as a touchscreen tablet equipment or a smart phone, then you definitely would have already been careful of the revolution making use of place right now within the world of mobile high-def game "The Clash Associated with Clans", and you would be in demand linked with conflict of families totally free of charge jewels compromise because more gems, elixir and sterling silver are needed seriously on the way to acquire every battle.

As your village grows, anyone could have to explore uncharted areas for Gold and Teak wood which are the 8 key resources you may want to expect to require when it comes to start of the hobby ( addititionally there happens to be Stone resource, that owners discover later inside our own game ). Due to your exploration, you can expect to stumble located on many islands whereby a person's villages happen to become held captive under BlackGuard slavery and you benefit from free Gold money if they are unoccupied.

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