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| [[Image:Simplicial complex example.svg|thumb|200px|A simplicial 3-complex.]]
| | The conclusion was that based on the data and a model considering environmental and genetic factors, researchers calculated a heritability rate of 82%-87% for peanut allergy. Secondly, this condition may also occur due to some medications, for instance anti-diabetic drugs. Application of aloe Vera to the body is also essential as it helps a person with hives heal quicker. There are of course many other ingredients which are known to be efficient in treating this pores and skin condition. During the winter months, a worker bee can live up to one hundred and forty days old. <br><br>Foods that include these foods should also be restricted. Those people suffering from hives are advised to drink a cup of warm water added with turmeric powder regularly. What this means is that the active ingredients of the hives remedy can go straight to work entering the bloodstream through the blood vessels of the tongue. The recommended time for harvesting is on a sunny day or when the bees are foraging for food. The space available on your block of land and the placement of the hive also need to be looked at. <br><br>If the weather turns too cold for too long, the clustered bees can't move around in the hive to get at their honey. Consider using a "smoker" as it is widely used by beekeepers. I was a country kid and our family loved barbecues where half the town was invited. Angioedema is like hives, only the welts are larger and form at a deeper layer in the skin. Insertions are done every 20 minutes over the period of a few hours. <br><br>But, there was no grounds to worry since they did not need to store the honey for future use. Don't take drugs (including aspirin, laxatives, sedatives, vitamins, antacids, pain killers or cough. Do not take medications such as coedine or aspirin. Using medicines of your respective is one reasons why will make the health of your respective urticaria angioedema more serious. The websites which describe how to get treat hives also advice affected people to dab milk of magnesia on the area which works pretty well because of the fact that it is alkaline. <br><br>You may also want to consider how you and your neighbors use pesticides before setting up a hive. It's time to enjoy the rising heights of Hengsha and chase down the hacker that has all of the answers, which means knocking out a bunch of mercenaries and sneaking into a very nice club. This can be quite painful and may take from six to eleven days to heal and resolve. You will find that the hives can appear on the face, arms, neck, or all over the body. If you decide to build your own hive, you must know the perfect type of wood that you will use in this. <br><br>1: It's the usual "first step" in the treating of hives. That's something that comes along with experience and training and cannot be learned with a simple search on the internet. So when hives come out of hiding, it's a good idea to avoid hot showers and generally keep your body cool until the outbreak passes. Many preschool children will recognize this popular bumblebee song from the Noggin channel. It also has anti-inflammatory properties and is excellent in treating digestive problems.<br><br>In the event you beloved this post and you wish to acquire details regarding [http://www.joygoldkind.info/sitemap/ hives how to treat] kindly check out our own web site. |
| [[Image:Simplicial complex nonexample.svg|thumb|200px|An arrangement of simplices that is not a valid simplicial complex.]]
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| In [[mathematics]], a '''simplicial complex''' is a [[topological space]] of a certain kind, constructed by "gluing together" [[Point (geometry)|point]]s, [[line segment]]s, [[triangle]]s, and their [[Simplex|''n''-dimensional counterparts]] (see illustration). Simplicial complexes should not be confused with the more abstract notion of a [[simplicial set]] appearing in modern simplicial homotopy theory. The purely combinatorial counterpart to a simplicial complex is an [[abstract simplicial complex]].
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| ==Definitions==
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| A '''simplicial complex''' <math>\mathcal{K}</math> is a set of [[simplices]] that satisfies the following conditions:
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| :1. Any [[Simplex#Elements|face]] of a simplex from <math>\mathcal{K}</math> is also in <math>\mathcal{K}</math>.
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| :2. The [[Set intersection|intersection]] of any two simplices <math>\sigma_1, \sigma_2 \in \mathcal{K}</math> is a face of both <math>\sigma_1</math> and <math>\sigma_2</math>.
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| Note that the empty set is a face of every simplex. See also the definition of an [[abstract simplicial complex]], which loosely speaking is a simplicial complex without an associated geometry.
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| A '''simplicial ''k''-complex''' <math>\mathcal{K}</math> is a simplicial complex where the largest dimension of any simplex in <math>\mathcal{K}</math> equals ''k''. For instance, a simplicial 2-complex must contain at least one triangle, and must not contain any tetrahedra or higher-dimensional simplices.
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| A '''pure''' or '''homogeneous''' simplicial ''k''-complex <math>\mathcal{K}</math> is a simplicial complex where every simplex of dimension less than ''k'' is a face of some simplex <math>\sigma \in \mathcal{K}</math> of dimension exactly ''k''. Informally, a pure 1-complex "looks" like it's made of a bunch of lines, a 2-complex "looks" like it's made of a bunch of triangles, etc. An example of a ''non''-homogeneous complex is a triangle with a line segment attached to one of its vertices.
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| A '''facet''' is any simplex in a complex that is ''not'' a face of any larger simplex. (Note the difference from a "face" of a simplex). A pure simplicial complex can be thought of as a complex where all facets have the same dimension.
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| Sometimes the term ''face'' is used to refer to a simplex of a complex, not to be confused with a face of a simplex.
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| For a simplicial complex embedded in a ''k''-dimensional space, the ''k''-faces are sometimes referred to as its '''cells'''. The term ''cell'' is sometimes used in a broader sense to denote a set [[Homeomorphism|homeomorphic]] to a simplex, leading to the definition of [[cell complex]].
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| The '''underlying space''', sometimes called the '''carrier''' of a simplicial complex is the [[union (set theory)|union]] of its simplices. | |
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| ==Closure, star, and link==
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| <table> | |
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| <td>[[Image:Simplicial complex closure.png|thumb|350px|Two <span style="color:#B99A01;">simplices</span> and their <span style="color:#40864B;">'''closure'''</span>.]]</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td>[[Image:Simplicial complex star.png|thumb|350px|A <span style="color:#B99A01;">simplex</span> and its <span style="color:#40864B;">'''star'''</span>.]]</td>
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| <td>[[Image:Simplicial complex link.png|thumb|350px|A <span style="color:#B99A01;">simplex</span> and its <span style="color:#40864B;">'''link'''</span>.]]</td>
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| </tr>
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| </table>
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| Let ''K'' be a simplicial complex and let ''S'' be a collection of simplices in ''K''.
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| The '''closure''' of ''S'' (denoted Cl ''S'') is the smallest simplicial subcomplex of ''K'' that contains
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| each simplex in ''S''. Cl ''S'' is obtained by repeatedly adding to ''S'' each face of every simplex in ''S''.
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| The '''star''' of ''S'' (denoted St ''S'') is the set of all simplices in ''K'' that have any faces in ''S''. (Note that the star is generally not a simplicial complex itself).
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| The '''link''' of ''S'' (denoted Lk ''S'') equals Cl St ''S'' - St Cl ''S''.
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| It is the closed star of ''S'' minus the stars of all faces of ''S''.
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| ==Algebraic topology==
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| In [[algebraic topology]] simplicial complexes are often useful for concrete calculations. For the definition of [[homology group]]s of a simplicial complex, one can read the corresponding [[chain complex]] directly, provided that consistent orientations are made of all simplices. The requirements of [[homotopy theory]] lead to the use of more general spaces, the [[CW complex]]es. Infinite complexes are a technical tool basic in [[algebraic topology]]. See also the discussion at [[polytope]] of simplicial complexes as subspaces of Euclidean space, made up of subsets each of which is a [[simplex]]. That somewhat more concrete concept is there attributed to [[Pavel Sergeevich Alexandrov|Alexandrov]]. Any finite simplicial complex in the sense talked about here can be embedded as a polytope in that sense, in some large number of dimensions. In algebraic topology a compact topological space which is homeomorphic to the geometric realization of a finite simplicial complex is usually called a [[polyhedron]] (see {{harvnb|Spanier|1966}}, {{harvnb|Maunder|1996}}, {{harvnb|Hilton|Wylie|1967}}).
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| ==Combinatorics==
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| [[Combinatorics|Combinatorialists]] often study the '''f-vector''' of a simplicial d-complex Δ, which is the [[integer|integral]] sequence <math>(f_0, f_1, f_2, ..., f_{d+1})</math>, where ''f<sub>i</sub>'' is the number of (''i''−1)-dimensional faces of Δ (by convention, ''f''<sub>0</sub> = 1 unless Δ is the empty complex). For instance, if Δ is the boundary of the [[octahedron]], then its f-vector is (1, 6, 12, 8), and if Δ is the first simplicial complex pictured above, its ''f''-vector is (1, 18, 23, 8, 1). A complete characterization of the possible f-vectors of simplicial complexes is given by the [[Kruskal–Katona theorem|Kruskal-Katona theorem]].
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| By using the f-vector of a simplicial d-complex Δ as coefficients of a [[polynomial]] (written in decreasing order of exponents), we obtain the '''f-polynomial''' of Δ. In our two examples above, the ''f''-polynomials would be <math>x^3+6x^2+12x+8</math> and <math>x^4+18x^3+23x^2+8x+1</math>, respectively.
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| Combinatorists are often quite interested in the '''h-vector''' of a simplicial complex Δ, which is the sequence of coefficients of the polynomial that results from plugging ''x''−1 into the f-polynomial of Δ. Formally, if we write ''F''<sub>Δ</sub>(''x'') to mean the ''f''-polynomial of Δ, then the '''h-polynomial''' of Δ is
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| :<math>F_\Delta(x-1)=h_0x^{d+1}+h_1x^d+h_2x^{d-1}+...+h_dx+h_{d+1}</math>
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| and the h-vector of Δ is
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| :<math>(h_0, h_1, h_2, ..., h_{d+1}).</math>
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| We calculate the h-vector of the octahedron boundary (our first example) as follows:
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| :<math>F(x-1)=(x-1)^3+6(x-1)^2+12(x-1)+8=x^3+3x^2+3x+1.</math>
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| So the h-vector of the boundary of the octahedron is (1, 3, 3, 1). It is not an accident this h-vector is symmetric. In fact, this happens whenever Δ is the boundary of a simplicial [[polytope]] (these are the [[Dehn-Sommerville equations]]). In general, however, the h-vector of a simplicial complex is not even necessarily positive. For instance, if we take Δ to be the 2-complex given by two triangles intersecting only at a common vertex, the resulting h-vector is (1, 3, −2).
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| A complete characterization of all simplicial polytope h-vectors is given by the celebrated [[g-theorem]] of [[Richard P. Stanley|Stanley]], Billera, and Lee.
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| Simplicial complexes can be seen to have the same geometric structure as the contact graph of a sphere packing (a graph where vertices are the centers of spheres and edges exist if the corresponding packing elements touch each other) and as such can be used to determine the combinatorics of [[sphere packing]]s, such as the number of touching pairs (1-simplices), touching triplets (2-simplices), and touching quadruples (3-simplices) in a sphere packing.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Abstract simplicial complex]]
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| * [[Barycentric subdivision]]
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| * [[Causal dynamical triangulation]]
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| * [[Polygonal chain]]{{spaced ndash}} 1 dimensional simplicial complex
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| ==References==
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| *{{citation|last=Spanier|first=E.H.|title=Algebraic Topology|year=1966|publisher=Springer|isbn=0-387-94426-5}}
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| *{{citation|last=Maunder|first=C.R.F.|title=Algebraic Topology|year=1996|publisher=Dover|isbn=0-486-69131-4}}
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| *{{citation|last=Hilton|first=P.J.|last2=Wylie|first2=S.|title=Homology Theory|year=1967|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-09422-4}}
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| ==External links==
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| * {{mathworld | urlname = SimplicialComplex | title = Simplicial complex}}
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| [[Category:Topological spaces]]
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| [[Category:Algebraic topology]]
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| [[Category:Simplicial sets]]
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| [[Category:Triangulation (geometry)]]
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The conclusion was that based on the data and a model considering environmental and genetic factors, researchers calculated a heritability rate of 82%-87% for peanut allergy. Secondly, this condition may also occur due to some medications, for instance anti-diabetic drugs. Application of aloe Vera to the body is also essential as it helps a person with hives heal quicker. There are of course many other ingredients which are known to be efficient in treating this pores and skin condition. During the winter months, a worker bee can live up to one hundred and forty days old.
Foods that include these foods should also be restricted. Those people suffering from hives are advised to drink a cup of warm water added with turmeric powder regularly. What this means is that the active ingredients of the hives remedy can go straight to work entering the bloodstream through the blood vessels of the tongue. The recommended time for harvesting is on a sunny day or when the bees are foraging for food. The space available on your block of land and the placement of the hive also need to be looked at.
If the weather turns too cold for too long, the clustered bees can't move around in the hive to get at their honey. Consider using a "smoker" as it is widely used by beekeepers. I was a country kid and our family loved barbecues where half the town was invited. Angioedema is like hives, only the welts are larger and form at a deeper layer in the skin. Insertions are done every 20 minutes over the period of a few hours.
But, there was no grounds to worry since they did not need to store the honey for future use. Don't take drugs (including aspirin, laxatives, sedatives, vitamins, antacids, pain killers or cough. Do not take medications such as coedine or aspirin. Using medicines of your respective is one reasons why will make the health of your respective urticaria angioedema more serious. The websites which describe how to get treat hives also advice affected people to dab milk of magnesia on the area which works pretty well because of the fact that it is alkaline.
You may also want to consider how you and your neighbors use pesticides before setting up a hive. It's time to enjoy the rising heights of Hengsha and chase down the hacker that has all of the answers, which means knocking out a bunch of mercenaries and sneaking into a very nice club. This can be quite painful and may take from six to eleven days to heal and resolve. You will find that the hives can appear on the face, arms, neck, or all over the body. If you decide to build your own hive, you must know the perfect type of wood that you will use in this.
1: It's the usual "first step" in the treating of hives. That's something that comes along with experience and training and cannot be learned with a simple search on the internet. So when hives come out of hiding, it's a good idea to avoid hot showers and generally keep your body cool until the outbreak passes. Many preschool children will recognize this popular bumblebee song from the Noggin channel. It also has anti-inflammatory properties and is excellent in treating digestive problems.
In the event you beloved this post and you wish to acquire details regarding hives how to treat kindly check out our own web site.