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| [[File:Novgorod Monument LOC 06268u.jpg|300px|thumb|The [[Millennium of Russia]] monument in [[Veliky Novgorod]], featuring the statues and reliefs of the most celebrated people in the first 1000 years of [[Russian history]].]]
| | Hi! <br>My name is Patsy and I'm a 25 years old boy from Sweden.<br><br>Look into my web page: [http://heljiu.com/plus/guestbook.php fifa coin generator] |
| [[File:1000 Prosvetiteli.jpg|300px|thumb|''Men of enlightenment'' at the [[Millennium of Russia]]]]
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| [[File:1000 Gos cheloveki.jpg|300px|thumb|''Statesmen'' at the [[Millennium of Russia]]]]
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| [[File:1000 Voina cheloveki.jpg|300px|thumb|''Military men and heroes'' at the [[Millennium of Russia]]]]
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| [[File:1000 Art cheloveki.jpg|300px|thumb|''Writers and artists'' at the [[Millennium of Russia]]]]
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| This is a list of people associated with the modern [[Russia|Russian Federation]], the [[Soviet Union]], [[Imperial Russia]], [[Russian Tsardom]], the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]], and other predecessor states of Russia.
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| Regardless of ethnicity or emigration, the list includes famous natives of Russia and its predecessor states, as well as people who were born elsewhere but spent most of their active life in Russia. For more information, see the articles [[Russians]] and [[Demographics of Russia]]. For specific lists of Russians, see [[:Category:Lists of Russian people]] and [[:Category:Russian people]].
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| ==Statesmen and military==
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| ===Monarchs===
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| {{Main|Russian rulers}}
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| *'''[[Rurik]]''', ruler of [[Novgorod]], progenitor of the [[Rurikid Dynasty]], traditionally the first ruler of Russia[[File:1000 Vladimir 2.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Vladimir the Great]]]]
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| *'''[[Oleg the Seer|Oleg]]''' ''"the Seer"'', conqueror of [[Kiev]] and founder of [[Kievan Rus']], famous for his wars with [[Byzantium]]
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| *'''[[Igor of Kiev|Igor]]''' ''"the Old"'', the first historically well-attested [[Rurikid]] ruler
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| *'''[[St. Olga|Olga]]''', the first woman ruler of Rus' ([[regent]]), the first [[Christian]] among Russian rulers
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| *'''[[Vladimir of Kiev|Vladimir I]]''' ''"the Great"'', turned from pagan to saint and enacted the [[Christianization of Kievan Rus']]
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| *'''[[Yaroslav of Kiev|Yaroslav I]]''' ''"the Wise"'', reigned in the period when Kievan Rus' reached the zenith of its cultural flowering and military power, founder of [[Yaroslavl]]
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| *'''[[Vladimir II Monomakh]]''', defender of Rus' from [[Cuman]] nomads, presided over the end of the [[Golden Age]] of Kiev
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| *'''[[Yury I]]''' ''"the Long-Handed"'', founder of Moscow and the key figure in transition of political power from Kiev to [[Vladimir-Suzdal]]
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| [[File:Alexander Newski.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Alexander Nevsky]]]]
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| *'''[[Vsevolod the Big Nest|Vsevolod]]''' ''"the Big Nest"'', the Grand Prince of Vladimir during its Golden Age, had 14 children
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| *'''[[Alexander Nevsky]]''', [[Prince of Novgorod]] and Grand Prince of Vladimir, military hero famous for the [[Battle of Neva]] and the [[Battle of the Ice]], [[patron saint]] and the ''[[Name of Russia (Russia TV)|Name of Russia]]''
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| *'''[[Ivan Kalita|Ivan I]]''' ''"the Moneybag"'', brought wealth and power to Moscow by maintaining his loyalty to the [[Golden Horde]] and acting as its chief tax collector in Russia
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| *'''[[Simeon Gordy|Simeon]]''' ''"the Proud"'', continued the policies of his father Ivan I, died of the [[Black Death]][[File:Ivan III of Russia 3.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Ivan the Great]]]]
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| *'''[[Dmitry Donskoy]]''', saint and war hero, the first Prince of Moscow to openly challenge Mongol authority in Russia, famous for the [[Battle of Kulikovo]]
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| *'''[[Ivan III]]''' ''"the Great"'', reunited the Central and Northern Rus', [[Great stand on the Ugra river|put an end]] to the [[Mongol yoke]], brought [[Renaissance architecture]] to Russia
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| *'''[[Ivan the Terrible|Ivan IV]]''', the first [[Tsar of Russia]], called ''"the Terrible"'' in the West; transformed Russia into a multiethnic, multiconfessional, and [[transcontinental state]]
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| *'''[[Boris Godunov]]''', the first non-Rurikid monarch[[File:Ivan the Terrible (cropped).JPG|90px|thumb|[[Ivan the Terrible]]]]
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| *'''[[False Dmitriy I]]''', the first impostor during the [[Time of Troubles]]
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| *'''[[Vasili IV]] [[Shuisky]]''', Tsar elected during the Time of Troubles
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| *'''[[False Dmitry II]]''', the second impostor during the Time of Troubles
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| *'''[[Tsar Michael|Mikhail]]''', the first [[Romanov Dynasty|Romanov]] monarch, oversaw the largest ever expansion of Russia's territory, reaching the Pacific
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| [[File:Peter der-Grosse 1838 PR.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Peter the Great]]]]
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| *'''[[Peter the Great|Peter I]]''' ''"the Great"'', the first Russian Emperor, polymath craftsman and inventor, modernized [[Imperial Russian Army|Russian Army]] and westernized culture, won the [[Great Northern War]], founded the [[Russian Navy]] and the new capital [[Saint Petersburg]]
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| *'''[[Catherine the Great|Catherine I]]''', the first Russian Empress
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| *'''[[Elizabeth of Russia|Elizabeth]]''', ''"the Merry Empress"'' during the era of high [[Baroque]]
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| *'''[[Catherine the Great|Catherine II]]''' ''"the Great"'', German-born Russian Empress during the [[Age of Enlightenment]], significantly expanded Russia's territory
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| [[File:Скульптура Екатерины II в "Русском Музее", г.Санкт-Петербург (2).jpg|90px|thumb|[[Catherine the Great]]]]
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| *'''[[Aleksandr II|Alexander II]]''' ''"the Liberator"'', enacted the "Great Reforms" in Russian economy and social structure, including the [[emancipation reform of 1861]]
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| *'''[[Nicholas II]]''', the last actual Emperor, forced to abdicate after the [[February Revolution]], killed with his family during the [[Russian Civil War]]
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| ===Statesmen of the Tsardom and Empire===
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| {{Main|Russian Prime Ministers|Russian Foreign Ministers|Russian Ministers of War}}
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| *'''[[Aleksey Arakcheyev]]''', Minister of War of Alexander I, organized [[military-agricultural colonies]][[File:Golytsin GIM.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Vasily Golitsyn]]]]
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| *'''[[Abram Gannibal]]''', he was a general and military engineer of [[Black African]] origin, governor of [[Reval]], the great-grandfather of [[Alexander Pushkin]] and hero of his novel ''[[Peter the Great's Negro]]''
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| *'''[[Vasily Golitsyn]]''', 17th century commander of the Russian Army, Foreign Minister and a favourite of [[Tsarevna Sophia]], abolished [[mestnichestvo|rank priority]] in the military, concluded [[Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686]] with Poland, one of the most educated Russians of the time[[File:Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Alexander Gorchakov]]]]
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| *'''[[Fyodor Alexeyevich Golovin|Fyodor Golovin]]''', associate of Peter the Great, [[General Admiral]], the first Russian [[Field Marshal]] and [[Chancellor]], the first Russian count and the first to receive the [[Order of St.Andrew]], negotiated the [[Treaty of Nerchinsk]] and the [[Treaty of Karlowitz]]
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| *'''[[Alexander Gorchakov]]''', Foreign Minister and Chancellor of Alexander II, a friend and rival of [[Otto von Bismarck]], denounced the [[Treaty of Paris (1856)]], advocated the [[League of the Three Emperors]]
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| *'''[[Ivan Goremykin]]''', twice the Prime Minister of Imperial Russia
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| [[File:A. Menshikov (Kuskovo).jpg|90px|thumb|[[Aleksandr Menshikov]]]]
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| *'''[[Alexander Kerensky]]''', the second and the last Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government
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| *'''[[Franz Lefort]]''', tutor of Peter the Great, general and diplomat, oversaw the foundation of the [[Russian Navy]][[File:Ордин-Нащокин.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin]]]]
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| *'''[[Georgy Lvov]]''', the first Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government
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| *'''[[Aleksandr Menshikov]]''', associate and friend of Peter the Great, de facto ruler of Russia for two years after Peter's death, [[Generalissimus]], Prince, the first [[Governor of Saint Petersburg]]
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| *'''[[Pavel Milyukov]]''', founder of the [[Constitutional Democratic Party]], Foreign Minister in the Russian Provisional Government
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| *'''[[Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky]]''', governor of the East Siberia, coloniser of the [[Priamurye]] and [[Primorye]], concluded the [[Treaty of Aigun]] and the [[Treaty of Beijing (1860)]] with China
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| *'''[[Karl Nesselrode]]''', Foreign Minister of Alexander II and Nicholas I, a leading European conservative statesman of the [[Holy Alliance]]
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| *'''[[G. G. Orlov|Grigory Orlov]]''', favourite of Catherine the Great who enthroned her, progenitor of [[Bobrinsky]] family, founder of the [[Free Economic Society]], owner of the [[Orlov Diamond]][[File:Портрет Сперанского Михаила Михайловича.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Mikhail Speransky]]]]
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| *'''[[Konstantin Pobedonostsev]]''', tutor to Alexander III and [[Éminence grise]] of his imperial politics
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| *'''[[Grigory Potyomkin|Grigory Potyomkin-Tavrichesky]]''', a favourite of Catherine II, conqueror and the first governor of [[Novorossiya]], founder of [[Sevastopol]] and [[Yekaterinoslav]]
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| *'''[[Grigori Rasputin]]''', [[mysticism|mystic]] and healer who influenced the latter politics of Nicholas II
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| *'''[[Kirill Razumovsky]]''', the last [[Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks]], the president of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]]
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| *'''[[Nikolay Rumyantsev]]''', Foreign Minister during the [[French invasion of Russia]], founder of the [[Rumyantsev Museum]]
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| *'''[[Mikhail Speransky]]''', the chief reformer during the reign of Alexander I, father of Russian [[liberalism]], oversaw the publication of the ''Full Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire''[[File:Vorontsova-Dashkova.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Ekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova]]]]
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| *'''[[Pyotr Stolypin]]''', Interior Minister and then Prime Minister, put down the [[Russian Revolution of 1905]], initiated [[Stolypin reform]]
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| *'''[[Ekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova]]''', the closest female friend of [[Catherine the Great]], a major figure of the Russian Enlightenment, a director of the [[Imperial Academy of Arts and Sciences]] and the founder of [[Russian Academy]]
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| *'''[[Sergei Witte]]''', Finance Minister who later became the first [[Prime Minister of Russia]], presided over extensive [[industrialization]] of the country, and supervised the construction of the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]]
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| ===Soviet leaders and statesmen===
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| {{Main|Soviet leaders|Soviet Premiers|Soviet heads of state|Soviet Foreign Ministers}}
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| *'''[[Nikolai Bukharin]]''', [[Politburo]] member in the 1920s, editor of government newspapers ''[[Pravda]]'' and ''[[Izvestia]]'', author of ''[[The ABC of Communism]]''
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| *'''[[Nikolai Bulganin]]''', [[Soviet Premier]] in 1937–38 and in 1955–58, supporter of Khrushchev
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| *'''[[Konstantin Chernenko]]''', leader of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1984–85
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| *'''[[Feliks Dzerzhinsky]]''', founder of the [[Cheka]], the first [[Soviet secret police]], worked on the problem of [[street children]] socialization[[File:Lenin CL Colour.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Vladimir Lenin]]]]
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| *'''[[Mikhail Gorbachev]]''' the last [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|General Secretary of the Communist Party]], launched the policies of [[glasnost]] and [[perestroika]], the only president of the [[Soviet Union]] who led it to its collapse
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| *'''[[Mikhail Kalinin]]''', formal [[Head of state of the Soviet Union]] during the 1920s and 1930s
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| *'''[[Nikita Khrushchev]]''', leader of the Soviet Union in 1953–1964, launched [[de-Stalinisation]] and many erratic policies, backed the progress of the early [[Soviet space program]]
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| *'''[[Alexei Kosygin]]''', Soviet Premier under Brezhnev, author of the eventually stifled [[1965 Soviet economic reform|Kosygin reform]] which included elements of [[capitalist]] management[[File:Molotov.bra.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Vyacheslav Molotov]]]]
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| *'''[[Vladimir Lenin]]''', founder of [[Bolshevik party]], the leader of the [[October Revolution]], the first Soviet head of state in 1917–1922, founder of the [[Soviet Union]], creator of [[Leninism]]
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| *'''[[Anatoly Lunacharsky]]''', the first Soviet Minister of Enlightenment
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| *'''[[Georgy Malenkov]]''', a close associate of Stalin, Soviet Premier and one of the leaders after Stalin's death
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| *'''[[Vyacheslav Molotov]]''' Soviet Premier in the 1930s, Foreign Minister during World War II, a close associate of Stalin
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| *'''[[Yakov Sverdlov]]''', the first ''de jure'' head of the [[Russian SFSR]]
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| *'''[[Mikhail Suslov]]''', leading [[ideologist]] during the Brezhnev era[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R15068, Leo Dawidowitsch Trotzki.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Leon Trotsky]]]]
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| *'''[[Gennady Yanayev]]''', the leader of the [[August Coup]] that attempted to depose Gorbachev
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| *'''[[Nikolai Yezhov]]''', Interior Minister and head of the NKVD during the period of the [[Great Purge]], was executed soon after
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| ===Presidents and contemporary politicians===
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| {{Main|Russian Presidents|Russian Prime Ministers}}
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| *'''[[Viktor Chernomyrdin]]''', [[Prime Minister of Russia]] for the most of 1990s
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| *'''[[Yegor Gaidar]]''', Prime Minister in 1992, launched the controversial ''[[shock therapy (economics)|shock therapy]]'' reforms aimed into installation of liberal market economy in Russia
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| *'''[[Boris Gryzlov]]''', current [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of Russia's [[State Duma]] (the lower house of parliament) and a leader of the ruling [[United Russia]] party
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| *'''[[Mikhail Fradkov]]''', Prime Minister in 2004–07, currently the head of [[Russian Foreign Intelligence Service]]
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| *'''[[Sergei Kiriyenko]]''', Prime Minister in 1998, currently the head of [[Rosatom]] (the state nuclear energy corporation)
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| [[File:Dmitry Medvedev official large photo -1.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Dmitry Medvedev]]]]
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| *'''[[Yury Luzhkov]]''', [[Mayor of Moscow]] from 1992 to 2010
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| *'''[[Valentina Matviyenko]]''', governor of [[St. Petersburg]] since 2003 to 2011
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| *'''[[Dmitry Medvedev]]''', [[President of Russia]] in 2008-2012
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| *'''[[Sergei Mironov]]''', current Speaker of Russia's [[Federation Council]] (the upper house of parliament) and a leader of the [[Fair Russia]] party
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| *'''[[Yevgeny Primakov]]''', Foreign Minister in 1996–98 and Prime Minister in 1998–1999, presided over the start of economic recovery and a significant change of the foreign policy
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| *'''[[Vladimir Putin]]''', the second [[President of Russia]] in 2000–2008 and again since 2012, [[Prime Minister of Russia]] in 1999–2000 and 2008-2012[[File:Vladimir Putin-5 edit.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Vladimir Putin]]]]
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| *'''[[Anatoly Sobchak]]''', first post-Soviet mayor of St. Petersburg
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| *'''[[Sergei Stepashin]]''', Prime Minister in 1999, currently the head of the Account Chamber of Russia (the state audit agency)
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| *'''[[Boris Yeltsin]]''', the first President of Russia in 1991–1999
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| *'''[[Vladimir Zhirinovsky]]''', founder and the leader of the [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]], Vice-Chairman of the State Duma
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| *'''[[Gennady Zyuganov]]''', head of the [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation]] since 1993
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| ===Military===
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| ====Army====
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| {{Main|Russian Field Marshals|Soviet Marshals}}
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| *'''[[Mikhail Annenkov]]''', conqueror of [[Central Asia]], builder of the strategical [[Transcaspian Railway]][[File:Vasily Chapaev.gif|thumb|90px|[[Vasily Chapaev]]]]
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| *'''[[Ivan Bagramyan]]''', [[Soviet Marshal]], prominent in the [[Baltic Offensive]] during World War II
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| *'''[[Pyotr Bagration]]''', general and hero of the [[Napoleonic Wars]], mortally wounded in the [[Battle of Borodino]]
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| *'''[[Aleksandr Baryatinsky]]''', Field Marshal, perfected the [[mountain warfare]] tactics of the Russian Army, captured [[Imam Shamil]] during the [[Caucasian War]]
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| *'''[[Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky]]''', leader of the first Russian military expeditions into Central Asia, founder of [[Krasnovodsk]]
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| *'''[[Vasily Blücher]]''', one of the first five Soviet Marshals, prominent in the [[Russian Civil War]] and the [[Northern Expedition]] in China
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| *'''[[Maria Bochkareva]]''', founder of the [[Women's Battalion of Death]] during [[World War I]]
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| *'''[[Aleksei Brusilov]]''', World War I General, led the tactically innovative [[Brusilov Offensive]], destroying the military of [[Austria-Hungary]] almost completely[[File:D davydov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Denis Davydov]]]]
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| *'''[[Semyon Budyonny]]''', Civil War commander, statesman, triple [[Hero of the Soviet Union]]
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| *'''[[Vasily Chapayev]]''', legendary Civil War commander, prototype for ''[[Chapaev (film)|Chapaev]]'' movie and ''[[Chapayev and Void]]'' novel, hero of many [[Russian jokes]]
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| *'''[[Mikhail Chernyayev]]''', general, captured [[Tashkent]] during the conquest of Central Asia, the Governor of [[Russian Turkestan]]
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| *'''[[Vasily Chuikov]]''', commander and hero in the [[Battle of Stalingrad]], Soviet Marshal, double HSU
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| *'''[[Denis Davydov]]''', general, guerilla fighter and soldier-poet of the Napoleonic Wars, invented a genre of ''[[hussar]] poetry'' noted for its hedonism and bravado
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| *'''[[Anton Denikin]]''', Civil War general, one of the leaders of [[White Movement]]
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| *'''[[Hans Karl von Diebitsch-Zabalkansky]]''', Field Marshal, took [[Adrianople]] during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)]]
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| *'''[[Nadezhda Durova]]''', ''"the Cavalry Maiden"'', a female hero of the Napoleonic wars
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| *'''[[Alexander Gorbatyi-Shuisky]]''', [[voevoda]] of Tsar [[Ivan IV]], hero of the [[Russo-Kazan Wars]] and the final [[Siege of Kazan (1552)]][[File:Nadezhda Durova.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nadezhda Durova]]]]
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| *'''[[Leonid Govorov]]''', World War II Soviet Marshal, led [[Operation Spark (1943)]] which broke the [[blockade of Leningrad]]
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| *'''[[Andrei Grechko]]''', World War II Soviet Marshal, [[Soviet Defence Minister]] under Brezhnev
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| *'''[[Ivan Gudovich]]''', Field Marshal, conquered [[Khadjibey]] and [[Anapa]] in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)]], conquered [[Dagestan]] in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)]]
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| *'''[[Iosif Gurko]]''', commander and hero of the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)]], won the battles of [[Battle of Shipka Pass|Shipka Pass]], [[Battle of Gorni Dubnik|Gorni Dubnik]] and [[Battle of Plovdiv (1878)|Plovdiv]], liberated the Bulgarian capital [[Sofia]]
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| *'''[[Mikhail Frunze]]''', revolutionary, a prominent Civil War commander
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| *'''[[Konstantin Kaufmann]]''', conqueror of the [[Khanate of Khiva]], the first governor of [[Russian Turkestan]]
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| *'''[[Ivan Konev]]''', Soviet Marshal, led [[Red Army]] on the Eastern Front,[[File:Kutuzov by Volkov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Kutuzov]] double HSU]]
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| *'''[[Lavr Kornilov]]''', World War I general, notable for [[Kornilov Affair]]
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| *'''[[N. I. Krylov|Nikolay Krylov]]''', Soviet Marshal, commander of the [[Strategic Rocket Forces]] under Brezhnev, double HSU
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| *'''[[Mikhail Kutuzov]]''', hero of the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)]], defeated [[Napoleon]]'s [[Grande Armée]] during [[French invasion of Russia]] in 1812, turning the tide of the Napoleonic Wars
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| *'''[[Andrey Kurbsky]]''', associate and then a leading political opponent of Tsar Ivan IV, hero of the [[Russo-Kazan Wars]]
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| *'''[[Peter Lacy]]''', Field Marshal, led the [[Siege of Danzig (1734)]], commander-in-chief during [[Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)]]
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| *'''[[Rodion Malinovsky]]''', Soviet Marshal, prominent at the [[Battle of Stalingrad]] and the [[Battle of Budapest]], [[Soviet Defense Minister]] under Khrushchev
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| *'''[[Alexander Matrosov]]''', World War II soldier, self-sacrificed himself to win the battle, [[Hero of the Soviet Union]][[File:RokossovskyKK.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Konstantin Rokossovsky]]]]
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| *'''[[Aleksandr Menshikov]]''', associate of [[Peter the Great]], Field Marshal in the Great Northern War, won the principal [[Battle of Poltava]]
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| *'''[[Kirill Meretskov]]''', Soviet Marshal, led the [[Petsamo–Kirkenes Offensive]] which liberated the northern Norway from Nazi occupation, prominent in the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]]
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| *'''[[Mikhail Miloradovich]]''', hero of the Napoleonic Wars, killed in attempt to pacify the [[Decembrist revolt]]
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| *'''[[Kuzma Minin]]''', national hero, merchant who led Russia's struggle for independence against Poland-Lithuania during the [[Time of Troubles]]
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| *'''[[Burkhard Christoph von Münnich]]''', Field Marshal, statesman, founder of the first [[Cadet Corps in Russia]], led the [[Siege of Danzig (1734)]], commander-in-chief during [[Russo-Austrian-Turkish War (1735–1739)]]
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| *'''[[Rodion Oslyabya]]''', a monk from [[Trinity Sergius Lavra]], hero of the [[Battle of Kulikovo]]
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| *'''[[Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken]]''', conquered the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] and governed Paris during the [[War of the Sixth Coalition]]
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| *'''[[Ivan Panfilov]]''', World War II general, hero of the [[Battle of Moscow]], the commander of ''[[8th Guards Rifle Division|Panfilovtsy]]'', HSU[[File:Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky]]]]
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| *'''[[Ivan Paskevich]]''', hero and commander in the [[Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)]] and the [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)]], crushed the Polish [[November Uprising]] and the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]
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| *'''[[Lyudmila Pavlichenko]]''', World War II [[Soviet sniper]], credited with 309 kills, the most successful female sniper in history
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| *'''[[Alexander Peresvet]]''', a monk from Trinity Sergius Lavra, hero of the [[Battle of Kulikovo]], fought with the Tatar champion Chelubey in [[single combat]] where they killed each other
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| *'''[[Grigory Potyomkin-Tavrichesky]]''', conqueror and coloniser of [[Novorossiya]], reformer of the Russian Army, led the [[Siege of Ochakov (1788)]] during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)]]
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| *'''[[Dmitry Pozharsky]]''', national hero, prince who led Russia's struggle for independence against Poland-Lithuania during the [[Time of Troubles]]
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| *'''[[Alexander Prozorovsky]]''', commander-in-chief during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)]]
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| *'''[[Nikolay Raevsky]]''', hero of the Napoleonic Wars and the [[Battle of Borodino]][[File:Roza Shanina.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Roza Shanina]]]]
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| *'''[[Anikita Repnin]]''', Field Marshal in the Great Northern War, conquer and the first governor of [[Riga]]
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| *'''[[Nicholas Repnin]]''', Field Marshal and diplomat, hero of the Russo-Turkish wars, key man in the [[Partitions of Poland]], pacified the Germans in the [[War of the Bavarian Succession]]
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| *'''[[Konstantin Rokossovsky]]''', Soviet and Polish Marshal, Defense Minister of Poland, double HSU, oversaw the main Soviet battle operations of the [[Eastern Front (World War II)]], commanded the [[Moscow Victory Parade of 1945]]
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| *'''[[Grigory Romodanovsky]]''', leading Russian general of Tsar Alexey's reign, commander-in-chief during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)]]
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| *'''[[Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1856–1929)|Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich]]''', commander-in-chief of the Russian Army at the start of [[World War I]], then commanded the [[Caucasus]] front
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| *'''[[Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky]]''', hero of the Seven Years' War, won the battles of [[Battle of Larga|Larga]] and [[Battle of Kagul|Kagula]] and concluded the [[Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74]] by the [[Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca]], military writer
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| *'''[[Pyotr Saltykov]]''', most prominent Russian commander-in-chief during the [[Seven Years’ War]],[[File:M Skobelev.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Skobelev]]]] won the [[battle of Paltzig]] and the [[battle of Kunersdorf]], captured Berlin
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| *'''[[Igor Sergeyev]]''', the only [[Marshal of the Russian Federation]], Defense Minister in the late 1990s
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| *'''[[Roza Shanina]]''', World War II Soviet sniper, 54 confirmed kills
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| *'''[[Boris Shaposhnikov]]''', Soviet Marshal, Chief of the General Staff during the start of the German invasion, military theorist and author of ''[[Mozg Armii|The Brain of the Army]]''
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| *'''[[Aleksei Shein]]''', the first Russian [[Generalissimo]], commander-in-chief during [[Azov campaigns]]
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| *'''[[Boris Sheremetev]]''', Field Marshal in the Great Northern War, won the [[battle of Erastfer]] and the [[battle of Poltava]]
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| *'''[[Ivan Sidorenko]]''', World War II Soviet sniper, over 500 confirmed kills
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| *'''[[Mikhail Skobelev]]''', the ''"White General"'', conqueror of Central Asia and hero of the [[Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78]]
| |
| *'''[[S. L. Sokolov|Sergei Sokolov]]''', Soviet Marshal, chief commander during the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]][[File:Suvorov Alex V.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Alexander Suvorov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Sokolovsky]]''', Soviet Marshal, prominent in the [[Battle of Moscow]] and the [[Battle of Kursk]], military theorist
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Suvorov]]''', greatest Russian general of the 18th century, [[Generalissimo]] who never lost a battle, won at [[Siege of Kinburn (1787)|Kinburn]], [[Ochakov]] and [[Battle of Focşani|Focşani]] during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)]], crushed [[Kościuszko Uprising]], led an outstanding [[Italian and Swiss expedition]], author of ''The Science of Victory''
| |
| *'''[[Semyon Timoshenko]]''', World War II Soviet Marshal, won the [[Winter War]], senior professional officer of the Red Army at the start of the German invasion
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Tolbukhin]]''', World War II Soviet Marshal, liberated [[Bulgaria]] and [[Yugoslavia]]
| |
| *'''[[Michael Barclay de Tolly]]''', Field Marshal, led a strategic retreat during the [[French invasion of Russia]], led Russian Army to Paris in the [[War of the Sixth Coalition]]
| |
| *'''[[Gennady Troshev]]''', chief general during the [[Second Chechen War]], [[Hero of Russia]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Tukhachevsky]]''', Red Army commander during the [[Russian Civil War]], Soviet Marshal, military theorist
| |
| *'''[[Dmitriy Ustinov]]''', Soviet Marshal, proponent of the [[Soviet space program]], Defence Minister in the late Brezhnev era
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Vasilevsky]]''', Soviet Marshal, Chief of the [[Soviet General Staff]] during most of World War II, led the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]], double HSU
| |
| *'''[[M. S. Vorontsov|Mikhail Vorontsov]]''', Field Marshal, hero of the Napoleonic Wars, captured [[Varna]] in the [[Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)]], led decisive campaigns of the [[Caucasian War]]
| |
| *'''[[Eduard Totleben]]''', general and military engineer, hero of the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)]]
| |
| *'''[[Kliment Voroshilov]]''', Civil War commander, statesman, double HSU
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Vorotynsky]]''', defeated the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[Crimean Khanate]] army in the [[Battle of Molodi]], eliminating the threat of Ottoman expansion into Russia
| |
| *'''[[Peter Wittgenstein]]''', Field Marshal, defended [[St Petersburg]] in 1812, hero of the [[War of the Sixth Coalition]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Yakubovsky]]''', Soviet Marshal, commander-in-chief of the [[Warsaw Pact]] under Brezhnev, double HSU
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Yermolov]]''', hero of the Napoleonic Wars and the [[Battle of Borodino]], military ruler of the Caucasus at the start of the [[Caucasian War]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Yeryomenko]]''', World War II Soviet Marshal, prominent in the [[Battle of Stalingrad]]
| |
| *'''[[Yunus-bek Yevkurov]]''', paratrooper, commander of Russian peacekeepers during the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]], [[Head of Ingushetia]], [[Hero of Russia]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Zaytsev]]''', [[Soviet sniper]], killed 412 enemy soldiers and officers, including 6 snipers, a hero of the [[Battle of Stalingrad]]
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Zhukov]]''', Soviet Marshal, Chief of the General Staff and representative of [[STAVKA]], four times the [[Hero of the Soviet Union]], oversaw all the main Soviet battle operations of the [[Eastern Front (World War II)]], inspected the [[Moscow Victory Parade of 1945]]
| |
| | |
| ====Navy====
| |
| {{main|Russian Admirals}}
| |
| {{col-begin}}
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Apraksin]]''', [[General Admiral]], won the [[Battle of Gangut]] during the [[Great Northern War]], led the Russian Navy in the [[Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)]][[File:Apraxin.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Fyodor Apraksin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Aksel Berg]]''', Admiral and scientist, major developer of [[radiolocation]] and [[cybernetics]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Chichagov]]''', [[Admiral]], polar explorer, won the battles of [[Battle of Öland (1789)|Öland]], [[Battle of Reval|Reval]] and [[Battle of Vyborg Bay (1790)|Vyborg Bay]], effectively bringing the [[Russo-Swedish War of 1788-90]] to an end
| |
| *'''[[Cornelius Cruys]]''', Vice-Admiral, the first commander of the [[Russian Baltic Fleet]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Dubasov]]''', Admiral, placed [[Dalny]] and [[Lüshunkou|Port Arthur]] under Russian control
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Gorshkov]]''', Admiral, led major landing operations during WII, commander-in-chief of the [[Soviet Navy]] during most of the [[Cold War]]
| |
| *'''[[Samuel Greig]]''', Admiral, won the [[Battle of Chesma]] during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)]] and the [[Battle of Hogland]] during the [[Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Grigorovich]]''', Admiral, chief of Port Arthur's port during the [[Siege of Port Arthur]][[File:Chichagov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Vasily Chichagov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Istomin]]''', Rear-Admiral, hero of the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)]] during the [[Crimean War]], died in action
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Kolchak]]''', Admiral, polar explorer, a leader of the [[White movement]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Kornilov]]''', Vice-Admiral, hero of the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)]], died in the [[Battle of Malakoff]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Krabbe]]''', Admiral and Naval Minister, co-founded the first Russian naval bases in [[Primorsky Krai]], oversaw the development of [[naval artillery]] and [[ironclad]] ships
| |
| *'''[[N. G. Kuznetsov|Nikolay Kuznetsov]]''', Admiral, World War II commander-in-chief of the [[Soviet Navy]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lazarev]]''', Admiral, three times [[circumnavigator]] and discoverer of Antarctica,[[File:Pavel Nakhimov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Pavel Nakhimov]]]] destroyed five enemy warships as a commander of ''[[Russian ship Azov (1826)|Azov]]'' in the [[Battle of Navarino]], tutor to Nakhimov, Kornilov and Istomin
| |
| *'''[[Stepan Makarov]]''', Vice-Admiral, inventor and explorer, performed the first ever successful [[torpedo]] attack (during the [[Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878]]), built the first [[torpedo boat tender]] and the [[first polar icebreaker]], author of the [[insubmersibility]] theory, killed in the Russo-Japanese War when his ship struck a [[naval mine]]
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Nakhimov]]''', Admiral, circumnavigated the world with Mikhail Lazarev, fought in the [[Battle of Navarino]], annihilated the Ottoman fleet in the [[Battle of Sinope]], commander and hero at the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Alexandrovich Popov|Andrey Popov]]''', Admiral, hero of the Crimean War, led a Russian flotilla to support the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] during the [[American Civil War]], designed the first true Russian battleship ''[[Russian battleship Petr Velikyy (1872)|Pyotr Velikiy]]''[[File:AdmFFUshakoffByBazhanoff-e.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Fyodor Ushakov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[José de Ribas]]''', Vice-Admiral, founder of [[Odessa]], hero of the [[Siege of Izmail]]
| |
| *'''[[Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich]]''', General Admiral and Naval Minister during the [[Russo-Japanese War]]
| |
| *'''[[Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich]]''', General Admiral and statesman, oversaw the rapid transition of the Russian Navy to [[ironclad warship]]s
| |
| *'''[[Alexei Senyavin]]''', re-established the [[Don Military Flotilla]] and played a crucial role in Russia's gaining access to the [[Black Sea]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Senyavin]]''', Admiral, won the [[battle of the Dardanelles (1807)]] and the [[battle of Athos]] against Ottomans during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]
| |
| *'''[[Naum Senyavin]]''', Vice-Admiral, won the [[Battle of Osel]] during the Great Northern War
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Spiridov]]''', Admiral, destroyed the Ottoman fleet in the [[Battle of Chesma]] during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)]]
| |
| *'''[[Jean de Traversay]]''', Admiral, commanded the [[Russian Black Sea Fleet]] and [[Russian Baltic Fleet]], organised early [[Russian circumnavigations]][[File:Василий Степанович Завойко.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Vasily Zavoyko]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Tributs]]''', Admiral, a leading navy commander during the [[Siege of Leningrad]], led the [[Soviet evacuation of Tallinn]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Ushakov]]''', the most illustrious [[Russian Admiral]] of the 18th century, saint, won the battles of [[Battle of Fidonisi|Fidonisi]], [[Battle of Kerch Strait (1790)|Kerch Strait]], [[Battle of Tendra|Tendra]] and [[Battle of Cape Kaliakra|Cape Kaliakra]] during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)]], single-handedly carved out the Greek [[Septinsular Republic]], did not lose a single ship in 43 battles
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Yumashev]]''', Admiral, reclaimed Southern [[Sakhalin]] and [[Kuril Islands]] for the USSR during the [[Soviet–Japanese War (1945)]], commander-in-chief of the Soviet Navy in the late 1940s
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Zavoyko]]''', fought in the Battle of Navarino, twice circumavigated the globe, explored the estuary of the [[Amur River]], repelled the superior British-French forces in the [[Siege of Petropavlovsk]] during the [[Crimean War]]
| |
| *'''[[Matija Zmajević]]''', Vice-Admiral, hero of the [[battle of Gangut]] and the [[battle of Grengam]] during the Great Northern War
| |
| | |
| ====Air Force====
| |
| {{main|Russian aviators}}
| |
| *'''[[Yekaterina Budanova]]''', [[World War II]] pilot, one of the world's two female [[fighter ace]]s[[File:Chkalov 1937.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Valery Chkalov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Valery Chkalov]]''', leader of the first ultralong flight from Moscow to the [[Russian Far East]], leader of the first [[transcontinental flight]] by [[airplane]] over the [[North Pole]], [[Hero of the Soviet Union]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Devyatayev]]''', fighter pilot known for his incredible escape aboard a stolen bomber from a [[Nazi]] [[concentration camp]] on the Baltic island of [[Usedom]], [[Hero of the Soviet Union|HSU]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Gastello]]''', the first Soviet pilot to direct his burning aircraft on a ground target, HSU
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Golovanov]]''', [[Chief Marshal]] of Aviation at the end of World War II, commander of [[Long Range Aviation]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Gritsevets]]''', fighter ace during the [[Spanish Civil War]] and the [[Battle of Khalkhin Gol]], the first to become twice the [[Hero of the Soviet Union]]
| |
| *'''[[Valentina Grizodubova]]''', one of the first Soviet female pilots and [[Heroes of the Soviet Union]], set a record for woman's ultralong flights
| |
| *'''[[M. M. Gromov|Mikhail Gromov]]''', set a record during the transcontinental flight over the [[North Pole]], founded the [[Gromov Flight Research Institute]], HSU[[File:Gromov Mihail Mihajlovich 1934.jpg|thumb|90px|'''[[Mikhail Gromov (aviator)|Gromov]]''']]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Ilyushin]]''', [[test pilot]] for [[OKB Sukhoi]], HSU
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Kamanin]]''', polar aviator, among the first to receive the title [[Hero of the Soviet Union]], trained the first ever [[cosmonaut]]s, including [[Yuri Gagarin]], [[Gherman Titov]] and [[Alexei Leonov]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Kazakov]]''', most successful Russian [[flying ace]] of [[World War I]], the first to perform an [[aerial ramming]] and survive
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Kokkinaki]]''', most famous Soviet [[test pilot]], set twenty-two world records, a president of the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]], double HSU
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Kozhedub]]''', top fighter ace in the aviation of the [[Allies of World War II]], credited with 62 individual victories, thrice the [[Hero of the Soviet Union]]
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Kutakhov]]''', World War II fighter ace, [[Chief Marshal]] of Aviation under [[Leonid Brezhnev]], double HSU
| |
| *'''[[Sigismund Levanevsky]]''', polar aviator, among the first to receive the title [[Hero of the Soviet Union]], died in a transpolar flight attempt[[File:KozhedubIN.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Ivan Kozhedub]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Anatoly Liapidevsky]]''', polar aviator, the very first person to receive the title [[Hero of the Soviet Union]], [[General Major]] of Aviation
| |
| *'''[[Lydia Litvyak]]''', World War II pilot, one of the world's two female [[fighter ace]]s, HSU
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Maresyev]]''', World War II fighter ace, HSU, the prototype for ''[[The Story of a Real Man]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Nagurski]]''', the first [[polar aviator]], World War I flying ace
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Nesterov]]''', inventor and pioneer of [[aerobatics]], the first pilot to perform the [[aerobatic loop]], died in the world's first [[aerial ramming]] during [[World War I]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Novikov]]''', [[Chief Marshal]] of Aviation during [[World War II]], double HSU
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Pepelyaev]]''', top Soviet fighter ace in the [[Korean War]], HSU
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Pokrovsky]]''', World War I flying ace, the first Russian pilot to capture an enemy plane and pilot
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Pokryshkin]]''', World War II fighter ace, credited with 59 individual victories, triple [[Hero of the Soviet Union]], Marshal of Aviation[[File:Lydia Litvyak.JPG|thumb|90px|[[Lydia Litvyak]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Prokofiev]]''', balloonist who coordinated military stratospheric balloon program in 1930s, set world record in [[altitude]] on ''[[USSR-1]]''
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Pugachyov]]''', test pilot and pioneer of [[supermaneuverability]], the first to show [[Pugachev's Cobra]] maneuver of [[Su-27]]
| |
| *'''[[Endel Puusepp]]''', long-range bomber pilot, famous for flying a Soviet delegation over the front line from Moscow to [[Washington, D.C.]] and back to negotiate the opening of the [[Western Front (World War II)|Western Front]], HSU
| |
| *'''[[Marina Raskova]]''', navigator, founder of the three female air regiments during [[World War II]], HSU
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeniya Rudneva]]''', World War II bomber pilot, one of the ''[[Night Witches]]'', HSU
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeniya Shakhovskaya]]''', the first woman military pilot
| |
| *'''[[Mark Shevelev]]''', World War II Soviet polar aviation commander, HSU
| |
| *'''[[Lev Shestakov]]''', top Soviet fighter ace during the [[Spanish Civil War]], HSU[[File:Nesterovpn.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Pyotr Nesterov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Yakov Smushkevich]]''', commanded the Soviet aviation in the [[Spanish Civil War]] and the [[Battle of Khalkhin Gol]], double HSU
| |
| *'''[[Nelson Stepanyan]]''', World War II [[dive bomber]] pilot, destroyed scores of enemy ships, tanks, cars, planes and guns, double HSU
| |
| *'''[[Amet-khan Sultan]]''', World War II fighter ace, double HSU, test pilot, died on a crash
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Sutyagin]]''', top [[Korean War]] Soviet fighter ace, HSU
| |
| *'''[[Victor Talalikhin]]''', World War II fighter ace, among the first to perform [[aerial ramming]] at night, HSU
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Vitruk]]''', World War II fighter ace, [[Major General]] of Aviation, [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] and the [[Hero of Yugoslavia]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Vodopianov]]''', polar aviator, among the first to receive the title [[Hero of the Soviet Union]], commanded the first [[World War II]] Soviet air raid on Berlin in 1941
| |
| *'''[[Yekaterina Zelenko]]''', World War II pilot, the only woman ever to have performed and died in [[aerial ramming]], HSU
| |
| | |
| ==Religion==
| |
| | |
| ===Orthodox leaders===
| |
| {{Main|Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow}}
| |
| | |
| *'''[[Metropolitan Alexius]]''', saint, ruled Russia during Prince [[Dmitry Donskoy]]'s minority[[File:Patriarch Kirill of Moscow .jpg|90px|thumb|[[Patriarch Kirill]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Patriarch Alexy I]]''', the longest serving Patriarch in the Soviet era
| |
| *'''[[Patriarch Alexy II]]''', the first post-Soviet Patriarch, oversaw the period of major church restoration and religious renaissanse
| |
| *'''[[Metropolitan Isidore]]''', attempted a reunion with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], which instead led to independence of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]
| |
| *'''[[Patriarch Job]]''', the last Metropolitan and the first [[Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia]]
| |
| *'''[[Patriarch Kirill]]''', current [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia]][[File:Philaret.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Patriarch Philaret]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Metropolitan Macarius]]''', saint, prominent [[iconographer]]
| |
| *'''[[Patriarch Nikon]]''', introduced major church reforms which eventually led to a lasting [[Schism (religion)|schism]] in the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], known as ''[[Raskol]]''
| |
| *'''[[Metropolitan Philaret]]''', saint, the principal Russian theologician of the 19th century
| |
| *'''[[Patriarch Philaret]]''', ''de facto'' ruler of Russia during the minority of his son, [[Tsar Mikhail]]
| |
| *'''[[Patriarch Pimen]]''', oversaw the end of the persecution of Christianity in the Soviet Union and the 1000th anniversary of the [[Baptism of Rus']][[File:Tikhon of Moscow.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Patriarch Tikhon]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergius I of Moscow|Patriarch Sergius]]''', led the Russian Orthodox Church during World War II, when the earlier Soviet militant atheism was scaled down and the Church was re-legalised
| |
| *'''[[Patriarch Tikhon]]''', the first [[Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia]] after restoration of the Patriarchate in the early Soviet era
| |
| | |
| ===Orthodox saints===
| |
| {{Main|Russian saints}}
| |
| {{See also|Orthodox Saints Index}}
| |
| | |
| *'''[[Alexander Nevsky]]''', [[Prince of Novgorod]] and Vladimir, military hero, [[patron saint]] and the ''[[Name of Russia (Russia TV)|Name of Russia]]''[[File:Святые Борис и Глеб.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Boris and Gleb]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Rublev]]''', famous [[Russian icons|icon-painter]], author of the ''[[Trinity (Andrei Rublev)|Trinity]]''
| |
| *'''[[Anthony of Kiev]]''', co-founder of the [[Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], the first [[monastery]] in Russia
| |
| *'''[[Basil Fool for Christ]]''', [[yurodivy]] who gave his name to [[St. Basil's Cathedral]] on the [[Red Square]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris and Gleb]]''', children of [[Vladimir the Great]], the first saints canonized in [[Kievan Rus']]
| |
| *'''[[Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (born 1582)|Tsarevich Dmitry]]''', son of [[Ivan IV]], mysteriously died or killed, later impersonated by the impostors [[False Dmitry I]] and [[False Dmitry II]] during the [[Time of Troubles]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Donskoy]]''', war hero, the first Prince of Moscow to openly challenge Mongol authority in Russia
| |
| *'''[[Feodor Kuzmich]]''', [[starets]] who according to a legend was in fact [[Alexander I of Russia]] who faked his death to become a hermit
| |
| *'''[[Ioakim Korsunianin]]''', the first bishop of [[Novgorod the Great]] and builder of the original wooden [[Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod]]
| |
| *'''[[John of Shanghai and San Francisco]]''', a leader of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia]]
| |
| *'''[[Kirill of Beloozero]]''', founder of [[Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery]][[File:Serafim sarofckii.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Seraphim of Sarov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Maximus the Greek]]''', 16th century [[Humanism|humanist]] scholar
| |
| *'''[[Nicholas II of Russia]]''', the last Russian Emperor, killed in the [[Russian Civil War|Civil War]] with his family; [[Canonization of the Romanovs|they were beatified]] as [[new-martyr]]s
| |
| *'''[[Nicholas of Japan]]''', brought the [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] to Japan
| |
| *'''[[Olga of Kiev]]''', the first [[Christian]] among Russian rulers[[File:Sergius von Radonezh.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Sergius of Radonezh]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Savvatiy]]''', founder of [[Solovetsky Monastery]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergius of Radonezh]]''', patron saint of Russia, spiritual and monastic reformer, founder of the [[Trinity Sergius Lavra]], blessed Dmitry Donskoy for the [[Battle of Kulikovo]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir I of Kiev]]''' ''"the Great"'', Kievan Prince who turned from pagan to saint and enacted the [[Christianization of Kievan Rus']]
| |
| | |
| ==Explorers==
| |
| {{main|Russian explorers}}
| |
| | |
| ===Siberian explorers===
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Atlasov]]''', explorer and coloniser of [[Kamchatka]][[File:Semyon Dezhnyov by Brodsky.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Semyon Dezhnyov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Beketov]]''', discoverer of [[Buryatia]], founder of [[Yakutsk]] and [[Chita, Russia|Chita]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Chersky]]''', geologist and explorer of [[Siberia]], explained the origin of Lake Baikal
| |
| *'''[[Semyon Dezhnyov]]''', discoverer of [[Kolyma]], [[Chukchi Peninsula]], [[Bering Strait]] and [[Extreme points of Asia|the east extrimity]] of [[Eurasia]], [[Cape Dezhnyov]]
| |
| *'''[[Johann Georg Gmelin]]''', traveled over 34,000 km through [[Siberia]], discovered that the [[Caspian Sea]] lies below the ocean level
| |
| *'''[[Kurbat Ivanov]]''', discoverer of [[Lake Baikal]], author of the earliest maps of the [[Russian Far East]] and the Bering Strait area
| |
| *'''[[Yerofey Khabarov]]''', the second Russian to explore the [[Amur River]], founder of [[Khabarovsk]]
| |
| *'''[[Stepan Krasheninnikov]]''', explorer and author of the first detailed description of [[Kamchatka]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Middendorf]]''', explorer of the [[Taymyr Peninsula]], founder of [[permafrost]] science, discoverer of [[Putorana Plateau]]
| |
| *'''[[Nicolae Milescu]]''', explorer of Siberia and China, the first to point out Baikal's unfathomable depth[[File:Nikolay-Muravyov-Amursky.png|thumb|90px|[[Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Moskvitin]]''', the first Russian to reach the Pacific Ocean, discoverer of the [[Sea of Okhotsk]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky]]''', explorer and coloniser of the [[Amurland]] and [[Primorsky Krai]]
| |
| *'''[[Gennady Nevelskoy]]''', founder of [[Nikolayevsk-on-Amur]], proved that [[Sakhalin]] is an island
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Obruchev]]''', geologist, explorer of Siberia and [[Central Asia]], wrote the comprehensive ''Geology of Siberia'' and two popular [[science fiction]] and travel novels, ''[[Hollow Earth|Plutonia]]'' and ''[[Sannikov Land]]''
| |
| *'''[[Maksim Perfilyev]]''', discoverer of [[Transbaikalia]], founder of [[Yeniseysk]] and [[Bratsk]]
| |
| *'''[[Fedot Popov]]''', discoverer of Chukotka and the [[Bering Strait]], possible discoverer of [[Kamchatka]]
| |
| *'''[[Vassili Poyarkov]]''', discoverer of the [[Amurland]], the first Russian to sail down the [[Amur River]]
| |
| *'''[[Demid Pyanda]]''', credited with discovery of the [[Lena River]] and [[Yakutia]], made a 8,000 km long journey along the previously unknown Siberian rivers
| |
| *'''[[Semyon Remezov]]''', author of the ''[[Remezov Chronicle]]'' and the first large format cartographic atlas of Siberia[[File:Yermak Timofeyevich.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Yermak Timofeyevich]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Shkot]]''', explorer of Sakhalin and [[Primorsky Krai]], a founder of [[Nakhodka]] and [[Vladivostok]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Sibiryakov]]''', sponsor of the multiple expeditions in [[Siberia]] and the [[Arctic]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Stadukhin]]''', discoverer of [[Kolyma]], [[Chukchi Peninsula|Chukotka]] and the northern [[Okhotsk Sea]]
| |
| *'''[[Anikey Stroganov]]''', coloniser of [[Perm Krai]] and the [[Urals]], established the early trade between Russia and Siberian tribes
| |
| *'''[[Semyon Stroganov]]''', coloniser of the Urals and Siberia, sponsor of Yermak's [[conquest of the Khanate of Sibir]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Tatishchev]]''', supervisor of the first instrumental mapping of Russia, coloniser of the Urals and Siberia, founder of [[Perm]] and [[Yekaterinburg]]
| |
| *'''[[Tatyana Ustinova]]''', discoverer of the [[Valley of Geysers]] in Kamchatka, the world's second largest geyser concentration
| |
| *'''[[Yermak Timofeyevich]]''', [[Russian conquest of Siberia|conqueror of Siberia]], explorer of [[West Siberian Plain|West Siberian]] rivers
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Yevreinov]]''', author of the first instrumental maps of [[Kamchatka]] and the [[Kuril Islands]]
| |
| | |
| ===Explorers of Russian America===
| |
| *'''[[A. A. Baranov|Alexander Baranov]]''', explorer and governor of [[Russian America]], founder of [[Fort Ross]] in [[California]][[File:Vitus Bering 1681-1741.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Vitus Bering|Bering]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vitus Bering]]''', organiser of the [[Great Northern Expedition]], explorer of the [[Bering Sea]] and the [[Bering Strait]], founder of [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]], discoverer of the southern Alaska, the [[Aleutian Islands]] and the [[Commander Islands]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksei Chirikov]]''', discoverer of the Aleutian Islands and the northwestern coast of North America
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Fedorov (navigator)|Ivan Fyodorov]]''', discoverer of Alaska
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Gvozdev]]''', discoverer of Alaska, author of the first instrumental maps of the [[Okhotsk Sea]] and [[Sakhalin]] shores
| |
| *'''[[Gerasim Izmailov]]''', author of the first detailed map of the [[Aleutian Islands]], founder of the first permanent Russian settlement in America
| |
| *'''[[Otto von Kotzebue]]''', circumnavigator, discoverer of a number of [[Pacific islands]] and [[Kotzebue Sound]] on Alaska
| |
| *'''[[Gavriil Pribylov]]''', discoverer of the [[Pribilof Islands]][[File:Grigory Shelikov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Grigory Shelikhov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Rezanov]]''', founder of the [[Russian-American Company]], protagonist of the [[rock opera]] ''[[Juno and Avos (opera)|Juno and Avos]]''
| |
| *'''[[Gavriil Sarychev]]''', explorer of the [[Sea of Okhotsk]] and the [[Aleutian Islands]]
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Shelikhov]]''', founded the precursor of the [[Russian-American Company]] and the first permanent Russian settlements in America
| |
| *'''[[Lavrenty Zagoskin]]''', author of the first detailed description of the inner areas of Alaska
| |
| | |
| ===Circumnavigators===
| |
| *'''[[Faddey Bellingshausen]]''', discoverer of [[Antarctica]], double [[circumnavigator]], discoverer of a number of [[Pacific islands]][[File:Kruzenshtern I F.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Ivan Kruzenshtern]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Ludwig von Hagemeister]]''', triple circumnavigator, builder of the first [[tall ship]]s to sail on [[Lake Baikal]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Konyukhov]]''', adventurer, the first Russian to complete the [[Three Poles Challenge]] and [[Explorers Grand Slam]], set a record for the solo yacht circumnavigation of Antarctica
| |
| *'''[[Otto von Kotzebue]]''', circumnavigator, discoverer of over 400 [[Pacific islands]] and [[Kotzebue Sound]] on Alaska
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Kruzenshtern]]''', leader of the first Russian circumnavigation, discoverer of a number of Pacific islands
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lazarev]]''', discoverer of Antarctica and a number of [[Pacific islands]], triple circumnavigator, war hero
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Lisyansky]]''', leader of the first Russian circumnavigation, discoverer of a number of Pacific islands
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Litke]]''', oceanographer, explorer of [[Novaya Zemlya]], [[Bering Sea]], [[Bonin Islands]], and the [[Carolines]], double circumnavigator
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Posyet]]''', participant of the circumnavigation on the frigate ''Pallas'',[[File:Rezanov np.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nikolai Rezanov]]]] expert on Japan, explorer of the [[Possiet Bay]], Minister of Ways and Communications of Russia
| |
| *'''[[Yevfimy Putyatin]]''', leader of the circumnavigation on ''Pallas'', diplomat, explorer of the [[Sea of Japan]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Rezanov]]''', leader of the first Russian circumnavigation, explorer of the [[Russian America]], protagonist of the [[rock opera]] ''Juno and Avos''
| |
| *'''[[F. I. Tolstoy|Fyodor Tolstoy]]''', ''"the American"'', mischief-making participant of the first Russian circumnavigation, celebrity adventurer
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Unkovsky]]''', leader of the circumnavigation on ''Pallas''
| |
| *'''[[Ferdinand Wrangel]]''', explorer of the [[East Siberian Sea]] and Alaska, triple circumnavigator
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Zavoyko]]''', double circumnavigator, explored the estuary of the [[Amur River]], war hero
| |
| | |
| ===Travelers in the tropics===
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Bulatovich]]''', military advisor of [[Menelek II of Ethiopia]], explorer of [[Eastern Africa]][[File:RR5110-0018R.gif|thumb|90px|[[Afanasy Nikitin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Wilhelm Junker]]''', explorer of [[Eastern Africa|Eastern]] and [[Equatorial Africa]]
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Langsdorf]]''', explorer of Alaska and [[Brazil]]
| |
| *'''[[Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai]]''', anthropologist who lived and traveled among the natives of [[Papua New Guinea]] and [[Pacific islands]], prominent [[anti-racist]]
| |
| *'''[[Afanasy Nikitin]]''', one of the first Europeans to travel and to document his visit to India, author of ''[[A Journey Beyond the Three Seas]]''
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Senkevich]]''', participant of [[Thor Heyerdahl]]'s voyages on the ''Ra'', ''[[Ra II]]'' and ''[[Thor Heyerdahl#Tigris|Tigris]]'' ([[papyrus]] and reed boats), anchorman of the ''Travelers' Club'' TV show for the record 30 years
| |
| | |
| ===Explorers of Central Asia===
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky]]''', leader of the first Russian military expeditions into [[Central Asia]], founder of [[Krasnovodsk]][[File:Nikolay Przhevalsky photoportrait and signature.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nikolai Przhevalsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Fedchenko]]''', naturalist and explorer, discovered the [[Trans-Alay Range]] in [[Pamir Mountains]]
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Grumm-Grzhimaylo]]''', discoverer of [[Ayding Lake]] (the second [[lowest land point]] on Earth)
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Korzhenevskiy]]''', explorer of the Pamir, discoverer of [[Akademiya Nauk Range]] and [[Peak Korzhenevskaya]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Kozlov]]''', explorer of [[Mongolia]], [[Xinjiang]] and [[Tibet]], discoverer of the ancient [[Tibetan people|Tangut]] city of [[Khara-Khoto]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Petlin]]''', the first Russian to reach China on an official diplomatic mission, left a popular description of his journey
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Potanin]]''', explorer of Mongolia, Tibet and China
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Przhevalsky]]''', traveled over 40,000 km through Central Asia, discovered [[Przewalski's Horse|the only extant species of wild horse]]
| |
| *'''[[Nicholas Roerich]]''', painter, philosopher, archeologist, writer and public figure, explorer of Mongolia, China and India[[File:Portrait of P. Semenov-Tien-Shansky.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Nevsky]]''', medieval Russian Prince, saint and national hero, one of the first Europeans to travel into [[Mongolia]] (with his [[Andrey II of Vladimir|brother]] and [[Yaroslav of Vladimir|father]])
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky]]''', explorer of the [[Tian Shan Mountains]], discoverer of the Peak [[Khan Tengri]], for 40 years the head of the [[Russian Geographical Society]]
| |
| *'''[[Gombojab Tsybikov]]''', explorer and the first photographer of [[Tibet]]
| |
| | |
| ===Polar explorers===
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Anjou]]''', explorer of the [[New Siberian Islands]] and Arctic coastline[[File:Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Faddey Bellingshausen]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Faddey Bellingshausen]]''', discoverer of Antarctica
| |
| *'''[[Vitus Bering]]''', organiser of the [[Great Northern Expedition]], explorer of the [[Bering Sea]] and the [[Bering Strait]]
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Brusilov]]''', commander of ''[[Svyataya Anna]]'', a prototype for ''[[The Two Captains]]''
| |
| *'''[[Semion Chelyuskin]]''', discoverer of [[Extreme points of Asia|the north extrimity]] of [[Eurasia]], [[Cape Chelyuskin]]
| |
| *'''[[Artur Chilingarov]]''', leader of the [[Arktika 2007]] expedition, the first to reach the seabed under the [[North Pole]]
| |
| *'''[[Valery Chkalov]]''', led the first [[transcontinental flight]] by [[airplane]] over the North Pole
| |
| *'''[[Semyon Dezhnyov]]''', discoverer of [[Kolyma]], [[Chukchi Peninsula]], Bering Strait and [[Cape Dezhnyov]]
| |
| *'''[[Yakov Gakkel]]''', oceanographer, creator of the first [[bathymetric]] map of the Arctic Ocean
| |
| *'''[[Matvei Gedenschtrom]]''', explorer of the New Siberian Islands, discoverer of [[Siberian polynya]]
| |
| *'''[[Maria Klenova]]''', a founder of [[marine geology]], made the first complete seabed map of the [[Barents Sea]], one of the first women explorers of [[Antarctic]]
| |
| *'''[[Ernst Krenkel]]''', [[radioman]] for many polar expeditions, set a world record of long-distance radio communication (between [[Franz Josef Land]] and Antarctica)[[File:Chilingarov Arh.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Artur Chilingarov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Laptev]]''', explorer of the [[Laptev Sea]] shores
| |
| *'''[[Khariton Laptev]]''', explorer of the [[Laptev Sea]] shores
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lazarev]]''', discoverer of Antarctica, war hero
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Litke]]''', explorer of [[Novaya Zemlya]], Bering Sea, and Pacific
| |
| *'''[[Stepan Makarov]]''', oceanographer, builder of [[Icebreaker Yermak|the first polar icebreaker]], war hero
| |
| *'''[[Stepan Malygin]]''', author of the first Russian manual on [[navigation]], leader of the western unit of the [[Great Northern Expedition]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Middendorf]]''', explorer of [[Taymyr Peninsula]], founder of [[permafrost]] science, discoverer of [[Putorana Plateau]] and the [[North Cape sea current]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Nagurski]]''', the first polar [[aviator]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Ovtsyn]]''', explorer of [[Taymyr Peninsula]], mapped the [[Gydan Peninsula]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Pakhtusov]]''', explorer of [[Novaya Zemlya]][[File:Михаил Петрович Лазарев.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Lazarev]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Papanin]]''', the head of the first [[manned drifting ice station]] [[North Pole-1]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Fedot Popov]]''', discoverer of Chukotka and the Bering Strait
| |
| *'''[[Vasili Pronchishchev]]''', discovered the [[Byrranga Mountains]] and multiple islands off [[Taymyr Peninsula]]
| |
| *'''[[Maria Pronchishcheva]]''', the first female [[Arctic explorer]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Rusanov]]''', explorer of Novaya Zemlya and [[Svalbard]], a prototype for ''[[The Two Captains]]''
| |
| *'''[[Anatoly Sagalevich]]''', performed the world's deepest fresh water dive (1637 m in [[Lake Baikal]]), explored the remains of ''[[RMS Titanic]]'', the first to reach the seabed under the North Pole
| |
| *'''[[Rudolf Samoylovich]]''', founder of the [[Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute]], saver of the ''[[Airship Italia]]'' crew
| |
| *'''[[Yakov Sannikov]]''', explorer of the New Siberian Islands, originated the legend about the [[Sannikov Land]][[File:Papanin with flag.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Ivan Papanin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Otto Schmidt]]''', leader of the first passage of the [[Northern Sea Route]] without wintering, supervized many Arctic expeditions
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Sedov]]''', explorer of Novaya Zemlya and Kolyma River, died in attempt to reach the North Pole, a prototype for ''[[The Two Captains]]''
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Shirshov]]''', member of the [[North Pole-1]] crew, founder of [[Shirshov Institute of Oceanology]], proved that there is life in high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Sibiryakov]]''', sponsor of the multiple expeditions in [[Siberia]] and the [[Arctic]], including that of [[Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Somov]]''', head of the second [[Soviet drifting ice station]] North Pole-2, leader of the [[1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition]], founder of the first Soviet Antarctic stations [[Mirny Station|Mirny]] and [[Vostok Station|Vostok]]
| |
| *'''[[Eduard Toll]]''', explorer of [[Yakutia]] and the [[Arctic]], died in search of the legendary [[Sannikov Land]]
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Tolstikov]]''', head of the North Pole-4, led the [[3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition]], discoverer of the [[Gamburtsev Mountains]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Tryoshnikov]]''', head of the North Pole-3, led the [[2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition|2nd]] and the [[13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]]s[[File:Eduard Toll.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Eduard Toll]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Urvantsev]]''', explorer of Severnaya Zemlya, discoverer of [[nickel]] in Taimyr and founder of [[Norilsk]]
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Ushakov]]''', founder of the first settlement on the [[Wrangel Island]], explorer of Severnaya Zemlya, discoverer of [[Ushakov Island]] (the last unknown island outside any archipelago)
| |
| *'''[[Boris Vilkitsky]]''', discoverer of [[Severnaya Zemlya]] (the last archipelago on Earth to be explored), led the first voyage from [[Vladivostok]] to [[Arkhangelsk]] via the [[Northern Sea Route]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Vize]]''', scientific leader of many Arctic expeditions, predicted the location of [[Vize Island]] through the analysis of the [[pack ice]] movement in the [[Kara Sea]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Voronin]]''', leader of the first passage of the [[Northern Sea Route]] without wintering, captain of ''[[SS Chelyuskin]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ferdinand Wrangel]]''', explorer of the [[East Siberian Sea]] and Alaska
| |
| | |
| ===Cosmonauts===
| |
| {{main|Cosmonauts}}
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Belyayev]]''', a member of the first two-person space crew[[File:Gagarin in Sweden.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Yuri Gagarin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Beregovoy]]''', the oldest human to go into space (by date of birth, 1921)
| |
| *'''[[Valery Bykovsky]]''', performer of the longest solo [[spaceflight]]
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Feoktistov]]''', a member of the first three-person space crew
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Gagarin]]''', the first ever human to travel into [[outer space|space]]
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Khrunov]]''', participant of the first dual [[spacewalk]] and crew transfer between spacecraft
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Komarov]]''', a member of the first three-person space crew, the first human to die during a space mission (landing accident)
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Krikalyov]]''', accumulated most time in space (803 days) during six flights
| |
| *'''[[Aleksei Leonov]]''', the first to perform a [[spacewalk]], a member of the first two-person space crew, space painter[[File:Leonov Alexei.png|thumb|90px|[[Aleksei Leonov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Musa Manarov]]''', the first to spend over a year in orbit
| |
| *'''[[Andrian Nikolayev]]''', participant of the first parallel flight, the first to perform spacecraft-to-spacecraft communications, the first to spend two weeks in space
| |
| *'''[[Valeri Polyakov]]''', performer of the longest continuous spaceflight (437 days)
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Popovich]]''', participant of the first parallel flight, the first to perform spacecraft-to-spacecraft communications
| |
| *'''[[Svetlana Savitskaya]]''', second woman to fly into space, the first to perform a [[spacewalk]]
| |
| *'''[[Vitaly Sevastyanov]]''', the first to spend two weeks in space
| |
| *'''[[Anatoly Solovyev]]''', the person who made most [[spacewalks]] and accumulated most time spacewalking (over 82 hours)
| |
| *'''[[Valentina Tereshkova]]''', the first woman and civilian in space[[File:Tereshkova Heureka2.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Valentina Tereshkova]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Gherman Titov]]''', the second human to orbit the Earth, the first who spent a whole day and slept in space, the youngest cosmonaut/astronaut so far
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Titov]]''', the first to spend over a year in orbit
| |
| *'''[[Boris Yegorov]]''', a member of the first three-person space crew, the first physician in space
| |
| *'''[[Aleksei Yeliseyev]]''', participant of the first dual spacewalk and crew transfer between spacecraft
| |
| | |
| ==Inventors and engineers==
| |
| {{main|Russian inventors|Russian inventions}}
| |
| | |
| ===Polymath inventors===
| |
| *'''[[Genrich Altshuller]]''', inventor of ''[[TRIZ]]'' ("The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems")[[File:Kulibin I P.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Ivan Kulibin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Kulibin]]''', mechanic and optician, inventor of [[searchlight]], [[screw-drive elevator]], ''[[self-rolling carriage]]'' (with [[flywheel]], [[brake]], [[gear box]], and [[bearing (mechanical)|bearing]]), [[searchlight]] [[optical telegraph]], [[mechanic]] [[artificial leg]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lomonosov]]''', polymath scientist and artist, inventor of [[coaxial rotor]] and the first model [[helicopter]], [[off-axis reflecting telescope]] and [[night vision telescope]], co-developed [[Russian porcelain]] and re-invented [[smalt]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Nartov]]''', inventor of [[mechanic slide rest]], [[rose engine lathe]], [[quick-firing battery]], [[cannon]] [[telescopic sight]]
| |
| *'''[[Peter the Great]]''', monarch and craftsman, inventor of [[decimal currency]], [[yacht club]], [[sounding line]] with separating plummet, founder of the [[Russian Navy]][[File:Nartov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Andrey Nartov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Shukhov]]''', polymath engineer, inventor of [[thermal cracking]], [[thin-shell structure]], [[tensile structure]], [[hyperboloid structure]], [[gridshell]] and cylindric [[oil depot]], built [[Shukhov Tower]]s and created modern theory of [[pipeline transport]]
| |
| *'''[[Leon Theremin]]''', inventor and [[spy]], created [[theremin]], [[terpsitone]], [[rhythmicon]] (the first [[drum machine]]) and [[passive resonant cavity bug]], introduced [[Interlaced video|interlace]] technique
| |
| | |
| ===Weaponry makers===
| |
| {{main|Russian weaponry makers}}
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Chokhov]]''', maker of the [[Tsar Cannon]], the world's [[largest bombard by caliber]][[File:Vasily Degtyaryov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Vasily Degtyaryov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Degtyaryov]]''', designer of [[Degtyarev plant|Degtyaryov]]-series firearms, inventor of self-loading [[carbine]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Fyodorov (printer)|Ivan Fyodorov]]''', 16th century inventor of [[Barrel (firearms)|multibarreled]] mortar, introduced [[printing]] to Russia
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Grigoryevich Fyodorov|Vladimir Fyodorov]]''', inventor of [[assault rifle]] ([[Fedorov Avtomat]])
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Gobyato]]''', inventor of [[modern mortar]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Kalashnikov]]''', inventor of ''[[AK-47]]'' and'' [[AK-74]]'' assault rifles, world's most popular (produced more than all other types of assault rifles combined)
| |
| *'''[[Yuly Khariton]]''', chief designer of the [[Soviet atomic bomb]], co-developer of the [[Tsar Bomb]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Korolyov]]''', inventor of the first [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] (''[[R-7 Semyorka]]'')
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Koshkin]]''', designer of ''[[T-34]]'' medium tank, the best and most produced tank of [[World War II]][[File:Michael Kalashikov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Kalashnikov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Lebedenko]]''', designer of the [[Tsar Tank]], the largest [[armoured vehicle]] in history
| |
| *'''[[Victor Makeyev]]''', developer of the first intercontinental [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]]
| |
| *'''[[Nestor Makhno]]''', anarchist, legendary inventor of [[tachanka]]
| |
| *'''[[A. A. Morozov|Alexander Morozov]]''', designer of ''[[T-54/55]]'' (the most produced [[tank]] in history)
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Mosin]]''', inventor of the [[Mosin–Nagant]] rifle, one of the most produced in history
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Nadiradze]]''', inventor of mobile [[ICBM]] (''[[RT-21 Temp 2S]]'') and the first reliable mobile ICBM ''[[RT-2PM Topol]]''
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Nartov]]''', polymath inventor, designed [[quick-firing battery]] and [[cannon]] [[telescopic sight]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Nepobedimy]]''', designed the first supersonic [[anti-tank guided missile]] ''Sturm''[[File:Mosin.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Sergey Mosin]]]] and other Soviet [[rocket weapon]]ry
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Porokhovschikov]]''', inventor of ''[[Vezdekhod]]'' (the first prototype [[continuous track]] [[tank]], or [[tankette]], and the first [[continuous track]] [[amphibious ATV]])
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Sakharov]]''', physicist, inventor of [[explosively pumped flux compression generator]], co-developer of the [[Tsar Bomb]], [[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Simonov]]''', inventor of [[APS Underwater Assault Rifle|underwater assault rifle]]
| |
| *'''[[Fedor Tokarev]]''', designer of ''[[TT-33]]'' handgun and ''[[SVT-40]]'' self-loading rifle, main Soviet guns of WII
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Utkin]]''', designer of the [[railway car]]-launched [[ICBM]] (''[[RT-23 Molodets]]'')
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Vyrodkov]]''', inventor of [[battery-tower]]
| |
| | |
| ===Land transport developers===
| |
| [[File:Pirotsky.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Fyodor Pirotsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Blinov]]''', inventor of [[tracked wagon]] and steam-powered [[caterpillar tractor]]
| |
| *'''[[Yefim Alekseyevich Cherepanov|Cherepanovs]]''', Yefim and his son Miron, makers of the first [[steam locomotive]] in Russia
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Elmanov]]''', inventor of [[monorail]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Kulibin]]''', mechanic and optician, inventor of ''[[self-rolling carriage]]'' (with [[flywheel]], [[brake]], [[gear box]], and [[bearing (mechanical)|bearing]])
| |
| *'''[[Yury Lomonosov]]''', designer of the first successful mainline [[diesel locomotive]]
| |
| *'''[[P. P. Melnikov|Pavel Melnikov]]''', Transport Minister, builder of the first [[Russian Railways]], inroduced [[Russian broad gauge]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Pirotsky]]''', inventor of [[railway electrification system]] and [[electric tram]]
| |
| *'''[[Leonty Shamshurenkov]]''', inventor of the first [[self-propelling carriage]] (a precursor to [[quadrocycle]] and [[automobile]])
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Shilovsky]]''', inventor of [[gyrocar]]
| |
| | |
| ===Naval engineers===
| |
| {{main|Russian naval engineers}}
| |
| *'''[[Rostislav Alexeyev]]''', designer of high-speed [[Raketa hydrofoil]]s and [[ekranoplan]]s, including the ''[[Caspian Sea Monster]]''[[File:Alexey Krylov 1910s.JPG|thumb|90px|[[Alexey Krylov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[A. P. Alexandrov|Anatoly Alexandrov]]''', inventor of [[degaussing]], developer of [[naval nuclear reactor]]s (including one for the first [[nuclear icebreaker]])
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Britnev]]''', designer of the first [[metal]]-[[ship hull|hull]] [[icebreaker]] ''[[Pilot (icebreaker)|Pilot]]''
| |
| *'''[[Stefan Drzewiecki]]''', inventor of electric-powered and [[midget submarine]]s, designed the first serial submarine, developed the [[blade element theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Jacobi]]''', inventor of [[electric boat]], developer of modern [[naval mining]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexei Krylov]]''', inventor of [[gyroscopic]] [[damping]] of ships, author of the [[insubmersibility]] theory
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Litke]]''', explorer, inventor of recording [[tide measurer]]
| |
| *'''[[Stepan Makarov]]''', Admiral, war hero, oceanographer, inventor of [[torpedo boat tender]], builder of [[Icebreaker Yermak|the first polar icebreaker]], author of the insubmersibility theory[[File:SO Makarov 01.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Stepan Makarov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Victor Makeyev]]''', developer of the first intercontinental [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]]
| |
| *'''[[Ludvig Nobel]]''', designer of the modern [[oil tanker]]
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Schilling]]''', inventor of [[electric]] [[naval mine]]
| |
| *'''[[Igor Spassky]]''', designer of the [[Sea Launch]] platform and over 200 [[nuclear submarine]]s, including the world's largest submarines (''[[Typhoon class]]'')
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Yourkevitch]]''', designer of ''[[SS Normandie]]'', developer of modern [[ship hull]] design
| |
| | |
| ===Aerospace engineers===
| |
| {{main|Russian aerospace engineers}}
| |
| [[File:Olegantonov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Oleg Antonov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Rostislav Alexeyev]]''', designer of high-speed [[Raketa hydrofoil]]s and [[ekranoplan]]s, including the ''[[Caspian Sea Monster]]''
| |
| *'''[[Oleg Antonov]]''', designer of the [[Antonov|An]]-series aircraft, including ''[[Antonov A-40|A-40]]'' [[winged tank]] and ''[[An-124]]'' (the largest serial [[cargo aircraft]], later modified to world's largest [[fixed-wing aircraft]] ''[[An-225]]'')
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Babakin]]''', designed the first [[soft lander spacecraft]] ''[[Luna 9]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Barmin]]''', designer of the first rocket [[launch complex]] ([[Baikonur Cosmodrome]])
| |
| *'''[[Robert Bartini]]''', developer of [[ekranoplan]]s and [[VTOL]] [[amphibious aircraft]]s, physicist, tutor to many other aerospace designers
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Bereznyak]]''', designer of the first fighter [[rocket-powered aircraft]], ''[[BI-1]]''
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Beriev]]''', designer of the [[Beriev|Be]]-series [[amphibious aircraft]]
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Bothezat]]''', inventor of the [[quadcopter|quadrotor helicopter]], (''[[The Flying Octopus]]'')
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Chelomey]]''', designer of the first [[space station]] ''[[Salyut 1]]'', creator of [[Proton rocket]] ([[Comparison of heavy lift launch systems|the most used heavy lift launch system]])[[File:Valentin Glushko on a 2008 Russian coin; RR5110-0084R.png|thumb|90px|[[Valentyn Glushko]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Evgeniy Chertovsky]]''', inventor of [[pressure suit]]
| |
| *'''[[Nicolas Florine]]''', builder of the first successful [[tandem rotor]] helicopter
| |
| *'''[[Valentyn Glushko]]''', inventor of [[hypergolic propellant]] and [[electrically powered spacecraft propulsion]], designer of the world's most powerful [[liquid-fuel rocket]] engine [[RD-170]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Grushin]]''', inventor of [[anti-ballistic missile]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Gurevich (aircraft designer)|Mikhail Gurevich]]''', designer of the [[MiG]]-series fighter aircraft, including [[most produced aircraft|world's most produced]] [[jet aircraft]] ''[[MiG-15]]'' and most produced [[supersonic aircraft]] ''[[MiG-21]]''
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Ilyushin]]''', designed the [[Ilyushin|Il]]-series fighter aircraft, including ''[[Ilyushin Il-2|Il-2]]'' bomber (the [[most produced military aircraft]] in history)[[File:Sergey Korolyov 140-190 for collage.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Sergei Korolyov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksei Isaev]]''', designer of the first [[rocket-powered aircraft|rocket-powered]] fighter aircraft, ''[[Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1|BI-1]]''
| |
| *'''[[Mstislav Keldysh]]''', co-developer of the first [[satellite]] (''[[Sputnik]]'') and [[Keldysh bomber]]
| |
| *'''[[Kerim Kerimov]]''', the secret figure behind the Soviet space program
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Kamov]]''', designed the [[Kamov|Ka]]-series [[coaxial rotor]] helicopters
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Kemurdzhian]]''', inventor of [[space rover]] (''[[Lunokhod]]'')
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Kibalchich]]''', pioneer of rocketry, author of an early [[rocket propulsion|propulsive device]] design
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Korolyov]]''', ''the Farther of the [[Soviet space program]]'', inventor of the first [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] and the first [[space rocket]] (''[[R-7 Semyorka]]''), creator of the first [[satellite]] (''[[Sputnik]]''), supervisor of the [[first human spaceflight]]
| |
| *'''[[Gleb Kotelnikov]]''', inventor of [[knapsack parachute]] and [[drogue parachute]]
| |
| *'''[[Semyon Lavochkin]]''', designer of the [[Lavochkin|La]]-series aircraft and the first operational [[surface-to-air missile]] ''[[S-25 Berkut]]''[[File:Gleb Kotelnikov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Gleb Kotelnikov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lomonosov]]''', polymath, inventor of [[coaxial rotor]] and the first [[helicopter]]
| |
| *'''[[Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy]]''', designer of the [[Buran space shuttle]] and [[Spiral project]]
| |
| *'''[[Arkhip Lyulka]]''', designer of the [[Lyulka]]-series [[aircraft engine]]s, including the first double jet [[turbofan]]
| |
| *'''[[Victor Makeyev]]''', developer of the first intercontinental [[SLBM]]
| |
| *'''[[Artem Mikoyan]]''', designer of the [[MiG]]-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet ''[[MiG-15]]'' and most produced [[supersonic aircraft]] ''[[MiG-21]]''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Mil]]''', designer of the [[Mil Helicopters|Mi]]-series helicopters, including ''[[Mil Mi-8]]'' (the world's [[most produced helicopter]]) and ''[[Mil Mi-12]]'' (the world's largest helicopter)
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Mozhaysky]]''', author of the first attempt to create [[heavier-than-air craft]] in Russia, designed the largest of 19th century [[airplane]]s
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Nadiradze]]''', designer of the first mobile [[ICBM]] ''[[RT-21 Temp 2S]]'' and the first reliable mobile ICBM ''[[RT-2PM Topol]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Polikarpov]]''', designer of the [[Polikarpov|Po]]-series aircraft, including ''[[Po-2]]'' ''[[Polikarpov Po-2|Kukuruznik]]'' (world's [[most produced biplane]])
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Procofieff de Seversky]]''', inventor of [[ionocraft]] and [[gyroscopic]]ally stabilized [[bombsight]]
| |
| *'''[[Guy Severin]]''', designed the first [[spacewalk]] supporting system
| |
| *'''[[Igor Sikorsky]]''', inventor of [[airliner]] and [[strategic bomber]] (''[[Sikorsky Ilya Muromets]]''), father of modern [[helicopter]], founder of the [[Sikorsky Aircraft]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Shavyrin]]''', inventor of [[air-augmented rocket]]
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Sukhoi]]''', designer of the [[Sukhoi|Su]]-series fighter aircraft
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Syromyatnikov]]''', designer of the ''[[Androgynous Peripheral Attach System]]''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Tikhonravov]]''', designer of [[Sputnik]]s, including the first artificial satellite ''[[Sputnik 1]]''
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]]''', principal pioneer of [[astronautics]][[File:Tsiolkovsky.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexei Tupolev]]''', designer of the [[Tupolev|Tu]]-series aircraft, including the first [[supersonic transport]] ''[[Tu-144]]''
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Tupolev]]''', designer of the Tu-series aircraft, including the [[turboprop]] long-range airliner ''[[Tu-114]]'' and [[turboprop]] strategic bomber ''[[Tu-95]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Vakhmistrov]]''', supervisor of [[Zveno project]] (the first bomber with [[parasite aircraft]]s)
| |
| *'''[[A. S. Yakovlev|Alexander Yakovlev]]''', designer of the [[Yakovlev|Yak]]-series aircraft, including the first [[regional jet]] ''[[Yak-40]]''
| |
| *'''[[Friedrich Zander]]''', designed the first [[liquid-fuel rocket]] in the Soviet Union, [[GIRD]]-X, pioneer of astronautics
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky|Nikolai Zhukovsky]]''', founder of modern [[aerodynamics|aero-]] and [[hydrodynamics]], pioneer of [[aviation]]
| |
| | |
| ===Structural engineers===
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Belelyubsky]]''', major bridge designer, invented a number of construction schemes[[File:Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov 1891.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Vladimir Shukhov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Agustín de Betancourt]]''', polymath-engineer, urban planner, designed the [[Moscow Manege]] and the giant dome of [[St. Isaac's Cathedral]], founded [[Goznak]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Barmin]]''', designer of the world's first rocket [[launch complex]] ([[Baikonur Cosmodrome]])
| |
| *'''[[Akinfiy Demidov]]''', built the [[Leaning Tower of Nevyansk]] (the first structure with [[rebar]]s and [[cast iron]] [[cupola]], as well as the first [[lightning rod]] in Europe)
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Dushkin]]''', designer of the first [[deep column station]], ''[[Mayakovskaya (Moscow Metro)|Mayakovskaya]]''
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Hrennikoff]]''', founder of the [[Finite Element Method]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Nikitin]]''', engineer of the largest Soviet structures: [[Moscow State University]], [[Luzhniki Stadium]], [[The Motherland Calls]] and [[Ostankino Tower]] (once the world's [[tallest freestanding structure]])
| |
| *'''[[Lavr Proskuryakov]]''', builder of multiple bridges along the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]], inventor and tutor
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Shukhov]]''', engineer-polymath, inventor of breakthrough [[industrial design]]s ([[hyperboloid structure]], [[thin-shell structure]], [[tensile structure]], [[gridshell]]), builder of [[Shukhov Tower]]s and multiple other structures
| |
| | |
| ===Electrical engineers===
| |
| {{main|Russian electrical engineers}}
| |
| [[File:Pavel Shilling.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Pavel Schilling|Schilling]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Zhores Alferov]]''', physicist, inventor of [[heterotransistor]], [[Nobel Prize]] winner
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Benardos]]''', inventor of [[carbon arc welding]] (the first practical [[arc welding]] method)
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky]]''', inventor of [[three-phase electric power]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Jacobi]]''', inventor of [[electroplating]], [[electrotyping]], [[galvanoplastic sculpture]] and [[electric boat]]
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Khrenov]]''', inventor of [[underwater welding]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Lodygin]]''', one of the inventors of [[incandescent light bulb]], inventor of [[electric]] [[streetlight]] and [[tungsten filament]]
| |
| *'''[[Oleg Losev]]''', inventor of [[light-emitting diode]] and [[crystadine]]
| |
| *'''[[V. V. Petrov|Vasily Petrov]]''', inventor of [[electric arc]] and [[arc welding]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Pirotsky]]''', inventor of [[railway electrification system]] and [[electric tram]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Poniatoff]]''', inventor of [[videotape recorder]][[File:Yablochkov 1.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Pavel Yablochkov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Georg Wilhelm Richmann]]''', inventor of [[electrometer]], died from [[ball lightning]] during an experiment
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Schilling]]''', inventor of [[shielded cable]], [[naval mine|electric mine]] and [[electromagnetic telegraph]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Slavyanov]]''', inventor of [[shielded metal arc welding]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Stoletov]]''', physicist, inventor of [[photoelectric cell]]
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Yablochkov]]''', inventor of [[Yablochkov candle]] (the first commercially viable [[electric lamp]]), [[AC transformer]] and [[headlamp]]
| |
| | |
| ===IT developers===
| |
| {{main|Russian IT developers}}
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]]''', inventor of [[AVL tree]] algorithm, developer of [[Kaissa]] (the first [[World Computer Chess Champion]])[[File:Eugene Kaspersky 2007.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Yevgeny Kaspersky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Babaian]]''', developer of the [[Elbrus supercomputer]]s
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Brin]]''', inventor of the [[Google web search engine]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Brusentsov]]''', inventor of [[ternary computer]] (''[[Setun]]'')
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Donskoy]]''', a leading developer of [[Kaissa]], the first computer chess champion
| |
| *'''[[Victor Glushkov]]''', a founder of [[cybernetics]], inventor of the first [[personal computer]] ''[[MIR (computer)|MIR]]''
| |
| *'''[[Anatoly Karatsuba]]''', developed the [[Karatsuba algorithm]] (the first fast [[multiplication algorithm]])
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Kaspersky]]''', developer of Kaspersky [[anti-virus product]]s
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Khachiyan]]''', developed the [[Ellipsoid algorithm]] for [[linear programming]]
| |
| *'''[[Semen Korsakov]]''', the first to use [[punched card]]s for information storage and search
| |
| *'''[[Evgeny Landis]]''', inventor of [[AVL tree]] algorithm[[File:Alexey Pajitnov - 2575833305 (crop).jpg|thumb|90px|[[Alexey Pajitnov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[S. A. Lebedev|Sergey Lebedev]]''', developer of the first Soviet and European [[electronic computer]]s, [[MESM]] and [[BESM]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Levenshtein]]''', developed the [[Levenshtein automaton]], [[Levenshtein coding]] and [[Levenshtein distance]]
| |
| *'''[[Willgodt Theophil Odhner]]''', inventor of the [[Odhner Arithmometer]], the most popular mechanical calculator in the 20th century
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Pajitnov]]''', inventor of ''[[Tetris]]''
| |
| *'''[[Eugene Roshal]]''', developer of the [[FAR file manager]], [[RAR file format]], [[WinRAR]] [[file archiver]]
| |
| *'''[[Valentin Turchin]]''', inventor of [[Refal programming language]], introduced [[metasystem transition]] and [[supercompilation]]
| |
| *'''[[David Yang]]''', developer of [[Cybiko]], founder of [[ABBYY]] company
| |
| | |
| ===Optics and photography pioneers===
| |
| *'''[[Franz Aepinus]]''', inventor of [[Achromatic lens|achromatic]] [[microscope]][[File:Dmitri Maxutow Leutnant.jpg|thumb|90px|[[D. D. Maksutov|Dmitry Maksutov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Basov]]''', physicist, co-inventor of [[laser]] and [[maser]], [[Nobel Prize]] winner
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Denisyuk]]''', inventor of [[3D holography]]
| |
| *'''[[Semyon Kirlian]]''', inventor of [[Kirlian photography]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Kulibin]]''', polymath inventor, introduced [[candle]] [[searchlight]] and [[searchlight]]-based [[optical telegraph]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Lvovich Levitsky|Sergey Levitsky]]''', inventor of the [[bellows]] camera, pne of the earliest photography pioneers
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lomonosov]]''', polymath scientist and artist, inventor of [[off-axis reflecting telescope]] and [[night vision telescope]]
| |
| *'''[[A. A. Makarov|Alexander Makarov]]''', inventor of [[orbitrap]]
| |
| *'''[[D. D. Maksutov|Dmitry Maksutov]]''', inventor of the [[Maksutov telescope]][[File:Sergei-Prokudin-Gorski-Larg.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Mamyrin]]''', inventor of [[reflectron]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Prokhorov]]''', physicist, co-inventor of [[laser]] and [[maser]], Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky]]''', pioneer of [[colour photography]], inventor of colour [[film slides]] and colour [[motion pictures]], famous for his multiple colour photos of [[Russian Empire]]
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Zavoisky]]''', inventor of [[EPR spectroscopy]], co-developer of [[NMR spectroscopy]]
| |
| | |
| ===Communication engineers===
| |
| *'''[[Hovannes Adamian]]''', inventor of the first [[RGB color model|RGB]]-based mechanical colour TV system[[File:Alexander Stepanovich Popov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[A. Popov|Alexander Popov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Kupriyanovich]]''', inventor of man-portable [[mobile phone]] and pocket [[mobile phone]]
| |
| *'''[[Oleg Losev]]''', inventor of [[crystadine]] radio
| |
| *'''[[Constantin Perskyi]]''', inventor of the word "television", TV pioneer
| |
| *'''[[A. Popov|Alexander Popov]]''', inventor of [[lightning detector]], one of the [[inventors of radio]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Rosing]]''', the first to use [[cathode ray tube]] in a [[TV]] system
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Schilling]]''', inventor of [[electric telegraph]]
| |
| *'''[[Leon Theremin]]''', polymath, inventor of [[Interlaced video|interlace]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Zworykin]]''', ''"the Father of [[television]]"'', inventor of [[iconoscope]] and [[kinescope]]
| |
| | |
| ===Musical instrument makers===
| |
| *'''[[V. V. Andreyev|Vasily Andreyev]]''', developed the standard [[balalaika]], revived [[domra]] and [[gusli]][[File:Andreev vas.jpg|thumb|90px|[[V. V. Andreyev|Vasily Andreyev]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Baranov-Rossine]]''', inventor of [[Optophonic Piano]]
| |
| *'''[[Motorins]]''', Ivan his son Mikhail, makers of the [[Tsar Bell]], the [[largest bell in the world]]
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Murzin]]''', inventor of the [[ANS synthesizer]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Sychra]]''', inventor of the [[Russian guitar]]
| |
| *'''[[Leon Theremin]]''', inventor of [[theremin]] (the first successful [[electronic musical instrument]]), [[terpsitone]] and [[rhythmicon]] (the first [[drum machine]])
| |
| | |
| ===Miscellaneous inventors===
| |
| *'''[[Vitaly Abalakov]]''', mountaineer, inventor of the [[camming device]]s and [[V-thread]][[File:Sergey Malyutin.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Sergey Malyutin]]']]
| |
| *'''[[Alexandre Alexeieff]]''', inventor of [[pinscreen]] animation
| |
| *'''[[Anatoly Kharlampiev]]''', developer of [[sambo martial art]]
| |
| *'''[[Lisitsyns]]''' family, producers of the first Russian [[samovar]]s
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Malyutin]]''', painter, inventor of [[matryoshka doll]]
| |
| *'''[[Vera Mukhina]]''', sculptor, inventor of [[welded sculpture]]
| |
| *'''[[Lucien Olivier]]''', inventor of [[Salad Olivier]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Polzunov]]''', inventor of the two-cylinder [[steam engine]]
| |
| [[File:Franz San Galli.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Franz San Galli]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Ida Rosenthal]]''', inventor of modern [[brassiere]], the standard of [[cup size]]s and [[nursing bra]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Sablukov]]''', inventor of [[centrifugal fan]]
| |
| *'''[[Franz San Galli]]''', inventor of [[radiator]]
| |
| *'''[[Yefim Smolin]]''', inventor of [[table-glass]]
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Vasnetsov]]''', inventor of [[budenovka]]
| |
| *'''[[Ludwik Zamenhof]]''', inventor of [[Esperanto]]
| |
| | |
| ==Scientists and scholars==
| |
| {{Main|Russian scientists}}
| |
| | |
| ===Polymaths===
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Borodin]]''', chemist and composer, author of the famous opera ''[[Prince Igor]]'', discovered [[Borodin reaction]], co-discovered [[Aldol reaction]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Chizhevsky]]''', interdisciplinary scientist, biophysicist, philosopher and artist, founder of [[heliobiology]] and modern [[air ionification]], [[Russian cosmist]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lomonosov]]''', polymath scientist, artist and inventor; founder of the [[Moscow State University]]; proposed the law of [[conservation of matter]]; disproved the [[phlogiston theory]]; invented [[coaxial rotor]] and the first [[helicopter]];[[File:Lomonosovportrait.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Lomonosov]]]] invented the [[night vision telescope]] and [[off-axis reflecting telescope]]; discovered the [[atmosphere of Venus]]; suggested the [[organic matter|organic]] origin of [[soil]], [[peat]], [[coal]], [[petroleum]] and [[amber]]; pioneered the research of [[atmospheric electricity]]; coined the term ''[[physical chemistry]]''; the first to record [[freezing]] of [[mercury (element)|mercury]]; co-developed the [[Russian porcelain]], re-discovered [[smalt]] and created a number of [[mosaic]]s dedicated to [[Peter the Great|Petrine era]]; author of an early account of [[Russian history]] and the first opponent of the [[Normanist theory]]; reformed Russian literary language by combining [[Old Church Slavonic]] with vernacular tongue in his early grammar; influenced [[Russian poetry]] through his [[ode]]s
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Obruchev]]''', geologist, paleontologist, geographer and explorer of [[Siberia]] and [[Central Asia]], author of the comprehensive ''Geology of [[Siberia]]'' and two popular [[science fiction]] novels, ''[[Hollow Earth|Plutonia]]'' and ''[[Sannikov Land]]''
| |
| *'''[[Peter Simon Pallas]]''', polymath naturalist, geographer, ethnographer, philologist, explorer of [[European Russia]] and [[Siberia]], discoverer of the first [[pallasite]] meteorite ([[Krasnojarsk meteorite]]) and multiple animals, including the [[Pallas's cat]], [[Pallas's Squirrel]], and [[Pallas's Gull]]
| |
| *'''[[Yakov Perelman]]''', a founder of [[popular science]], author of many popular books, including the ''Physics Can Be Fun'' and ''Mathematics Can Be Fun''
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky]]''', geographer, geologist, entomologist, explorer of the [[Tian Shan Mountains]], discoverer of the Peak [[Khan Tengri]], for 40 years the head of the [[Russian Geographical Society]], statistician, organiser of the first [[Russian Empire Census]][[File:Vernadsky.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Vladimir Vernadsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Tatishchev]]''', statesman, economist, geographer, ethnographer, philologist and historian, supervisor of the first instrumental mapping of Russia, coloniser of the [[Urals]] and Siberia, founder of [[Perm]] and [[Yekaterinburg]], discovered and published ''[[Russkaya Pravda]]'', ''[[Sudebnik]]'' and the controversial ''[[Ioachim Chronicle]]'', wrote the first full-scale account of Russian history, compiled the first [[encyclopedic dictionary]] of [[Russian language]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Vernadsky]]''', philosopher, geologist, a founder of [[geochemistry]], [[biogeochemistry]] and [[radiogeology]], creator of [[noosphere]] theory, popularized the term ''[[biosphere]]'', major [[Russian cosmist]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Yefremov]]''', paleontologist, philosopher, sci-fi and historical novelist, founder of [[taphonomy]], author of ''[[The Land of Foam]]'', ''[[Andromeda: A Space-Age Tale]]'' and ''[[Thais of Athens]]''
| |
| | |
| ===Earth scientists===
| |
| {{Main|Russian Earth scientists}}
| |
| | |
| *'''[[Karl Baer]]''', naturalist, formulated the geological [[Baer's law]] on [[river erosion]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Chersky]]''', geologist, explorer of [[Siberia]], explained the origin of [[Lake Baikal]], pioneered the [[geomorphological]] evolution theory
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Fersman]]''', a founder of [[geochemistry]], discovered [[copper]] in [[Monchegorsk]], [[apatite]]s in [[Khibiny]], [[sulfur]] in [[Central Asia]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Golitsyn]]''', inventor of [[electromagnetic field|electromagnetic]] [[seismograph]], the President of ''International Association of [[Seismology]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Gubkin]]''', founder of the [[Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Karpinsky]]''', geologist and mineralogist, the first President of the [[Soviet Academy of Sciences]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Köppen]]''', [[meteorologist]], author of the commonly used [[Köppen climate classification]]
| |
| *'''[[Stepan Krasheninnikov]]''', geographer, the first Russian naturalist, made the first scientific description of [[Kamchatka]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Shirshov]]''', polar explorer, founder of the [[Shirshov Institute of Oceanology]], proved that there is life in high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean
| |
| *'''[[Yuly Shokalsky]]''', the first head of the [[Soviet Geographical Society]], coined the term ''[[World Ocean]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Vernadsky]]''', philosopher, geologist, a founder of [[geochemistry]], [[biogeochemistry]] and [[radiogeology]], creator of [[noosphere]] theory, popularized the term ''[[biosphere]]''
| |
| | |
| ===Biologists and paleontologists===
| |
| {{Main|Russian biologists}}
| |
| | |
| *'''[[Johann Friedrich Adam]]''', discovered the [[Adams mammoth]], the first complete [[woolly mammoth]] skeleton[[File:Andrei Bolotov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Andrey Bolotov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Karl Baer]]''', naturalist, founded the [[Russian Entomological Society]], formulated [[embryological]] [[Baer's laws]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Bernstein]]''', neurophysiologist, coined the term [[biomechanics]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Bolotov]]''', major 18th century [[agriculturist]], discovered [[dichogamy]], pioneered [[cross-pollination]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Chizhevsky]]''', founder of [[heliobiology]] and modern [[air ionification]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Famintsyn]]''', [[plant physiologist]], inventor of [[grow lamp]], developer of [[symbiogenesis]] theory
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Filipchenko]]''', entomologist, coined the terms ''[[microevolution]]'' and ''[[macroevolution]]''
| |
| *'''[[Johann Georg Gmelin]]''', the first researcher of [[Siberia]]n flora[[File:Ivanovsky.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Dmitry Ivanovsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Gurwitsch]]''', originated the [[morphogenetic field]] theory and discovered the [[biophoton]]
| |
| *'''[[I. I. Ivanov (biologist)|Ilya Ivanov]]''', researcher of [[artificial insemination]] and the [[interspecific hybrid]]ization of animals, attempted to create a [[human-ape hybrid]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Ivanovsky]]''', discoverer of [[virus]]es
| |
| *'''[[Georgii Karpechenko]]''', inventor of [[rabbage]] (the first ever non-sterile [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] obtained through [[crossbreeding]])
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Koltsov]]''', discoverer of [[cytoskeleton]]
| |
| *'''[[V. L. Komarov|Vladimir Komarov]]''', [[plant geographer]], President of the [[Soviet Academy of Sciences]], founder of the [[Komarov Botanical Institute]]
| |
| *'''[[Ilya Mechnikov]]''', pioneer researcher of [[immune system]], [[probiotics]] and [[phagocytosis]], coined the term ''[[gerontology]]'', [[Nobel Prize in Medicine]] winner
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Merezhkovsky]]''', major [[lichenologist]], developer of [[symbiogenesis]] theory, a founder of [[endosymbiosis]] theory
| |
| *'''[[I. V. Michurin|Ivan Michurin]]''', [[pomologist]], [[selection]]ist and [[geneticist]], practitioned [[hybrid (biology)|crossing]] of geographically distant plants, created hundreds of fruit [[cultivar]]s[[File:Michurin 1936.jpg|thumb|90px|[[I. V. Michurin|Ivan Michurin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Middendorf]]''', zoologist and explorer, studied the influence of [[permafrost]] on living beings, coined the term ''[[radula]]'', prominent [[horse breeder]]
| |
| *'''[[Victor Motschulsky]]''', prominent researcher of [[beetle]]s
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Navashin]]''', discovered [[double fertilization]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Olovnikov]]''', predicted existence of [[Telomerase]], suggested the [[Telomere hypothesis of aging]] and the [[Telomere relations to cancer]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Oparin]]''', biologist and [[biochemist]], proposed the "[[Primordial soup]]" theory of [[life origin]], showed that many [[food production]] processes are based on [[biocatalysis]]
| |
| *'''[[Heinz Christian Pander]]''', embryologist, discovered [[germ layers]]
| |
| *'''[[Peter Simon Pallas]]''', polymath naturalist, explorer, discoverer of multiple animals, including the [[Pallas's cat]], [[Pallas's Squirrel]], and [[Pallas's Gull]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Pavlov]]''', founder of modern [[physiology]], the first to research [[classical conditioning]], Nobel Prize in Medicine winner[[File:Nikolai Vavilov NYWTS.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nikolai Vavilov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Pravdich-Neminsky]]''', published the first [[EEG]] and the [[evoked potential]] of the mammalian brain
| |
| *'''[[Carl Schmidt (chemist)|Carl Schmidt]]''', researcher of biochemical crystal structures, proved the chemical similarity of [[animal]] and [[plant]] cells
| |
| *'''[[Boris Schwanwitsch]]''', entomologist, applied colour patterns of insect wings to [[military camouflage]] during [[World War II]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Sechenov]]''', founder of [[electrophysiology]] and [[neurophysiology]]
| |
| *'''[[Georg Wilhelm Steller]]''', naturalist, participant of [[Vitus Bering]]'s voyages, discoverer of [[Steller's Jay]], [[Steller's Eider]], extinct [[Steller's Sea Cow]] and multiple other animals
| |
| *'''[[Lina Stern]]''', pioneer researcher of [[blood–brain barrier]]
| |
| *'''[[Armen Takhtajan]]''', developer of [[Takhtajan system]] of [[flowering plant]] classification, major [[biogeographer]]
| |
| *'''[[Kliment Timiryazev]]''', plant physiologist and evolutionist, major researcher of [[chlorophyll]][[File:Vinogradsky.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Sergey Vinogradsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Lev Tsenkovsky]]''', pioneer researcher of the [[ontogenesis]] of [[lower plants]] and animals
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Tsvet]]''', inventor of [[chromatography]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Vavilov]]''', botanist and geneticist, gathered the world's largest collection of plant [[seed]]s, identified the [[centres of origin of main cultivated plants]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Vinogradsky]]''', microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist, pioneered the [[biogeochemical cycle]] concept, discovered [[lithotrophy]] and [[chemosynthesis]], invented the [[Winogradsky column]] for breeding of [[microorganism]]s
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Yefremov]]''', paleontologist, sci-fi author, founded [[taphonomy]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Zimov]]''', creator of the [[Pleistocene Park]]
| |
| | |
| ===Physicians and psychologists===
| |
| {{main|Russian physicians}}
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Bekhterev]]''', neuropathologist,[[File:Ilizarov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Gavriil Ilizarov]]]] founder of [[objective psychology]], noted the role of the [[hippocampus]] in memory, a developer of [[reflexology]], studied the [[Bekhterev’s Disease]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Betz]]''', discovered [[Betz cells]] of [[primary motor cortex]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Botkin]]''', major [[therapist]] and court physician
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Burdenko]]''', major developer of [[neurosurgery]]
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Buteyko]]''', developed the [[Buteyko method]] for the treatment of breathing disorders
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Demikhov]]''', major pioneer of [[transplantology]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Filatov]]''', [[ophthalmologist]], [[corneal transplantation]] pioneer
| |
| *'''[[Svyatoslav Fyodorov]]''', inventor of [[radial keratotomy]]
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Gause]]''', inventor of [[gramicidin S]] and other [[antibiotics]][[File:Ilya Mechnikov nobel.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Ilya Mechnikov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Oleg Gazenko]]''', founder of [[space medicine]]; selected and trained [[Laika]], the first [[space dog]]
| |
| *'''[[Vera Gedroitz]]''', the first female Professor of [[Surgery]] in the world
| |
| *'''[[Waldemar Haffkine]]''', invented the first vaccines against [[cholera]] and [[bubonic plague]]
| |
| *'''[[Gavriil Ilizarov]]''', invented [[Ilizarov apparatus]], developed [[distraction osteogenesis]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Korotkov]]''', invented [[auscultatory blood pressure measurement]], pioneered [[vascular surgery]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Korsakov]]''', studied the effects of [[alcoholism]] on the [[nervous system]], described [[Korsakoff's syndrome]], introduced [[paranoia]] concept
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Leontyev]]''', founder of [[activity theory]] in psychology
| |
| *'''[[Peter Lesgaft]]''', founder of the modern system of [[physical education]] in Russia
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Luria]]''', co-developer of activity theory and [[cultural-historical psychology]], major researcher of [[aphasia]]
| |
| *'''[[Ilya Mechnikov]]''', pioneer researcher of [[immune system]], [[probiotics]] and [[phagocytosis]]; coined the term ''[[gerontology]]'', [[Nobel Prize in Medicine]] winner[[File:Ivan Pavlov (Nobel).png|thumb|90px|[[Ivan Pavlov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Nikolsky]]''', [[dermatologist]], discoveror of [[Nikolsky's sign]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Olovnikov]]''', predicted existence of [[Telomerase]], suggested the [[Telomere hypothesis of aging]] and the [[Telomere relations to cancer]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Pavlov]]''', founder of modern [[physiology]], the first to research [[classical conditioning]], Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Pirogov]]''', pioneer of [[ether]] [[anaesthesia]] and modern [[field surgery]], the first to perform anaesthesia in the field conditions, invented a number of surgical operations
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Rogozov]]''', performed an [[appendectomy]] on himself during the 6th [[Soviet Antarctic Expedition]], a famous case of [[self-surgery]]
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Rossolimo]]''', pioneer of child [[neuropsychology]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Sechenov]]''', founder of [[electrophysiology]] and [[neurophysiology]], author of the classic work ''[[Reflex]]es of the [[Brain]]''[[File:Sechenov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Ivan Sechenov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Lina Stern]]''', pioneer researcher of [[blood–brain barrier]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Uglov]]''', the oldest practicing surgeon in history
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Varshavsky]]''', researched [[ubiquitin]]ation, [[Wolf Prize in Medicine]] winner
| |
| *'''[[Luka Voyno-Yasenetsky]]''', founder of [[purulent]] [[surgery]], saint
| |
| *'''[[Lev Vygotsky]]''', founder of [[cultural-historical psychology]], major contributor to [[child development]] and [[psycholinguistics]], introduced [[zone of proximal development]] and [[cultural mediation]] concepts
| |
| *'''[[Josias Weitbrecht]]''', the first to describe the construction and function of [[intervertebral disc]]s
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Yudin]]''', inventor of [[cadaveric blood transfusion]]
| |
| *'''[[Bluma Zeigarnik]]''', psychiatrist, discovered the [[Zeigarnik effect]], founded experimental [[psychopathology]]
| |
| | |
| ===Economists and sociologists===
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Chayanov]]''', developed the [[consumption-labour-balance principle]][[File:Leonid Kantorovich 1975.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Leonid Kantorovich]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Georges Gurvitch]]''', major developer of [[sociology of knowledge]] and [[sociology of law]]
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Kantorovich]]''', mathematician and economist, founded [[linear programming]], developed the theory of [[optimal allocation]] of resources, [[Nobel Prize in Economics]] winner
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Kondratiev]]''', discoverer of the [[Kondratiev wave]]s
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Korotayev]]''', historian, anthropologist, a founder of [[cliodynamics]], prominent developer of [[social cycle theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Gleb Krzhizhanovsky]]''', developer of the [[GOELRO plan]], the first Chief of [[Gosplan]]
| |
| *'''[[Simon Kuznets]]''', discovered the [[Kuznets swing]]s, built the [[Kuznets curve]], disproved the [[Absolute Income Hypothesis]], Nobel Prize in Economics winner
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Lenin]]''', leader of the [[October Revolution]] and founder of the [[Soviet Union]], introduced [[planned economy]] and [[Leninism]][[File:Питирим Сорокин.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Pitirim Sorokin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Evsei Liberman]]''', laid the scientific support for the Soviet [[1965 Soviet economic reform|Kosygin reform]] in economy
| |
| *'''[[Wassily Leontief]]''', developed [[input-output analysis]] and the [[Leontief paradox]], Nobel Prize in Economics winner
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Nemchinov]]''', created the mathematical basis for the Soviet [[central planning]]
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Orlov]]''', founder of the [[Free Economic Society]]
| |
| *'''[[Pitirim Sorokin]]''', sociologist, a prominent developer of the [[social cycle theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Stanislav Strumilin]]''', pioneer of the [[planned economy]], developed the first [[Five-Year Plans for the National Economy of the Soviet Union|five-year plans]]
| |
| | |
| ===Historians and archeologists===
| |
| {{main|Russian historians}}
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Artamonov]]''', historian and archaeologist,[[File:Artamonov student.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Artamonov]]]] founder of modern [[Khazar]] studies, excavated a great number of [[Scythian]] and Khazar [[kurgan]]s and settlements, including [[Sarkel]]
| |
| *'''[[Artemiy Artsikhovsky]]''', archaeologist, discoverer of [[birch bark document]]s in [[Novgorod]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Bartold]]''', [[turkologist]], the ''"[[Edward Gibbon|Gibbon]] of [[Turkestan]]"'', an archaeologist of [[Samarcand]]
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin]]''', 19th-century historian and [[paleographer]], founder of the [[Bestuzhev Courses]] for women
| |
| *'''[[Nikita Bichurin]]''', a founder of [[Sinology]], published many documents on [[Chinese history|Chinese]] and [[Mongolian history]], opened the first Chinese-language school in Russia
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Danilevsky]]''', ethnologist, philosopher and historian, a founder of [[Eurasianism]], the first to present an account of history as a series of distinct [[civilisations]]
| |
| *'''[[Igor Diakonov]]''', historian and linguist, a prominent researcher of [[Sumer]] and [[Assyria]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Farmakovsky]]''', archaeologist of [[Ancient Greek]] colony [[Olbia, Ukraine|Olbia]][[File:Nikolay Danilevski.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nikolay Danilevsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Golenishchev]]''', egyptologist, excavated [[Wadi Hammamat]], discovered over 6,000 antiquities, including the ''[[Moscow Mathematical Papyrus]]'', the ''[[Story of Wenamun]]'', and various [[Fayum portraits]]
| |
| *'''[[Timofey Granovsky]]''', a founder of [[mediaeval studies]] in Russia, disproved the historicity of [[Vineta]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Grekov]]''', major researcher of [[Kievan Rus']] and the [[Golden Horde]]
| |
| *'''[[Lev Gumilev]]''', historian and ethnologist, prominent researcher of the ancient [[Central Asia]]n peoples, related [[ethnogenesis]] and [[biosphere]], influenced the rise of [[Neo-Eurasianism]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Hessen]]''', physicist who brought [[externalism]] into modern [[historiography of science]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Kafarov]]''', prominent sinologist, discovered ''[[The Secret History of the Mongols]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Karamzin]]''', [[sentimentalist]] writer and historian, author of the 12-volume ''History of the Russian State''[[File:Tropinin karamzin.JPG|thumb|90px|[[Nikolai Karamzin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Klyuchevsky]]''', dominated Russian historiography at the turn of the 20th century, shifted focus from politics and society to geography and economy
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Kazhdan]]''', [[Byzantinist]], editor of the ''[[Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nikodim Kondakov]]''', prominent researcher of [[Byzantine art]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Korotayev]]''', historian and anthropologist, a founder of [[cliodynamics]], a prominent developer of [[social cycle theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Kozlov]]''', explorer of Central Asia, discoverer of the ancient [[Tibetan people|Tangut]] city of [[Khara-Khoto]] and [[Xiongnu]] royal burials at [[Noin-Ula]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Likhachyov]]''', the first and foremost Russian [[sigillographer]], major developer of auxiliary historical disciplines
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky]]''', statesman, published the major ''Russian [[Genealogical]] Book''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lomonosov]]''', polymath scientist and artist, the first opponent of the [[Normanist theory]], published an early account of Russian history
| |
| *'''[[Friedrich Martens]]''', legal historian, drafted the [[Martens Clause]] of the [[Hague Peace Conference]][[File:MAntokolsky Nestor.JPG|thumb|90px|[[St. Nestor]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Minorsky]]''', prominent historian of [[Persia]]
| |
| *'''[[Yagutil Mishiev]]''', an author of books about the history of [[Derbent]], [[Dagestan]], [[Russia]]
| |
| *'''[[Gerhardt Friedrich Müller]]''', co-founder of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]], explorer and the first academic historian of [[Siberia]], a founder of [[ethnography]], author of the first academic account of [[Russian history]], put forth the [[Normanist theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksei Musin-Pushkin]]''', prominent collector of ancient Russian manuscripts, discoverer of ''[[The Tale of Igor's Campaign]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nestor the Chronicler]]''', author of the ''[[Primary Chronicle]]'' (the first [[East Slav]]ic chronicle) and several [[hagiographies]], saint
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Okladnikov]]''', prominent historian and archaeologist of [[Siberia]] and [[Mongolia]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Oldenburg]]''', a founder of Russian [[Indology]] and the [[Academic Institute of Oriental Studies]]
| |
| *'''[[George Ostrogorsky]]''', preeminent 20th-century [[Byzantinist]]
| |
| *'''[[Avraamy Palitsyn]]''', 17th-century historian of the [[Time of Troubles]]
| |
| *'''[[Evgeny Pashukanis]]''', legal historian, wrote ''The General Theory of Law and [[Marxism]]''[[File:Charsolomon TProskouriakoff.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Tatyana Proskuryakova]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Piotrovsky]]''', prominent researcher of [[Urartu]], [[Scythia]], and [[Nubia]], long-term director of the [[Hermitage Museum]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Piotrovsky]]''', orientalist, current director of the [[Hermitage Museum]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Pogodin]]''', leading mid-19th-century Russian historian, proponent of the [[Normanist theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Pokrovsky]]''', [[Marxist]] historian prominent in 1920s
| |
| *'''[[Natalia Polosmak]]''', archaeologist of [[Pazyryk burials]], discoverer of [[Pazyryk Ice Maiden]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Polovtsov]]''', statesman, historian and [[Maecenas]], founder of the Russian Historian Society
| |
| *'''[[Tatyana Proskuryakova]]''', [[Mayanist]] scholar and archaeologist, deciphered the ancient [[Maya script]]
| |
| *'''[[Semyon Remezov]]''', cartographer and the first historian of [[Siberia]], author of the ''[[Remezov Chronicle]]''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Rostovtsev]]''', archeologist and economist, the first to thoroughly examine the social and economic systems of the [[Ancient World]], excavated [[Dura-Europos]][[File:Solovjev S. M..jpg|thumb|90px|[[Sergey Solovyov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nicholas Roerich]]''', painter, archeologist, explorer of Central Asia, initiated the international [[Roerich’s Pact]] on historical monuments protection
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Rudenko]]''', discoverer of [[Scythian]] [[Pazyryk burials]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Rybakov]]''', historian and chief Soviet archaeologist for 40 years, primary opponent of the [[Normanist theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Sarianidi]]''', discoverer of the [[Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex]] and the ''[[Bactrian Gold]]'' in Central Asia
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Shcherbatov]]''', a man of [[Russian Enlightenment]], conservative historian
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Solovyov]]''', principal Russian 19th-century historian, author of the 29-volume ''History of Russia''
| |
| *'''[[V. V. Struve|Vasily Struve]]''', orientalist and historian of the [[Ancient World]], put forth the [[Marxist]] theory of five socio-economic formations that dominated the Soviet education
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Tarle]]''', author of the famous studies on [[Napoleon's invasion of Russia]] and on the [[Crimean War]][[File:Tatishchev.png|thumb|90px|[[Vasily Tatischev]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Tatischev]]''', statesman, geographer and historian, discovered and published the ''[[Russkaya Pravda]]'', ''[[Sudebnik]]'' and the controversial ''[[Ioachim Chronicle]]''; wrote the first full-scale account of Russian history
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Tikhomirov]]''', major [[paleographer]], published the ''[[Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles]]''
| |
| *'''[[Boris Turayev]]''', author of the first full-scale ''History of [[Ancient East]]''
| |
| *'''[[Peter Turchin]]''', population biologist and historian, coined the term ''[[cliodynamics]]''
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Uvarov]]''', founder of the first Russian archaeological society, discovered over 750 ancient [[kurgan]]s
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Yadrintsev]]''', discoverer of [[Genghis Khan]]'s capital [[Karakorum]] and the [[Orkhon script]] of ancient [[Türks]]
| |
| *'''[[Valentin Yanin]]''', preeminent researcher of the [[birch bark document]]s
| |
| | |
| ===Linguists and ethnographers===
| |
| {{main|Russian linguists}}
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Abaev]]''', major researcher of [[Iranian languages]][[File:Baudouin1.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Ivan Baudouin de Courtenay]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Afanasyev]]''', leading Russian [[folklorist]], recorded and published over 600 [[Russian fairy tales]], by far the largest folktale collection by any one man in the world
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Baudouin de Courtenay]]''', co-invented the concept of [[phoneme]] and the systematic treatment of [[linguistical alternation]]s, pioneered [[synchronic analysis]] and [[mathematical linguistics]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Bogoraz]]''', researcher of [[Chukchi people]], founder of the [[Institute of the Peoples of the North]]
| |
| *'''[[Otto von Böhtlingk]]''', prominent [[Indologist]] and [[Sanskrit grammarian]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Buslaev]]''', philologist and folklorist, representative of the [[Mythological school]] of [[comparative literature]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Dahl]]''', the [[Russian language]] [[lexicographer]] of the 19th century, folklorist and [[turkologist]], author of the ''[[Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language]]''
| |
| *'''[[Johann Gottlieb Georgi]]''', explorer, published the first full-scale work on ethnography of [[indigenous peoples of Russia]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Gerasimov]]''', medieval translator, diplomat and philologist, correspondent of European [[Renaissance]] scholars[[File:Портрет писателя Владимира Ивановича Даля.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Vladimir Dahl]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladislav Illich-Svitych]]''', founder of [[Nostratic]] linguistics
| |
| *'''[[Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov|Vyacheslav Ivanov]]''', founder of [[glottalic theory]] of [[Indo-European]] [[consonant]]ism
| |
| *'''[[Roman Jakobson]]''', preeminent 20th century linguist and literary theorist, a founder of [[phonology]], major [[Slavist]], author of [[Jackobson's Communication Model]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Kafarov]]''', prominent [[sinologist]], developed the [[cyrillization of Chinese]], discovered ''[[The Secret History of the Mongols]]''
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Knorozov]]''', linguist, [[epigrapher]] and ethnographer, deciphered the [[Maya script]], proposed a decipherment for the [[Indus script]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Krushevsky]]''', co-inventor of the concept of [[phoneme]] and the systematic treatment of linguistical alternations
| |
| *'''[[Gerasim Lebedev]]''', pioneer of [[Indology]], introduced [[Bengali script]] typing to Europe, founded the first European-style [[theater]] in India
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Likhachov]]''', major 20th century expert on [[Old Russian language]] and literature[[File:Miklukho-Maklai.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lomonosov]]''', polymath scientist and artist, wrote a [[grammar]] that reformed Russian literary language by combining [[Old Church Slavonic]] with vernacular tongue
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Lvov]]''', polymath artist and scientist, compiled the first significant collection of [[Russian folk songs]], published epic [[bylina]]s
| |
| *'''[[Richard Maack]]''', naturalist and ethographer of [[Siberia]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Malov]]''', turkologist, classified the [[Turkic alphabet (disambiguation)|Turkic alphabets]], deciphered the ancient [[Orkhon script]]
| |
| *'''[[Nicholas Marr]]''', put forth a pseudo-linguistic ''[[Japhetic theory]]'' on the [[origin of language]]
| |
| *'''[[Igor Melchuk]]''', structural linguist, author of [[Meaning-Text Theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai]]''', anthropologist who lived and traveled among the natives of [[Papua New Guinea]] and [[Pacific islands]], prominent [[anti-racist]]
| |
| *'''[[Semyon Novgorodov]]''', [[Yakuts|Yakut]] politician and linguist, creator of written [[Yakut language]] ([[Sakha scripts]])
| |
| *'''[[Marina Orlova (philologist)|Marina Orlova]]''', etymologist and [[Internet celebrity]], host of the most popular [[YouTube]] guru channel, ''HotForWords''[[File:Nikolai Trubetzkoy.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nikolai Trubetzkoy]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Stephan of Perm]]''', 14th century missionary, converted [[Komi Permyaks]] to Christianity and invented the [[Old Permic script]]
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Polivanov]]''', linguist, orientalist and [[polyglot (person)|polyglot]], developed the [[cyrillization of Japanese]]
| |
| *'''[[Nicholas Poppe]]''', prominent [[Altaic languages|Altaic-language]] researcher
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Propp]]''', [[Formalism (literature)|formalist]] scholar, major researcher of [[Folklore|folk tale]]s and [[mythology]]
| |
| *'''[[Isaac Jacob Schmidt]]''', the first researcher of [[Mongolian language]]
| |
| *'''[[Leopold von Schrenck]]''', naturalist and ethnographer, coined the term ''[[Paleo-Asiatic]] peoples'', the first director of the [[Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Shakhmatov]]''', a founder of [[textology]], prepared major 20th century [[reforms of Russian orthography]], pioneered the systematic research of [[Old Russian]] and medieval [[Russian literature]][[File:Zalizn 5.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Andrey Zaliznyak]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Lev Shcherba]]''', [[phonetician]] and [[phonologist]], author of the ''[[glokaya kuzdra]]'' phrase
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Shcherbatskoy]]''', [[Indologist]], initiated the scholarly study of [[Buddhist]] philosophy in the West
| |
| *'''[[Izmail Sreznevsky]]''', leading 19th century [[Slavist]], published ''[[Codex Zographensis]]'', ''[[Codex Marianus]]'' and ''[[Kiev Fragments]]''
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Starostin]]''', prominent supporter of [[Altaic languages|Altaic]] theory, proposed the [[Dené–Caucasian languages]] [[macrofamily]], reconstructed several Eurasian proto-languages
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Tatischev]]''', geographer, ethnographer and historian, compiled the first encyclopedic [[dictionary]] of [[Russian language]]
| |
| *'''[[Tenevil]]''', [[Chukchi people|Chukchi]] [[reindeer herder]] who created a writing system for the [[Chukchi language]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Trubetzkoy]]''', principal developer of [[phonology]] and inventor of [[morphophonology]], defined [[phoneme]], a founder of the [[Prague School]] of [[structural linguistics]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Ushakov]]''', author of the academic ''[[Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (Ushakov)|Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language]]''[[File:1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Ludwik Zamenhof]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Max Vasmer]]''', leading [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]], [[Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]] and [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] [[etymologist]], author of the ''Etymological dictionary of the [[Russian language]]''
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Vinogradov]]''', linguist and philologist, founder of the [[Russian Language Institute]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Vostokov]]''', coined the term ''[[Old Church Slavonic]]'', discovered the ''[[Ostromir Gospel]]'' (the most ancient book in [[East Slavic language]]), pioneered the research of [[Russian grammar]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Zaliznyak]]''', author of the comprehensive systematic description of Russian [[inflection]], prominent researcher of the [[Old Novgorod dialect]] and [[birch bark document]]s, proved the authentity of the ''[[Tale of Igor's Campaign]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ludwik Zamenhof]]''', inventor of [[Esperanto]], the most widely spoken [[Constructed language|constructed]] [[international auxiliary language]]
| |
| | |
| ===Mathematicians===
| |
| {{main|Russian mathematicians}}
| |
| *'''[[A. D. Aleksandrov|Aleksandr Aleksandrov]]''', developer of [[CAT(k) space]] and [[Alexandrov's uniqueness theorem]] in geometry[[File:Chebyshev.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Pafnuti Chebyshev]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Alexandrov]]''', author of the [[Alexandroff compactification]] and the [[Alexandrov topology]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitri Anosov]]''', developed [[Anosov diffeomorphism]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Arnold]]''', an author of the [[Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem]] in [[dynamical system]]s, solved [[Hilbert's 13th problem]], raised the [[ADE classification]] and [[Arnold's rouble problem]]s
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Bernstein]]''', developed the [[Bernstein polynomial]], [[Bernstein's theorem (disambiguation)|Bernstein's theorem]] and [[Bernstein inequalities in probability theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Bogolyubov]]''', mathematician and theoretical physicist, author of the [[edge-of-the-wedge theorem]], [[Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem]], [[describing function]] and multiple contributions to [[quantum mechanics]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Chebotaryov]]''', author of [[Chebotarev's density theorem]]
| |
| *'''[[Pafnuti Chebyshev]]''', prominent tutor and founding father of Russian mathematics,[[File:Leonhard Euler 2.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Leonhard Euler]]]] contributed to [[probability]], [[statistics]] and [[number theory]], author of the [[Chebyshev's inequality]], [[Chebyshev distance]], [[Chebyshev function]], [[Chebyshev equation]] etc.
| |
| *'''[[Boris Delaunay]]''', inventor of [[Delaunay triangulation]], organised the first [[Soviet Student Olympiad]] in mathematics
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Drinfeld]]''', mathematician and theoretical physicist, introduced [[quantum group]]s and [[ADHM construction]], [[Fields Medal]] winner
| |
| *'''[[Eugene Dynkin]]''', developed [[Dynkin diagram]], [[Doob–Dynkin lemma]] and [[Dynkin system]] in [[algebra]] and [[probability]]
| |
| *'''[[Leonhard Euler]]''', preeminent 18th century mathematician, arguably the greatest of all time, made important discoveries in [[mathematical analysis]], [[graph theory]] and number theory, introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation ([[mathematical function]], [[Euler's number]], [[Euler circles]] etc.)
| |
| *'''[[Yevgraf Fyodorov]]''', identified [[Periodic graph (geometry)|Periodic graph]] in geometry, the first to identify all of the 230 [[space groups]] of crystals
| |
| *'''[[Boris Galerkin]]''', developed the [[Galerkin method]] in [[numerical analysis]][[File:Sofja Wassiljewna Kowalewskaja 1.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Sofia Kovalevskaya]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Israel Gelfand]]''', contributed to many areas of mathematics, including [[group theory]], [[representation theory]] and [[linear algebra]], author of the [[Gelfand representation]], [[Gelfand pair]], [[Gelfand triple]], [[integral geometry]] etc.
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Gelfond]]''', author of [[Gelfond's theorem]], provided means to obtain infinite number of [[transcendentals]], including [[Gelfond–Schneider constant]] and [[Gelfond's constant]], [[Wolf Prize in Mathematics]] winner
| |
| *'''[[M. L. Gromov|Mikhail Gromov]]''', a prominent developer of [[geometric group theory]], inventor of [[homotopy principle]], introduced Gromov's compactness theorems in [[Gromov's compactness theorem (geometry)|geometry]] and [[Gromov's compactness theorem (topology)|topology]], [[Gromov norm]], [[Gromov product]] etc., Wolf Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Kantorovich]]''', founder of [[linear programming]], introduced the [[Kantorovich inequality]] and [[Kantorovich metric]], developed the theory of [[optimal allocation]] of resources, [[Nobel Prize in Economics]] winner
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Khinchin]]''', developed the [[Pollaczek-Khinchine formula]], [[Wiener–Khinchin theorem]] and [[Khinchin inequality]] in probability[[File:Lobachevsky cropped.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nikolai Lobachevsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Kolmogorov]]''', preeminent 20th century mathematician, Wolf Prize winner; developed [[probability axioms]], [[Chapman–Kolmogorov equation]] and [[Kolmogorov extension theorem]] in [[probability]]; [[Kolmogorov complexity]] etc.
| |
| *'''[[Maxim Kontsevich]]''', author of the [[Kontsevich integral]] and [[Kontsevich quantization formula]], Fields Medal winner
| |
| *'''[[Sofia Kovalevskaya]]''', the first woman professor in Northern Europe and Russia, the first female professor of mathematics, discovered the [[Kovalevskaya Top]]
| |
| *'''[[Mark Krein]]''', developed the [[Tannaka-Krein duality]], [[Krein–Milman theorem]] and [[Krein space]], Wolf Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[N. M. Krylov|Nikolay Krylov]]''', author of the [[edge-of-the-wedge theorem]], [[Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem]] and [[describing function]]
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Linnik]]''', developed [[Linnik's theorem]] in [[analytic number theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Lobachevsky]]''', a ''[[Copernicus]] of [[Geometry]]'' who created the first [[non-Euclidean]] geometry ([[Lobachevskian]] or [[hyperbolic geometry]])[[File:Alexander Ljapunow jung.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Aleksandr Lyapunov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Lusin]]''', developed [[Luzin's theorem]], [[Polish space#Lusin spaces|Luzin spaces]] and [[Luzin set]]s in [[descriptive set theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Lyapunov]]''', founder of [[stability theory]], author of the [[Lyapunov's central limit theorem]], [[Lyapunov equation]], [[Lyapunov fractal]], [[Lyapunov time]] etc.
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Manin]]''', author of the [[Gauss–Manin connection]] in [[algebraic geometry]], [[Manin-Mumford conjecture]] and [[Manin obstruction]] in [[diophantine geometry]]
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Margulis]]''', worked on [[Lattice (discrete subgroup)|lattice]]s in [[Lie groups]], Wolf Prize and [[Fields Medal]] winner
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Markov]]''', invented the [[Markov chain]]s, proved [[Markov brothers' inequality]], author of the [[hidden Markov model]], [[Markov number]], [[Markov property]], [[Markov's inequality]], [[Markov process]]es, [[Markov random field]], [[Markov algorithm]] etc.
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Matiyasevich]]''', author of [[Matiyasevich's theorem]] in [[set theory]], provided negative solution for [[Hilbert's tenth problem]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Novikov]]''', solved the [[word problem for groups]] and [[Burnside's problem]][[File:AAMarkov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Andrey Markov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[S. P. Novikov|Sergey Novikov]]''', worked on [[algebraic topology]] and [[soliton theory]], developed [[Adams–Novikov spectral sequence]] and [[Novikov conjecture]], Wolf Prize and Fields Medal winner
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Okounkov]]''', researcher of [[infinite symmetric group]]s and [[Hilbert scheme]], Fields Medal winner
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Ostrogradsky]]''', mathematician and physicist, author of [[divergence theorem]] and [[partial fractions in integration]]
| |
| *'''[[Grigori Perelman]]''', major contributor to [[Riemannian geometry]] and [[topology]], proved [[Geometrization conjecture]] and [[Poincaré conjecture]], won a [[Fields medal]] and the first Clay [[Millennium Prize Problems]] Award (declined both)
| |
| *'''[[Lev Pontryagin]]''', blind mathematician, developed [[Pontryagin duality]] and [[Pontryagin class]]es in topology, and [[Pontryagin's minimum principle]] in [[optimal control]]
| |
| *'''[[Lev Schnirelmann]]''', developed the [[Lusternik–Schnirelmann category]] in topology and [[Schnirelmann density]] of numbers[[File:Sobolev S L.jpeg|thumb|90px|[[Sergei Sobolev]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Moses Schönfinkel]]''', inventor of [[combinatory logic]]
| |
| *'''[[Yakov Sinai]]''', developed the [[Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy]] and [[Sinai billiard]], Wolf Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Stanislav Smirnov]]''', prominent researcher of [[triangular lattice]], Fields Medalist
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Sobolev]]''', introduced the [[Sobolev space]]s and [[mathematical distribution]]s, co-developed the first [[ternary computer]] ''[[Setun]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Steklov]]''', founder of [[Steklov Institute of Mathematics]], proved theorems on [[generalized Fourier series]]
| |
| *'''[[Jakow Trachtenberg]]''', developed the [[Trachtenberg system]] of [[mental calculation]]
| |
| *'''[[A. N. Tikhonov|Andrey Tikhonov]]''', author of [[Tikhonov regularization]] of [[ill-posed problem]]s, [[Tikhonov space]] and [[Tychonoff's theorem|Tikhonov's theorem]] (central in [[general topology]]), invented [[magnetotellurics]]
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Urysohn]]''', developed the [[metrization theorems]], [[Urysohn's Lemma]] and [[Fréchet–Urysohn space]] in topology
| |
| *'''[[N. A. Vasiliev|Nicolay Vasilyev]]''', inventor of [[non-Aristotelian logic]], the forerunner of [[Paraconsistent logic|paraconsistent]] and [[multi-valued logic]]s
| |
| *'''[[I. M. Vinogradov|Ivan Vinogradov]]''', developed [[Vinogradov's theorem]] and [[Pólya–Vinogradov inequality]] in [[analytic number theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Voevodsky]]''', introduced a [[homotopy theory]] for schemes and modern [[motivic cohomology]], Fields Medalist
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Voronoy]]''', invented the [[Voronoi diagram]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Yegorov]]''', author of [[Egorov's Theorem]] in [[mathematical analysis]]
| |
| *'''[[Efim Zelmanov]]''', solved the [[restricted Burnside problem]], Fields Medal winner
| |
| | |
| ===Astronomers and cosmologists===
| |
| {{main|Russian astronomers}}
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Ambartsumian]]''', one of the founders of [[theoretical astrophysics]], discoverer of [[stellar associations]], founder of [[Byurakan Observatory]][[File:Aleksandr Fridman cropped.png|thumb|90px|[[Alexander Fridman]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Belinski]]''', an author of the [[BKL singularity]] model of the Universe
| |
| *'''[[Aristarkh Belopolsky]]''', invented a [[spectrograph]] based on the [[Doppler effect]], among the first photographers of [[stellar spectra]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Bredikhin]]''', developed the theory of [[comet]] tails, [[meteor]]s and [[meteor shower]]s, a director of the [[Pulkovo Observatory]]
| |
| *'''[[Jacob Bruce]]''', statesman, naturalist and astronomer, founder of the first [[observatory]] in Russia (in the [[Sukharev Tower]])
| |
| *'''[[Lyudmila Chernykh]]''', astronomer, discovered 268 [[asteroid]]s
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Chernykh]]''', astronomer, discovered 537 asteroids and 2 comets
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Fridman]]''', discovered the [[Friedmann equations]] ([[metric expansion of space]] solution to the [[general relativity]] [[Einstein field equations|field equations]]), an author of the [[FLRW]] metric of Universe
| |
| *'''[[George Gamow]]''', discovered [[alpha decay]] via [[quantum tunneling]] and [[Gamow factor]] in [[stellar nucleosynthesis]], [[File:GamovGA 1930.jpg|thumb|90px|[[George Gamow]]]] introduced the [[big bang nucleosynthesis]] theory, predicted [[cosmic microwave background]]
| |
| *'''[[Matvey Gusev]]''', the first to prove the non-sphericity of the [[Moon]], pioneer of photography in astronomy
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Kardashev]]''', astrophysicist, inventor of [[Kardashev scale]] for ranking the space civilizations
| |
| *'''[[Isaak Khalatnikov]]''', an author of the [[BKL singularity]]
| |
| *'''[[Marian Kowalski]]''', the first to measure the rotation of the [[Milky Way]]
| |
| *'''[[Anders Johan Lexell]]''', mathematician, researcher of [[celestial mechanics]] and [[comet]] astronomy, proved that [[Uranus]] is a planet rather than a [[comet]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Linde]]''', created the [[chaotic inflation theory]] of the Universe
| |
| *'''[[Evgeny Lifshitz]]''', an author of the [[BKL singularity]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lomonosov]]''' polymath, invented the [[off-axis reflecting telescope]], discovered the [[atmosphere of Venus]][[File:Struve.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Friedrich Wilhelm Struve]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov]]''', invented the [[Maksutov telescope]]
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Safronov]]''', author of the [[planetesimal]] hypothesis of [[planet formation]]
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Shayn]]''', the first director of the [[Crimean Astrophysical Observatory]], co-developed a method for [[stellar rotation]] measurement
| |
| *'''[[Iosif Shklovsky]]''', prominent [[radio astronomer]], [[cosmic rays]] and [[extraterrestrial life]] researcher
| |
| *'''[[Friedrich Wilhelm Struve]]''', founder and the first director of the [[Pulkovo Observatory]], prominent researcher of [[double stars]], initiated the construction of 2,820 km long [[Struve Geodetic Arc]], progenitor of the [[Struve family]] of astronomers
| |
| *'''[[Otto Lyudvigovich Struve]]''', co-developed a method for [[stellar rotation]] measurement, directed several U.S. observatories
| |
| *'''[[Otto Wilhelm von Struve]]''', director of the Pulkovo Observatory, discovered over 500 [[double stars]]
| |
| *'''[[Rashid Sunyaev]]''', co-predicted the [[Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect]] of CMB distortion[[File:Sunyaev.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Rashid Sunyaev]]]]
| |
| *'''[[George Volkoff]]''', predicted the existence of [[neutron stars]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Vorontsov-Velyaminov]]''', discovered the absorption of light by [[interstellar dust]], author of the ''[[Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Yarkovsky]]''', discovered the [[YORP]] and [[Yarkovsky effect]] of [[meteoroid]]s and [[asteroid]]s
| |
| *'''[[A.L. Zaitsev|Aleksandr Zaitsev]]''', coined the term ''[[Messaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence]]'', conducted the first intercontinental [[radar astronomy]] experiment, transmitted the [[Cosmic Call]]s
| |
| *'''[[Yakov Zeldovich]]''', physicist, astrophysicist and cosmologist, the first to suggest that [[accretion disc]]s around massive [[black hole]]s are responsible for the [[quasar]] radiation, co-predicted the [[Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect]]
| |
| | |
| ===Physicists===
| |
| {{main|Russian physicists}}
| |
| *'''[[A. A. Abrikosov|Alexei Abrikosov]]''', discovered how [[magnetic flux]] can penetrate a [[superconductor]] (the [[Abrikosov vortex]]),[[File:Zhores Alferov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Zhores Alferov]]]] [[Nobel Prize]] winner
| |
| *'''[[Franz Aepinus]]''', related [[electricity]] and [[magnetism]], proved the electric nature of [[pyroelectricity]], explained [[electric polarization]] and [[electrostatic induction]], invented [[Achromatic lens|achromatic]] [[microscope]]
| |
| *'''[[Zhores Alferov]]''', inventor of modern [[heterotransistor]], Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Lev Artsimovich]]''', builder of the first [[tokamak]], researcher of high temperature [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]]
| |
| *'''[[Gurgen Askaryan]]''', predicted [[self focusing]] of light, discovered [[Askaryan effect]] in the [[particle physics]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Basov]]''', physicist, co-inventor of [[laser]] and [[maser]], Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Bogolyubov]]''', co-developed the [[BBGKY hierarchy]], formulated a microscopic theory of [[superconductivity]], suggested a triplet [[quark]] model, introduced a new quantum degree of freedom ([[color charge]])
| |
| *'''[[Gersh Budker]]''', invented [[electron cooling]], co-invented [[collider]][[File:Moritz Hermann von Jacobi 1856.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Boris Jacobi]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Chaplygin]]''', a founder of [[aerodynamics|aero-]] and [[hydrodynamics]], formulated the [[Chaplygin's equation]]s and [[Chaplygin gas]] concept
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Cherenkov]]''', discoverer of [[Cherenkov radiation]], Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Denisyuk]]''', inventor of [[Holography|3D holography]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Dollezhal]]''', designer of the reactor for the [[first nuclear power plant]], developer of [[VVER]]-type reactors
| |
| *'''[[Ludvig Faddeev]]''', discoverer of [[Faddeev–Popov ghosts]] and [[Faddeev equations]] in [[quantum physics]]
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Flyorov]]''', an initiator of the [[Soviet atomic bomb project]], co-discoverer of [[seaborgium]] and [[bohrium]], founder of the [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Fock]]''', developed the [[Fock space]], [[Fock state]] and the [[Hartree–Fock method]] in [[quantum mechanics]]
| |
| *'''[[Ilya Frank]]''', explained the phenomenon of [[Cherenkov radiation]], Nobel Prize winner[[File:Pyotr L Kapitsa Russian physicist 1964.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Pyotr Kapitsa]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Yakov Frenkel]]''', introduced the notion of [[electron hole]], discovered the [[Frenkel defect]] of a [[crystal lattice]], described the [[Poole–Frenkel effect]] in [[solid-state physics]]
| |
| *'''[[Andre Geim]]''', inventor of [[graphene]], developer of [[gecko tape]], Nobel Prize winner, and also [[Ig Nobel Prize]] winner for [[diamagnetic levitation]] of a living [[frog]]
| |
| *'''[[Vitaly Ginzburg]]''', co-author of the [[Ginzburg–Landau theory]] of [[superconductivity]], a developer of [[hydrogen bomb]], Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Gribov]]''', introduced [[pomeron]], [[DGLAP]] equations and [[Gribov ambiguity]]
| |
| *'''[[Abram Ioffe]]''', founder of the Soviet physics school, tutor of many prominent scientists
| |
| *'''[[Dmitri Ivanenko]]''', proposed the first [[atomic nucleus]] and [[nuclear shell model]]s, predicted the [[synchrotron radiation]], author of the hypothesis of [[quark stars]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Jacobi]]''', formulated the [[Maximum power theorem]] in [[electrical engineering]], invented [[electroplating]], [[electrotyping]], [[galvanoplastic sculpture]] and [[electric boat]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Kapitsa]]''', originated the techniques for creating ultrastrong [[magnetic field]]s, co-discovered a way to measure the magnetic field of an [[atomic nucleus]] discovered [[superfluidity]], Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Yuly Khariton]]''', chief designer of the [[Soviet atomic bomb]], co-developer of the [[Tsar Bomb]]
| |
| *'''[[Orest Khvolson]]''', the first to study the [[Chwolson ring]] effect of [[gravitational lensing]]
| |
| *'''[[Igor Kurchatov]]''', builder of the first [[nuclear power plant]], developer of the first [[marine nuclear reactor]]s for surface ships
| |
| *'''[[Lev Landau]]''', theoretical physicist, developed the [[Ginzburg–Landau theory]] of [[superconductivity]], explained the [[Landau damping]] in [[plasma physics]], pointed out the [[Landau pole]] in [[quantum electrodynamics]], co-author of the famous ''[[Course of Theoretical Physics]]'', Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Landsberg]]''', co-discoverer of [[Raman scattering]] of light
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lavrentyev]]''', founder of the [[Siberia]]n Division of the [[Soviet Academy of Sciences]] and [[Akademgorodok]] in [[Novosibirsk]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Lebedev]]''', the first to measure the [[radiation pressure]] on a solid body, thus privoving the [[Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism]][[File:Landau.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Lev Landau]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Heinrich Lenz]]''', discovered the [[Lenz's law]] of [[electromagnetism]]
| |
| *'''[[Evgeny Lifshitz]]''', an author of the [[BKL singularity]] model of the Universe, co-author of the ''[[Course of Theoretical Physics]]''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lomonosov]]''', polymath scientist, artist and inventor; proposed the law of [[conservation of matter]], disproved the [[phlogiston theory]]
| |
| *'''[[Oleg Losev]]''', inventor of [[light-emitting diode]] and [[crystadine]]
| |
| *'''[[A. A. Makarov|Alexander Makarov]]''', inventor of [[orbitrap]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Mamyrin]]''', inventor of [[reflectron]]
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Mandelshtam]]''', co-discoverer of [[Raman effect]]
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Novoselov]]''', inventor of [[graphene]], developer of [[gecko tape]], Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[V. V. Petrov|Vasily Petrov]]''', discoverer of [[electric arc]], proposed [[arc lamp]] and [[arc welding]][[File:Emil Lenz.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Heinrich Lenz]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Podolsky]]''', an author of [[EPR Paradox]] in [[quantum physics]]
| |
| *'''[[A. M. Polyakov|Alexander Polyakov]]''', developed the concepts of [[Polyakov action]], [['t Hooft–Polyakov monopole]] and [[BPST instanton]]
| |
| *'''[[Isaak Pomeranchuk]]''', predicted [[synchrotron radiation]]
| |
| *'''[[Bruno Pontecorvo]]''', a founder of [[neutrino]] [[high energy physics]], whose work led to the discovery of [[PMNS matrix]]
| |
| *'''[[A. Popov|Alexander Popov]]''', inventor of [[lightning detector]], one of the [[inventors of radio]], recorded the first experimental [[radiolocation]] at sea
| |
| *'''[[Victor Popov]]''', co-discoverer of [[Faddeev–Popov ghost]]s in quantum field theory
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Prokhorov]]''', co-inventor of [[laser]] and [[maser]], Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Georg Wilhelm Richmann]]''', inventor of [[electrometer]], pioneer researcher of [[atmospheric electricity]], killed by a [[ball lightning]] in experiment
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Sakharov]]''', co-developer of [[tokamak]] and the [[Tsar Bomb]], inventor of [[explosively pumped flux compression generator]], [[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner[[File:Vasily petrov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[V. V. Petrov|Vasily Petrov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Semyonov]]''', physical chemist, co-discovered a way to measure the magnetic field of an [[atomic nucleus]], Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner
| |
| *'''[[Lev Shubnikov]]''', discoverer of [[Shubnikov–de Haas effect]], one of the first researchers of [[solid hydrogen]] and [[liquid helium]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitri Skobeltsyn]]''', the first to use [[cloud chamber]] for studying [[cosmic rays]], the first to observe [[positron]]s
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Stoletov]]''', inventor of [[photoelectric cell]], built the [[Stoletov curve]], pioneered the research of [[ferromagnetism]]
| |
| *'''[[Igor Tamm]]''', explained the phenomenon of [[Cherenkov radiation]], co-developer of [[tokamak]], Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Umov]]''', discovered the [[Umov-Poynting vector]] and [[Umov effect]], the first to propose the formula [[Mass–energy equivalence|<small><math>E=kmc^2</math></small>]]
| |
| *'''[[Petr Ufimtsev]]''', developed the theory that led to modern [[stealth technology]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Vavilov]]''', co-discoverer of [[Cherenkov radiation]], formulated the [[Kasha–Vavilov rule]] of [[quantum yield]]s[[File:Alexander stoletov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Aleksandr Stoletov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Veksler]]''', inventor of [[synchrophasotron]], co-inventor of [[synchrotron]]
| |
| *'''[[Evgeny Velikhov]]''', leader of the international program [[ITER]] (thermonuclear experimental [[tokamak]])
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Yekimov]]''', discoverer of [[quantum dot]]s
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Zavoisky]]''', inventor of [[EPR spectroscopy]], co-developer of [[NMR spectroscopy]]
| |
| *'''[[Yakov Zeldovich]]''', physicist and cosmologist, predicted the [[beta decay]] of a [[pi meson]] and the [[muon]] [[catalysis]], co-predicted the [[Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect]] of CMB distortion
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky|Nikolai Zhukovsky]]''', a founder of [[aerodynamics|aero-]] and [[hydrodynamics]], the first to study airflow, author of [[Joukowsky transform]] and [[Kutta–Joukowski theorem]], founder of [[TsAGI]], pioneer of aviation
| |
| | |
| ===Chemists and material scientists===
| |
| {{main|Russian chemists}}
| |
| *'''[[Ernest Beaux]]''', inventor of [[Chanel No. 5]], ''"the world's most legendary fragrance"''[[File:Butlerov A.png|thumb|90px|[[Aleksandr Butlerov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Beketov]]''', inventor of [[aluminothermy]], a founder of [[physical chemistry]]
| |
| *'''[[Friedrich Konrad Beilstein]]''', proposed the [[Beilstein test]] for [[halogen]] detection, compiled the [[Beilstein database]] in [[organic chemistry]]
| |
| *'''[[B. P. Belousov|Boris Belousov]]''', discoverer of [[Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction]], a classical example of [[non-equilibrium thermodynamics]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Borodin]]''', chemist and composer, the author of the famous opera ''[[Prince Igor]]'', discovered [[Borodin reaction]], co-discovered [[Aldol reaction]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Butlerov]]''', discovered [[hexamine]], [[formaldehyde]] and [[formose reaction]] (the first synthesis of [[sugar]]), the first to incorporate [[double bond]]s into structural formulae, a founder of [[organic chemistry]] and the theory of [[chemical structure]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Chernov]]''', founder of modern [[metallography]], discovered [[Polymorphism (materials science)|polymorphism]] in metals, built the [[iron]]-[[carbon]] [[phase diagram]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksei Chichibabin]]''', discovered [[Chichibabin pyridine synthesis]], [[Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis]] and [[Chichibabin reaction]]
| |
| *'''[[Karl Ernst Claus]]''', chemist and botanist, discoverer of [[ruthenium]][[File:Jewgraf Stepanowitsch Fjodorow.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Yevgraf Fyodorov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Dianin]]''', discovered [[Bisphenol A]] and [[Dianin's compound]]
| |
| *'''[[Constantin Fahlberg]]''', inventor of [[saccharin]], the first [[artificial sweetener]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Favorsky]]''', discoverer of [[Favorskii rearrangement]] and [[Favorskii reaction]] in organic chemistry
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Frumkin]]''', a founder of modern [[electrochemistry]], author of the theory of [[electrode]] reactions
| |
| *'''[[Yevgraf Fyodorov]]''', the first to enumerate all of the 230 [[space group]]s of [[crystal]]s, thus founding the modern [[crystallography]]
| |
| *'''[[Andre Geim]]''', inventor of [[graphene]], developer of [[gecko tape]], Nobel Prize in Physics winner
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Ipatieff]]''', inventor of [[Ipatieff bomb]], a founder of [[petrochemistry]]
| |
| *'''[[Isidore (inventor)|Isidore]]''', legendary inventor of [[Russian vodka]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Jacobi]]''', re-discovered and commercialized [[electroplating]][[File:Sergey Lebedev.jpg|thumb|90px|[[S. V. Lebedev|Sergei Lebedev]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Kapitsa]]''', discovered [[superfluidity]] while studying [[liquid helium]], Nobel Prize in Physics winner
| |
| *'''[[Gottlieb Kirchhoff]]''', discoverer of [[glucose]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Knunyants]]''', inventor of [[poly-caprolactam]], a developer of Soviet [[chemical weapons]]
| |
| *'''[[S. V. Lebedev|Sergei Lebedev]]''', inventor of [[polybutadiene]], the first commercially viable [[synthetic rubber]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lomonosov]]''', polymath, coined the term ''[[physical chemistry]]'', re-discovered [[smalt]], disproved the [[phlogiston theory]], the first to record the [[freezing]] of [[mercury (element)|mercury]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Loran]]''', inventor of [[fire fighting foam]]
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Novoselov]]''', inventor of [[graphene]], developer of [[gecko tape]], Nobel Prize in Physics winner
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Markovnikov]]''', author of the [[Markovnikov's rule]] in organic chemistry, discoverer of [[naphthenes]][[File:DIMendeleevCab.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Dmitri Mendeleyev]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitri Mendeleyev]]''', invented the [[Periodic table]] of [[chemical elements]], the first to predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered, inventor of [[pyrocollodion]], developer of [[pipeline transport|pipelines]] and a prominent researcher of [[vodka]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Menshutkin]]''', discoverer of [[Menshutkin reaction]] in organic chemistry
| |
| *'''[[Ilya Prigogine]]''', researcher of [[dissipative system]]s, [[complex systems]] and [[irreversibility]], Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Reformatsky]]''', discoverer of the [[Reformatsky reaction]] in organic chemistry
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Semyonov]]''', physical chemist, author of the [[chain reaction]] theory, Nobel Prize winner
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Shukhov]]''', polymath, inventor of [[chemical cracking]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Tsvet]]''', botanist, inventor of [[chromatography]]
| |
| *'''[[Victor Veselago]]''', the first researcher of materials with negative [[permittivity]] and [[Permeability (electromagnetism)|permeability]][[File:Tswett 01.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Tsvet]]]]
| |
| *'''[[D. I. Vinogradov|Dmitry Vinogradov]]''', inventor of the [[Russian porcelain]]
| |
| *'''[[Paul Walden]]''', discovered the [[Walden inversion]] and [[ethylammonium nitrate]], the first room temperature [[ionic liquid]]
| |
| *'''[[A. M. Zaytsev|Alexander Zaytsev]]''', author of the [[Zaitsev's rule]] in organic chemistry
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Zelinsky]]''', inventor of [[activated charcoal]] [[gas mask]] in Europe during [[World War I]], co-discoverer of [[Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation]], a founder of [[petrochemistry]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Zinin]]''', discovered [[benzidine]], co-discovered [[aniline]], the first President of the Russian Physical-Chemical Society
| |
| | |
| ===Philosophers===
| |
| {{main|Russian philosophers}}
| |
| | |
| ====Imperial period====
| |
| | |
| ====Soviet period====
| |
| | |
| ====Modern====
| |
| *'''[[Elena Oznobkina]]''', researcher and translator of [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]] and [[Edmund Husserl|Husserl]], theorist and critic of [[Russia]]n prison system, editor of Russian edition of [[Index on Censorship]] magazine, human rights activist.
| |
| | |
| ===Orientalists===
| |
| | |
| ====East Asian studies====
| |
| *'''[[Evgeny Torchinov]]''', academic, researcher and translator of texts of [[Buddhism]] and [[Taoism]] into [[Russian language|Russian]]. Founder of Chair of Eastern Philosophy at [[St. Petersburg State University]].
| |
| | |
| ====Middle East studies====
| |
| | |
| ==Art==
| |
| | |
| ===Visual arts===
| |
| | |
| ====Architects====
| |
| {{main|Russian architects}}
| |
| *'''[[Aloisio da Milano]]''', builder of the [[Kremlin towers]] and [[Terem Palace]][[File:Alexander brullov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Alexander Brullov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Aloisio the New]]''', builder of the [[Archangel Cathedral]]
| |
| *'''[[Gavriil Baranovsky]]''', builder of [[Elisseeff Emporium]] and the [[Buddhist]] Temple in [[St Petersburg]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Bazhenov]]''', architect of the [[Tsaritsyno Park]] and the [[Russian State Library]]
| |
| *'''[[Joseph Bové]]''', chief architect of Moscow after the [[Fire of Moscow (1812)|Fire of 1812]]
| |
| *'''[[Vincenzo Brenna]]''', court architect of [[Paul I of Russia]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Brullov]]''', builder of the [[Pulkovo Observatory]]
| |
| *'''[[Cameron (architect)|Charles Cameron]]''', architect of [[Tsarskoye Selo]] and [[Pavlovsk Palace]][[File:Shukin-Felten.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Yury Felten]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Alberto Cavos]]''', builder of the [[Bolshoi Theatre]] and the [[Mariinsky Theatre]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Dushkin]]''', inventor of the first [[deep column station]]
| |
| *'''[[Yury Felten]]''', mover of the [[Grom-Kamen|Thunder Stone]], maker of the [[Summer Garden]] grille, builder of [[St Petersburg]] embankments
| |
| *'''[[Aristotile Fioravanti]]''', builder of the [[Dormition Cathedral in Moscow]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Fomin]]''', master of [[Russian neoclassical revival]] and [[postconstructivism]]
| |
| *'''[[Moisei Ginzburg]]''', master of [[Constructivist architecture]], founder of the [[OSA Group]]
| |
| *'''[[David Grimm (architect)|David Grimm]]''', builder of the [[Church of Maria Magdalene]] and [[Chersonesus Cathedral]][[File:Levitsky kokrinov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Alexander Kokorinov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Iofan]]''', grandmaster of [[Stalinist architecture]]
| |
| *'''[[Matvei Kazakov]]''', builder of the [[Kremlin Senate]]
| |
| *'''[[Roman Klein]]''', builder of the [[Pushkin Museum]] and [[TsUM]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Kokorinov]]''', builder of the [[Imperial Academy of Arts]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Kon]]''', builder of the [[Smolensk]] Kremlin and Moscow's [[Bely Gorod]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Ladovsky]]''', leader of [[rationalist architecture]] of [[ASNOVA]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Lvov]]''', polymath scientist and artist, adapted [[rammed earth]] technology for northern climate, pioneered [[HVAC]] technology, built [[Priory Palace]] in [[Gatchina]][[File:Melnikov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Konstantin Melnikov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Georg Johann Mattarnovy]]''', architect of [[Kunstkamera]]
| |
| *'''[[Auguste de Montferrand]]''', builder of [[Saint Isaac's Cathedral]] and the [[Alexander Column]]
| |
| *'''[[Arkady Mordvinov]]''', architect of [[Hotel Ukraina (Moscow)|the tallest hotel in Europe]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Nikitin]]''', engineer of the largest Soviet structures: [[Moscow State University]], [[Luzhniki Stadium]], [[The Motherland Calls]] and [[Ostankino Tower]] (once [[List of tallest freestanding structures in the world|the world's tallest]])
| |
| *'''[[Vyacheslav Oltarzhevsky]]''', architect of the [[All-Russia Exhibition Centre]] and [[Hotel Ukraina (Moscow)]][[File:Rastrelli.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Bartolomeo Rastrelli]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Petrok Maly]]''', builder of the [[Kitai-gorod]] Wall and the Ascension Church in [[Kolomenskoye]]
| |
| *'''[[Anatoly Polyansky]]''', architect of the [[Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Pomerantsev]]''', builder of the [[GUM (department store)|GUM]] and the [[Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia]]
| |
| *'''[[Giacomo Quarenghi]]''', builder of the [[Hermitage Theatre]] and [[Smolny Institute]]
| |
| *'''[[Bartolomeo Rastrelli]]''', grandmaster of [[Russian baroque]], builder of [[Peterhof Palace]], [[Saint Andrew's Church in Kiev]], [[Smolny Convent]], [[Catherine Palace]], [[Winter Palace]]
| |
| *'''[[Antonio Rinaldi (architect)|Antonio Rinaldi]]''', architect of [[Oranienbaum, Russia|Oranienbaum]] and [[Tsarskoye Selo]], builder of the [[Marble Palace]]
| |
| *'''[[Rossi (architect)|Carlo Rossi]]''', architect of the neoclassical ensembles of [[St Petersburg]], author of the [[Russian Museum]], [[Alexandrinsky Theater]], [[General Staff Building in St. Petersburg]]
| |
| *'''[[Lev Rudnev]]''', builder of [[Seven Sisters (Moscow)|Stalinist scyscrapers]]
| |
| *'''[[Marco Ruffo]]''', builder of [[Kremlin towers]] and the [[Palace of Facets]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Schechtel]]''', master of [[Art Nouveau]], builder of [[Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Shchuko]]''', builder of the [[Lenin Library]], master of [[Stalinist architecture]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Shchusev]]''', builder of [[Lenin's Mausoleum]] on [[Red Square]] and the [[Hotel Moskva (Moscow)]]
| |
| *'''[[V. O. Sherwood|Vladimir Sherwood]]''', builder of the [[State Historical Museum]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Shukhov]]''', engineer-[[polymath]], inventor of breakthrough [[industrial design]]s([[hyperboloid structure]], [[thin-shell structure]], [[tensile structure]], [[gridshell]]), builder of [[Shukhov Tower]]s and multiple other structures[[File:Konstantin Thon 1820-th.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Konstantin Thon]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Pietro Antonio Solari]]''', builder of the [[Spasskaya tower]] and the [[Palace of Facets]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Stasov]]''', inventor of the [[Russian Revival]] style, builder of the [[Moscow Triumphal Gates]] and [[Narva Triumphal Gates]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Stackenschneider]]''', builder of the [[Mariinsky Palace]] and [[Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Starov]]''', builder of the [[Tauride Palace]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Tatlin]]''', author of [[Tatlin's Tower]] project
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Thon]]''', builder of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]], [[Kremlin Armoury]] and the [[Cathedral of Christ the Saviour]] (the world's [[tallest Orthodox church]])
| |
| *'''[[Domenico Trezzini]]''', the first architect of [[St Petersburg]], builder of the [[Peter and Paul Fortress]], [[Summer Palace of Peter the Great]], [[Twelve Collegia]] and [[Peter and Paul Cathedral]] (the world's [[tallest Orthodox belltower]])[[File:Voronikhin.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Andrey Voronikhin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vesnin brothers]]''', leaders of [[constructivist architecture]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Voronikhin]]''', builder of the [[Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg|Kazan Cathedral]] and [[Saint Petersburg Mining Institute]]
| |
| *'''[[Postnik Yakovlev]]''', builder of [[Saint Basil's Cathedral]] on [[Red Square]]
| |
| *'''[[Andreyan Zakharov]]''', builder of the [[Russian Admiralty]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Zemtsov]]''', architect of [[Catherinethal]]
| |
| | |
| ====Sculptors and jewellers====
| |
| {{main|Russian artists}}
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Anikushin]]''', monumentalist, author of celebrated statues of [[Pushkin]][[File:Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Peter Clodt]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Mihail Chemiakin]]''', author of ''[[Children Are the Victims of Adult Vices]]''
| |
| *'''[[Peter Clodt]]''', famous for equestrian statues, author of the [[Anichkov Bridge]] ''Horse Tamers''
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Demut-Malinovsky]]''', author of the chariot groups on the [[Narva Triumphal Gates]] and the [[General Staff Building in St. Petersburg]]
| |
| *'''[[Peter Carl Fabergé]]''', jeweller, creator of the [[Fabergé Egg]]s
| |
| *'''[[Naum Gabo]]''', sculptor, pioneer of [[kinetic art]]
| |
| *'''[[M. M. Gerasimov|Mikhail Gerasimov]]''', forensic sculptor, reconstructed the appearance of [[Tamerlane]], [[Yaroslav the Wise]], [[Rudaki]] and many other historical figures
| |
| *'''[[Ilya Kabakov]]''', conceptual installation artist[[File:Karl Gustavovich Faberge.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Peter Carl Fabergé]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vyacheslav Klykov]]''', author of the monuments to [[Marshal Zhukov]], [[Saints Cyril and Methodius]], the [[Battle of Kursk]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Konenkov]]''', sculptor, "the Russian [[Auguste Rodin|Rodin]]"
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Kozlovsky]]''', neoclassical sculptor, author of the [[:File:Samson-Peterhof.jpg|Samson fountain]] in [[Peterhof Palace|Peterhof]] and monument to ''[[Suvorov]] the [[Mars (god)|Mars]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Martos]]''', author of the [[Monument to Minin and Pozharsky]] on [[Red Square]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Mikeshin]]''', author of the ''[[Millennium of Russia]]'', the monument to [[Catherine the Great|Catherine II]] in [[St Petersburg]], the monument to [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] in [[Kiev]][[File:Mikeshin by Repin.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Mikeshin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vera Mukhina]]''', sculptor, inventor of [[welded sculpture]], author of the ''[[Worker and Kolkhoz Woman]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ernst Neizvestny]]''', author of the ''[[Nelumbo|Lotus]] Flower'' at the [[Aswan Dam]] in [[Egypt]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Opekushin]]''', author of early monuments to [[Pushkin]], [[Lermontov]], [[Aleksandr II]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Orlovsky]]''', author of the statues of [[M. Kutuzov|Kutuzov]] and [[Barclay de Tolly]] in front of [[Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Tomsky]]''', author of multiple [[Lenin]] statues and the [[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Moscow)]]
| |
| *'''[[Zurab Tsereteli]]''', author of the ''[[Peter the Great Statue]]'', ''[[To the Struggle Against World Terrorism]]'', [[St. George]] statues at the [[Moscow War Memorial]] and the [[Freedom Monument (Tbilisi)]]
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Vuchetich]]''', author of the [[Soviet War Memorial in Berlin]], ''[[Let Us Beat Swords into Plowshares]]'' in the New York [[United Nations|UN]] garden, and ''[[The Motherland Calls]]'' in [[Volgograd]]
| |
| | |
| ====Painters====
| |
| {{main|Russian artists}}
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Aivazovsky]]''', author of ''[[The Ninth Wave]]'' and over 6000 paintings, mostly [[seascape]]s[[File:Aivazovsky portrait by Tyranov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Ivan Aivazovsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Fedor Alekseev]]''', prominent [[landscapist]], "the Russian [[Canaletto]]"
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Argunov]]''', major 18th century portraitist
| |
| *'''[[Léon Bakst]]''', stage and costume designer for the [[Ballets Russes]], author of the ''[[:File:Terror Antiquus by L.Bakst (1908).jpg|Terror Antiquus]]''
| |
| *'''[[Alexandre Benois]]''', artist and art critic, influential stage designer, author of the celebrated illustrations to [[Pushkin]]'s ''[[Bronze Horseman]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Bilibin]]''', painter and stage designer, famous for illustrations of [[Slavic mythology]] and [[Set construction|set]]s for [[Russian fairy tales|fairytale]]-based [[Russian opera]]s
| |
| *'''[[Victor Borisov-Musatov]]''', [[post-impressionist]] painter, creator of ''Russian Symbolism''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Borovikovsky]]''', famous portraitist at the turn of the 19th century[[File:Yury Pen - Portrait of Marc Chagall.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Marc Chagall]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Karl Briullov]]''', neoclassical painter, author of ''[[The Last Day of Pompeii]]''
| |
| *'''[[Marc Chagall]]''', [[polymath]]-artist, pioneer of [[modernism]] and [[figurative art]], author of famous [[stained glass]]es
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Chistyakov]]''', history and portrait painter, tutor of many celebrated artists
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Deyneka]]''', master of [[socialist realism]], author of the mosaics at [[Mayakovskaya (Moscow Metro)]]
| |
| *'''[[Dionisy]]''', medieval [[icon painter]], author of [[fresco]]es in the [[Ferapontov Monastery]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Favorsky]]''', graphic artist, famous for [[woodcut]] illustrations of classic books
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Fedotov]]''', realist painter, "the Russian [[W. Hogarth|Hogarth]]"
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Ge]]''', realist painter, famous for works on historical and religious motifs[[File:Vassily-Kandinsky.jpeg|thumb|90px|[[Wassily Kandinsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Feofan Grek]]''', medieval [[fresco]] and icon-painter in [[Byzantine Empire]] and Russia
| |
| *'''[[A. A. Ivanov|Alexander Ivanov]]''', neoclassical painter, author of ''[[:File:Alexander Andrejewitsch Iwanow - The Appearance of Christ before the People.jpg|The Appearance of Christ before the People]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivanov (painter)|Sergey Ivanov]]''', author of famous illustrations of [[Russian history]]
| |
| *'''[[Wassily Kandinsky]]''', inventor of pure [[abstract art]], founder of [[Der Blaue Reiter]]
| |
| *'''[[Orest Kiprensky]]''', romantic painter and portraitist
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Korovin]]''', leading Russian [[impressionist]] painter
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Kramskoi]]''', painter and art critic, author of the ''[[:File:Kramskoi Christ dans le désert.jpg|Christ in the Desert]]'' and the ''[[:File:Kramskoy Portrait of a Woman.jpg|Unknown Woman]]''[[File:Kustodiev self portrait.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Boris Kustodiev]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Kustodiev]]''', author of famous portraits, holiday scenes and "Kustodiev's women" (''[[:File:Kustodiev Merchants Wife.jpg|The Merchant's Wife]]'', ''[[:File:Bathing. Kustodiev.jpg|Bathing]]'', ''[[:File:Kustodiev russian venus.jpg|The Russian Venus]]'')
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Larionov]]''', [[avant-garde]] painter, inventor of [[rayonism]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Leonov]]''', cosmonaut and painter, made some of his works in [[outer space]]
| |
| *'''[[Isaac Levitan]]''', landscapist, author of the ''[[:File:Levitan nad vech pok28.jpg|Over Eternal Peace]]''
| |
| *'''[[Rafail Sergeevich Levitsky]]''', Peredvizhniki artist and court photographer to the Romanov dynasty
| |
| *'''[[El Lissitzky]]''', [[avante garde]] painter, typographer, author of ''[[:File:Artwork by El Lissitzky 1919.jpg|Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge]]''[[File:Self-Portrait (1908 or 1910-1911).jpg|thumb|90px|[[Kazimir Malevich]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Makovsky]]''', famous for idealized history paintings
| |
| *'''[[Kazimir Malevich]]''', inventor of [[suprematism]], author of the ''[[:File:Malevich.black-square.jpg|Black Square]]''
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Malyutin]]''', painter and folk artist, designed the first [[matryoshka doll]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Mayakovsky]]''', [[futurism|futurist]] poet and [[propaganda]] artist, author of the [[Rosta Windows]] [[agitprop]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Nesterov]]''', religious symbolist painter, portraitist, author of ''[[:File:Mikhail Nesterov 001.jpg|The Vision of the Youth Bartholomew]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Nikitin]]''', famous [[Pyotr I|Petrine]] era portraitist[[File:REPIN portret REPIN.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Ilya Repin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Perov]]''', realist painter, author of the ''[[:File:Тройка - Василий Григорьевич Перов (1866).jpg|Troika]]'' and ''[[:File:Wassilij Grigorjewitsch Perow 004.jpg|The Hunters at Rest]]''
| |
| *'''[[Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin]]''', symbolist painter, author of the ''[[:File:Bathing of a Red Horse Petrov-Vodkin.jpg|Bathing of a Red Horse]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Polenov]]''', landscape painter, author of ''[[:File:Wassilij Dimitriewitsch Polenow 003.jpg|A courtyard in Moscow]]'' and ''[[:File:Wassilij Dimitriewitsch Polenow 001.jpg|Grandma's garden]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ilya Repin]]''', archetypical Russian painter, famous for his portraits and history scenes, author of the ''[[Barge Haulers on the Volga]]'' and the ''[[Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks]]''
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Rodchenko]]''', [[avante garde]] artist, graphic designer and [[constructivist painter]]
| |
| *'''[[Nicholas Roerich]]''', artist, scientist, traveler, public figure, initiator of the international [[Roerich’s Pact]], author of over 7000 paintings[[File:N Roerich.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nicholas Roerich]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Rublev]]''', most famous Russian [[Russian icons|icon-painter]], author of the ''[[Trinity (Andrei Rublev)|Trinity]]''
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Ryabushkin]]''', history painter, works devoted mostly to the 17th century Russia
| |
| *'''[[Alexei Savrasov]]''', [[landscape painter]], creator of the ''lyrical landscape'' style
| |
| *'''[[Zinaida Serebriakova]]''', the most prolific woman painter of Russia, famous for female portraits and [[nudity in art|nudes]]
| |
| *'''[[Valentin Serov]]''', [[impressionist]] painter, portraitist, author of ''[[:File:Serov devochka s persikami.jpg|The Girl with Peaches]]'' and ''[[:File:Serov — The Rape of Europe.jpg|The Kidnapping of Europe]]''
| |
| *'''[[Taras Shevchenko]]''', romantic poet and painter
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Shishkin]]''', author of the most celebrated Russian landscapes: the ''[[Morning in a Pine Forest]]'', ''[[:File:Rozh.jpg|Rye Fields]]'', the ''[[:File:Shishkin DozVDubLesu 114.jpg|Rain in an Oak Forest]]''
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Somov]]''', prominent [[Russian literature]] illustrator
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Surikov]]''', author the famous [[Russian history]] paintings: ''[[:File:Surikov streltsi.jpg|The Morning of Streltsy's Execution]]'', ''[[:File:Surikov morozova.jpg|Boyarynya Morozova]]'', ''[[:File:Suvorov crossing the alps.jpg|The March of Suvorov through the Alps]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Tropinin]]''', romantic and realist portraitist
| |
| *'''[[Israel Tsvaygenbaum]]''', painter [[File:IsraelTsvaygenbaum.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Israel Tsvaygenbaum]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Simon Ushakov]]''', prolific late 17th century [[icon painter]], author of the ''[[:File:Ushakov Nerukotvorniy.jpg|Saviour Not Made by Hands]]''
| |
| *'''[[Feodor Vasilyev]]''', lyrical landscape painter
| |
| *'''[[Apollinary Vasnetsov]]''', [[Russian history]] illustrator, many works devoted to Moscow
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Vasnetsov]]''', famous for Russian history and [[Slavic mythology]] images, inventor of [[budenovka]], author of the ''[[:File:Vasnetsov samolet.jpg|Flying Carpet]]'', ''[[:File:Vasnetsov Ioann 4.jpg|Tsar Ivan The Terrible]]'', the ''[[:File:Die drei Bogatyr.jpg|Bogatyrs]]''
| |
| *'''[[Alexey Venetsianov]]''', prominent genre painter, founder of the "Venetsianov school"[[File:Serebryakova SefPortrait.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Zinaida Serebriakova]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Vereshchagin]]''', battle painter, author of ''[[:File:Apotheosis.jpg|The Apotheosis of War]]'' and the ''[[:File:Vereshchagin-Blowing from Guns in British India.jpg|Blowing from Guns in British India]]''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Vrubel]]''', leader of the ''Russian Symbolism'', author of ''[[:File:Vrubel Demon.jpg|The Demon Sitting]]'' and ''[[:File:Swan princess.jpg|The Swan Princess]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Yaroshenko]]''', realist genre painter and portraitist
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Zakharov-Chechenets]]''', portrait painter of [[Chechen people|Chechen]] origin
| |
| *'''[[Karp Zolotaryov]]''', late 17th century [[Russian icons|icon painter]], notable for realistic style
| |
| | |
| ===Literature===
| |
| {{main|Russian writers}}
| |
| | |
| ====Novel and short story authors====
| |
| {{main|Russian novelists}}
| |
| [[File:Bułhakow.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Bulgakov]]]]
| |
| [[File:Dostoevskij 1872.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]]]]
| |
| [[File:Портрет Гоголя.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nikolai Gogol]]]]
| |
| [[File:Boris Pasternak cropped.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Boris Leonidovich Pasternak|Boris Pasternak]]]]
| |
| [[File:Sholokhov-1938.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Sholokhov]]]]
| |
| [[File:Ilya Efimovich Repin (1844-1930) - Portrait of Leo Tolstoy (1887).jpg|thumb|90px|[[Leo Tolstoy]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Chinghiz Aitmatov]]''', [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]] and Russian writer, author of ''[[Jamilya]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Aksyonov]]''', author of the Moscow [[saga]] ''[[Generations of Winter]]''
| |
| *'''[[Boris Akunin]]''', famous for his [[detective fiction]], author of ''[[The Diamond Chariot]]''
| |
| *'''[[Sholem Aleichem]]''', important [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russian Jewish]] writer, the famous musical ''[[Fiddler on the Roof]]'' was based on Aleichem's story ''[[Tevye|Tevye the Dairyman]]''
| |
| *'''[[Isaac Babel]]''', well-known [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russian Jewish]] writer, author of ''[[The Odessa Tales]]''
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Bely]]''', author of the novel ''[[Petersburg (novel)|Petersburg]]'', poet
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Belyayev]]''', major science fiction writer, author of ''[[Amphibian Man]]'' and ''[[Ariel (novel)|Ariel]]''
| |
| *'''[[Valery Bryusov]]''', important [[Russian symbolism|symbolist]] writer, author of the novel ''[[The Fiery Angel (novel)|The Fiery Angel]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Bulgakov]]''', author of ''[[The Master and Margarita]]'', which ''[[The Times]]'' of London has called one of the masterpieces of the 20th century
| |
| *'''[[Kir Bulychev]]''', author of the science fiction anthology ''[[Half a Life (Kir Bulychev)|Half a Life]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Bunin]]''', short story writer and poet, first Russian to be awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]]
| |
| *'''[[Anton Chekhov]]''', famous for his short stories and plays; author of ''[[The Lady with the Dog]]'', ''[[The Black Monk (short story)|The Black Monk]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Chernyshevsky]]''', influential revolutionary writer, author of ''[[What Is to Be Done? (novel)|What Is to Be Done?]]''
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky|Fyodor Dostoyevsky]]''', author of ''[[Crime and Punishment]]'', ''[[The Idiot (novel)|The Idiot]]'', ''[[The Possessed (novel)|The Possessed]]'', ''[[The Brothers Karamazov]]''
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Dovlatov]]''', Russian writer who [[Emigration|emigrated]] to the USA, author of the novel ''[[Affiliate (novel)|Affiliate]]''
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Glukhovsky]]''', author of the [[post-apocalyptic novel]] ''[[Metro 2033 (novel)|Metro 2033]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Gogol]]''', considered the "father" of Russian [[Realism (arts)|realism]], author of ''[[The Overcoat]]'', ''[[The Nose (Gogol)|The Nose]]'', ''[[Dead Souls]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov|Ivan Goncharov]]''', author of ''[[Oblomov]]''
| |
| *'''[[Maxim Gorky]]''', founder of [[socialist realism]], author of ''[[Twenty-six Men and a Girl]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Grossman]]''', author of ''[[Life and Fate]]'', described by ''[[Le Monde]]'' as "the greatest Russian novel of the twentieth century"
| |
| *'''[[Ilf and Petrov]]''' popular satirists, authors of ''[[The Twelve Chairs]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Karamzin]]''', prominent [[sentimentalist]] writer and major historian, author of ''Poor Liza''
| |
| *'''[[Valentin Katayev]]''', author of the industrial novel ''[[Time, Forward! (novel)|Time, Forward!]]''
| |
| *'''[[Veniamin Kaverin]]''', author of the social and adventure novel ''[[The Two Captains]]''
| |
| *'''[[Daniil Kharms]]''', Soviet [[surrealist]] and [[absurdist fiction|absurdist]] writer
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lermontov]]''', author of ''[[A Hero of our Time]]'', poet
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Leskov]]''', author of ''[[Lefty (story)|Lefty]]'' and ''[[Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District (novel)|Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk]]''
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Lukyanenko]]''', most popular contemporary Russian [[sci-fi]] writer, author of the ''[[Night Watch (Lukyanenko novel)|Night Watch]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Nabokov]]''', author of ''[[Lolita]]'', which was ranked at #4 on the list of the [[Modern Library 100 Best Novels]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Nosov]]''', [[children's writer]], author of the popular ''[[Neznaika]]'' series
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Obruchev]]''', geologist and explorer, author of the [[science fiction]] and travel novels ''[[Hollow Earth|Plutonia]]'' and ''[[Sannikov Land]]''
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Olesha]]''', author of the innovative novel ''[[Envy (Olesha novel)|Envy]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Ostrovsky]]''', [[socialist realist]] writer, best known for his novel ''[[How the Steel Was Tempered]]''
| |
| *'''[[Boris Leonidovich Pasternak|Boris Pasternak]]''', author of ''[[Doctor Zhivago (novel)|Doctor Zhivago]]'', poet and translator, [[Nobel Prize]] winner (was forced to decline the prize)
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Pelevin]]''', [[Postmodernism|postmodernist]] writer, author of the short novel ''[[Omon Ra]]''
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Platonov]]''', author of ''[[The Foundation Pit]]''
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin|Aleksandr Pushkin]]''', the greatest Russian poet, novelist, author of ''[[The Captain's Daughter]]''
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Radishchev]]''', [[Political radicalism|radical]] writer, author of ''[[Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ayn Rand]]''', creator of [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|Objectivism]], author of ''[[The Fountainhead]]'', and ''[[Atlas Shrugged]]''
| |
| *'''[[Varlam Shalamov]]''', ''[[Gulag]]'' survivor, author of ''[[Kolyma Tales]]''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Sholokhov]]''', [[Nobel Prize for Literature]], author of ''[[And Quiet Flows the Don]]''
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]''', [[Nobel Prize for Literature]], author of ''[[One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Sorokin]]''', one of the most popular writers in modern Russian literature
| |
| *'''[[Boris and Arkady Strugatsky]]''', [[collaborative]] duo of Soviet science fiction writers
| |
| *'''[[Tatyana Tolstaya]]''', writer, [[TV host]], [[publicist]], novelist, and [[essayist]] from the [[Tolstoy family]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy]]''', [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] writer, best known for his works of [[science fiction]], author of ''[[Aelita (novel)|Aelita]]''
| |
| *'''[[Leo Tolstoy]]''', widely considered to be one of the world's greatest novelists, author of ''[[War and Peace]]'', ''[[Anna Karenina]]'', and ''[[The Death of Ivan Ilyich]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Turgenev]]''', author of ''[[A Sportsman's Sketches]]'', which had an influence on the abolition of [[serfdom]] in Russia
| |
| *'''[[Yury Tynyanov]]''', important member of the [[Russian Formalism|Russian Formalist]] school, author of ''[[Lieutenant Kijé]]''
| |
| *'''[[Eduard Uspensky]]''', children's writer known for his fictional characters [[Gena the Crocodile]] and [[Cheburashka]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Voinovich]]''', author of the well-known novel ''[[The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Yefremov]]''', paleontologist and science fiction writer, founder of [[taphonomy]], author of ''[[The Land of Foam]]'', ''[[Andromeda: A Space-Age Tale]]'' and ''[[Thais of Athens]]''
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Zamyatin]]''', author of the [[dystopia]]n novel ''[[We (novel)|We]]'', which influenced [[George Orwell]]'s ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'', and [[Ayn Rand]]'s ''[[Anthem (novella)|Anthem]]''
| |
| | |
| ====Philosophers and critics====
| |
| {{main|Russian philosophers}}
| |
| | |
| [[File:Berdyaev2.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nikolai Berdyaev]]]]
| |
| [[File:Pavel Florensky.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Pavel Florensky]]]]
| |
| [[File:KhomyakovA AvtoportretABR.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Aleksey Khomyakov]]]]
| |
| [[File:Vladimir Solovyov 1892 by Nikolay Yarochenko.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)|Vladimir Solovyov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Bakhtin]]''', philosopher, literary critic, [[semiotician]], and scholar who worked on literary theory, ethics, and the philosophy of language
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Bakunin]]''', well-known [[revolutionary]] and theorist of [[collectivist anarchism]]
| |
| *'''[[Vissarion Belinsky]]''', influential critic, and editor of two major literary magazines: ''[[Otechestvennye Zapiski]]'', and ''[[Sovremennik]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Berdyaev]]''', religious and political philosopher
| |
| *'''[[Helena Blavatsky]]''', founder of [[Theosophy]] and the [[Theosophical Society]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Bogdanov]]''', [[physician]], philosopher, science fiction writer, and a key figure in the early history of the [[Bolshevik]]s
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Chernyshevsky]]''', famous for his philosophical novel ''[[What Is to Be Done? (novel)|What is To Be Done?]], he was the leader of the revolutionary democratic movement of the 1860s, and an influence on [[Vladimir Lenin]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Danilevsky]]''', [[natural history|naturalist]], [[Economics|economist]], [[Ethnology|ethnologist]], philosopher, historian, and [[ideologue]] of the [[pan-Slavism]] and [[Slavophile]] movements
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Dobrolyubov]]''', [[Literary criticism|literary critic]], [[journalist]], and [[revolutionary]] [[Social democracy|democrat]]
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Florensky]]''', [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] [[theologian]], philosopher, mathematician, [[electrical engineering|electrical engineer]], and [[inventor]]
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Grinin]]''', important modern [[sociologist]] and philosopher of history
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Herzen]]''', highly influential proponent of [[populism]], [[socialism]], and [[collectivization]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Katkov]]''', conservative journalist and literary critic influential during the reign of [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]]
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Kireyevsky]]''', literary critic and philosopher, co-founder of the [[Slavophile]] movement
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Khomyakov]]''', religious poet and philosopher, co-founder of the [[Slavophile]] movement, coined the term ''[[sobornost]]''
| |
| *'''[[Peter Kropotkin]]''', naturalist, geographer and one of the world's foremost [[Anarchist communism|anarcho-communist]]s
| |
| *'''[[Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov|Pyotr Lavrov]]''', prominent Russian philosopher, publicist, sociologist, and [[theorist]] of [[narodism]]
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Leontiev]]''', [[Conservatism|conservative]], [[monarchist]] [[reactionary]] philosopher
| |
| *'''[[Aleksei Losev]]''', one of the most prominent figures in Russian philosophical and religious thought of the 20th century
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Novikov]]''', writer and philanthropist, a man of [[Russian Enlightenment]], often considered to be the first Russian [[journalist]]
| |
| *'''[[Peter D. Ouspensky]]''', [[esotericism|esoteric]] philosopher, author of [[In Search of the Miraculous]]
| |
| *'''[[Dmitri Pisarev]]''', [[Political radicalism|radical]] writer and social critic whose works had an important influence on [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]]
| |
| *'''[[Ayn Rand]]''', [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|objectivist]] philosopher, best known for her novels ''[[The Fountainhead]]'' and ''[[Atlas Shrugged]]''
| |
| *'''[[Lev Shestov]]''', influential Ukrainian/Russian [[existentialist]] philosopher, author of the well-known works ''Penultimate Words'' and ''All Things are Possible''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)|Vladimir Solovyov]]''', philosopher, poet, pamphleteer, and literary critic, who played a significant role in the development of Russian philosophy and poetry at the end of the 19th century
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Stasov]]''', preeminent 19th century [[art critic]] in Russia
| |
| *'''[[Leo Tolstoy]]''', [[Christian anarchism|Christian anarchist]] and [[Christian pacifism|pacifist]], whose ideas and social writings were the basis of the [[Tolstoyan]] movement.
| |
| *'''[[Leon Trotsky]]''', [[Bolshevik]], and [[Marxist]], one of the leaders of the [[October Revolution|Russian Revolution of 1917]]
| |
| | |
| ====Playwrights====
| |
| {{main|Russian playwrights}}
| |
| [[File:Chekhov 1898 by Osip Braz.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Anton Chekhov]]]]
| |
| [[File:Wassilij Grigorjewitsch Perow 003.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Alexander Ostrovsky]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Andreyev]]''', author of many popular plays, including ''[[He Who Gets Slapped]]''
| |
| *'''[[Hizgil Avshalumov]]''', soviet novelist, poet and playwrighter
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Bulgakov]]''', popular Soviet writer, author of the play [[Flight (play)|Flight]]
| |
| *'''[[Anton Chekhov]]''', famous for his short stories and plays, author of ''[[The Cherry Orchard]]'', ''[[Uncle Vanya]]'', ''[[Three Sisters (play)|Three Sisters]]'', ''[[The Seagull]]''
| |
| *'''[[Denis Fonvizin]]''', known chiefly for his famous play ''The Minor''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Gogol]]''', author of the great [[satirical]] play ''[[The Government Inspector]]''
| |
| *'''[[Maxim Gorky]]''', author of ''[[The Lower Depths]]'', a hallmark of [[socialist realism]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Griboyedov]]''', author of the popular play ''[[Woe from Wit]]''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lermontov]]''', author of the play ''[[Masquerade (play)|Masquerade]]''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Mayakovsky]]''', one of the foremost representatives of [[Russian Futurism]]''
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Ostrovsky]]''', known for his plays dealing with the [[merchant]] class, most notably ''[[The Storm (play)|The Storm]]''
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Pisemsky]]''', realist writer, author of the well-known play ''[[A Bitter Fate]]'', considered to be the first Russian realistic tragedy
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Pushkin]]''', Russia's national poet, also known for his plays, including ''[[Boris Godunov (play)|Boris Godunov]]'' and ''[[The Stone Guest (play)|The Stone Guest]]''
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Sumarokov]]''', poet and playwright who single-handedly created classical theatre in Russia
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy]]''', author of historical dramas, including ''[[The Death of Ivan the Terrible]]'' and ''[[Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich]]''
| |
| *'''[[Leo Tolstoy]]''', one of the greatest Russian writers, author of the plays ''[[The Power of Darkness]]'', ''[[The Fruits of Enlightenment]]'', and ''[[The Living Corpse]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Turgenev]]''', author of the well known play ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''
| |
| | |
| ====Poets====
| |
| {{main|Russian poets}}
| |
| [[File:Ахматова1914.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Anna Akhmatova]]]]
| |
| [[File:Blok somov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Aleksandr Blok]]]]
| |
| [[File:Mayakovsky 1912.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Vladimir Mayakovsky]]]]
| |
| [[File:AleksandrPushkin.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Alexander Pushkin]]]]
| |
| [[File:Sergey Yesenin.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Sergei Yesenin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Anna Akhmatova]]''', [[modernist]] poet, author of ''Requiem''
| |
| *'''[[Bella Akhmadulina]]''', Soviet and Russian poet who has been cited by [[Joseph Brodsky]] as the best living poet in the Russian language
| |
| *'''[[Innokenty Annensky]]''', poet, critic, and translator, representative of the first wave of [[Russian Symbolism]]
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Balmont]]''', [[symbolism (arts)|symbolist]] poet, one of the major figures of the [[Silver Age of Russian Poetry]]
| |
| *'''[[Evgeny Baratynsky]]''', lauded by [[Alexander Pushkin]] as the finest Russian elegiac poet, rediscovered by [[Anna Akhmatova]] and [[Joseph Brodsky]] as a supreme poet of thought.
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Batyushkov]]''', an important precursor of [[Alexander Pushkin]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Bely]]''', [[symbolist]] poet, namesake of the important [[Andrei Bely Prize]].
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Blok]]''', leader of the [[Russian Symbolism|Russian Symbolist movement]], author of ''[[The Twelve]]''
| |
| *'''[[Joseph Brodsky]]''', winner of the 1987 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]
| |
| *'''[[Korney Chukovsky]]''', one of the most popular children's poets in the [[Russian language]]
| |
| *'''[[Denis Davydov]]''', guerilla fighter and soldier-poet of the [[Napoleonic Wars]], invented a genre of ''[[hussar]] poetry'' noted for its hedonism and bravado
| |
| *'''[[Gavrila Derzhavin]]''', one of the greatest Russian poets before [[Alexander Pushkin]]
| |
| *'''[[Afanasy Fet]]''', had a profound influence on the [[Russian Symbolists]], especially [[Innokenty Annensky|Annensky]] and [[Alexander Blok|Blok]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Izgiyayev]]''', an author of nine books of poetry and five plays, the translator and creator of lyrics for more than thirty songs
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Gumilyov]]''', founded the [[Acmeist poetry|acmeism]] movement
| |
| *'''[[Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov|Vyacheslav Ivanov]]''', poet and playwright associated with the [[Russian Symbolism]] movement
| |
| *'''[[Velimir Khlebnikov]]''', influential member of the [[Russian Futurist movement]], regarded by his contemporariesas as "a poet's poet"
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Krylov]]''', Russia's best known [[Fable|fabulist]]
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Lermontov]]''', the most important Russian poet after [[Alexander Pushkin]]'s death, his influence on later [[Russian literature]] is still felt in modern times
| |
| *'''[[Osip Mandelstam]]''', [[Acmeist poetry|Acmeist poet]], author of ''Tristia''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Mayakovsky]]''', among the most important representatives of early-20th century [[Russian Futurism]]
| |
| *'''[[Apollon Maykov]]''', his lyrical poems often showcase images of Russian villages, nature, and Russian history
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov]]''', one of Russia's most popular poets, author of the long poem Who is Happy in Russia?
| |
| *'''[[Boris Leonidovich Pasternak|Boris Pasternak]]''', author of the influential poem ''My Sister Life'', [[Nobel Prize]] winner (was forced to decline the prize)
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Ogarev]]''', known to every Russian, not only as a poet, but as the fellow-exile and collaborator of [[Alexander Herzen]] on ''[[Kolokol (newspaper)|Kolokol]]'', a newspaper printed in England and smuggled into Russia
| |
| *'''[[Yakov Polonsky]]''', a leading [[Alexander Pushkin|Pushkinist]] poet
| |
| *'''[[Symeon of Polotsk]]''', an academically trained [[Baroque literature|Baroque]] [[Belarus]]ian-Russian poet
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Pushkin]]''', the greatest Russian poet, author of ''[[Eugene Onegin]]''
| |
| *'''[[Ilya Selvinsky]]''', leader of the [[Constructivism (art)|Constructivist]] movement
| |
| *'''[[Boris Slutsky]]''', one of the most important representatives of the [[War generation of Russian poets]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Sologub]]''', influential [[symbolist]] poet and writer
| |
| *'''[[Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy]] ''', popular poet and dramatist, known for his humorous and satirical verse
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Trediakovsky]]''', helped lay the foundations of classical [[Russian literature]]
| |
| *'''[[Marina Tsvetaeva]]''', known primarily for her lyric poetry, widely admired by her fellow poets
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Tvardovsky]]''', chief editor of [[Novy Mir]] for many years, author of ''[[Vasili Tyorkin]]''
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Tyutchev]]''', [[Romanticism|romantic]] poet, author of ''The Last Love''
| |
| *'''[[Maximilian Voloshin]]''', [[Symbolist poetry|Symbolist poet]], famous [[freemason]]
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Pavlovich Yershov|Pyotr Yershov]]''', author of the famous fairy-tale poem ''The Humpbacked Horse''
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Yesenin]]''', one of the most popular and well-known Russian poets of the 20th century, author of ''[[Land of Scoundrels (poem)|Land of Scoundrels]]''
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Yevtushenko]]''', Soviet/Russian poet, director of several films
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Zabolotsky]]''', one of the founders of the Russian avant-garde [[absurdist fiction|absurdist]] group [[Oberiu|OBERIU]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Zhukovsky]]''', credited with introducing the [[Romanticism|Romantic Movement]] to [[Russian literature]]
| |
| | |
| ===Performing arts===
| |
| | |
| ====Actors====
| |
| [[File:Yul Brynner in The Ten Commandments film trailer.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Yul Brynner]]]]
| |
| [[File:Nikita Mikhalkov.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Nikita Mikhalkov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Vera Alentova]]''', known for her leading role in the famous 1980 Soviet drama ''[[Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears]]''
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Bodrov Jr.]]''', played lead roles in several popular movies, son of playwright, actor, director and producer [[Sergei Bodrov]]
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Bondarchuk]]''', acted in and directed the Academy Award winning 1966-67 film production of ''[[War and Peace (film series)|War and Peace]]''
| |
| *'''[[Yul Brynner]]''', won the Academy Award for best actor in the 1956 film ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]''
| |
| *'''[[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]]''', played in more than 170 films, founded his own theater in Moscow
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Filatov]]''', received many awards, including the [[Russian Federation State Prize]] and [[People's Artist of Russia]] in 1996
| |
| *'''[[Milla Jovovich]]''', actress, model, and musician, best known for her role in the widely popular ''[[Resident Evil (film series)|Resident Evil]]'' movies
| |
| *'''[[Lila Kedrova]]''', winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1964 for he role as Mme Hortense in ''[[Zorba the Greek]]''.
| |
| *'''[[Nikita Mikhalkov]]''', co-wrote, directed and acted in the Academy Award winning film ''[[Burnt by the Sun]]''
| |
| *'''[[Helen Mirren]]''', British actress born to Russian father and English mother.
| |
| *'''[[Lubov Orlova]]''', theatre actress and gifted singer, the first recognized star of Soviet cinema
| |
| *'''[[Arkady Raikin]]''', [[stand-up comedian]] who led the school of Soviet and Russian humorists for about half a century
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Vitsin]]''', comic actor, best known for his comic roles such as ''Trus'' (''Coward''), a member of an [[:ru:Трус, Балбес и Бывалый|antihero comic trio]] in a series of films by [[Leonid Gaidai]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Volkov]]''', 18th century actor and founder of the first permanent Russian theater
| |
| *'''[[Natalie Wood]]''', three-time Academy Award nominee, winner of the Golden Globe Award for her role in the TV series ''[[From Here to Eternity (TV series)|From Here to Eternity]]''
| |
| | |
| ====Theatre directors====
| |
| <!--[[File:Yuriy Lyubimov.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Yury Lyubimov]]]]-->
| |
| [[File:Stanislavski Constantin-1.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Konstantin Stanislavski]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Michael Chekhov]]''', Russian-American actor, director, author, and theatre practitioner, nephew of [[Anton Chekhov]]
| |
| *'''[[Anatoly Efros]]''', famous Russian and Soviet theatre director, collaborated with the stage director [[Yury Lyubimov]]
| |
| *'''[[Yury Lyubimov]]''', Soviet and Russian stage actor and director associated with the [[Taganka Theatre]] which he founded
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko]]''', theatre director, writer, pedagogue, playwright, producer, and co-founder of the [[Moscow Art Theatre]]
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Stanislavski]]''', famous actor, theatre director, creator of a widely used [[Stanislavski's 'system'|system]] of acting, and co-founder of the [[Moscow Art Theatre]]
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Vakhtangov]]''', friend and mentor of Michael Chekhov, founded the [[Vakhtangov Theatre]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Volkov]]''', actor and founder of the first permanent Russian [[theater]]
| |
| | |
| ====Film directors and animators====
| |
| [[File:Sergei Eisenstein 03.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Sergei Eisenstein]]]]
| |
| [[File:Eldar Ryazanov.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Eldar Ryazanov]]]]
| |
| [[File:Starevich 1.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Ladislas Starevich]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Fyodor Bondarchuk]]''', director of the acclaimed film ''[[The 9th Company]]'', son of [[Sergei Bondarchuk]]
| |
| *'''[[Grigori Chukhrai]]''', Academy Award nominee for Best Original Screenplay for the film ''[[Ballad of a Soldier]]''
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Chukhrai]]''', Academy Award nominee for Best Foreign Language Film for ''[[The Thief (1997 film)|The Thief]]''
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Dovzhenko]]''', often cited as one of the most important early Soviet filmmakers
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Eisenstein]]''', his work profoundly influenced early filmmakers owing to his innovative use of and writings about [[montage (filmmaking)|montage]]
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Goncharov]]''', directed the first Russian feature film ''[[Defence of Sevastopol]]''
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Gaidai]]''', his movies broke theatre attendance records and are still some of the top-selling DVDs in Russia
| |
| *'''[[Roman Abelevich Kachanov|Roman Kachanov]]''', one of the founders and leaders of Russian [[stop-motion]] [[animation]]
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Konchalovsky]]''', director of popular movies including ''[[Runaway Train (film)|Runaway Train]]'' and ''[[Tango & Cash]]''
| |
| *'''[[Fjodor Khitruk]]''', one of the most influential Russian animators and animation directors
| |
| *'''[[Elem Klimov]]''', best known for his film ''[[Come and See]]''
| |
| *'''[[Grigori Kozintsev]]''', known for his silent films and adaptations of Shakespeare
| |
| *'''[[Lev Kuleshov]]''', taught at and helped establish the world's first film school (the Moscow Film School)
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Petrov (animator)|Aleksandr Petrov]]''', won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film for ''[[The Old Man and the Sea (1999 film)|The Old Man and the Sea]]''
| |
| *'''[[Yakov Protazanov]]''', one of the founding fathers of [[Cinema of Russia|Russian cinema]]
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Ptushko]]''', referred to as "the Soviet Walt Disney", due to his prominent early role in animation in the Soviet Union
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Romm]]''', director and teacher, known for his film ''[[Nine Days in One Year]]''
| |
| *'''[[Eldar Ryazanov]]''', Soviet/Russian director famous for his comedies
| |
| *'''[[Karen Shakhnazarov]]''', chairman of [[Mosfilm]], one of the largest and oldest film studios in Russia
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Shukshin]]''', actor, writer, screenwriter and movie director who specialized in rural themes
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Sokurov]]''', critically acclaimed director, a regular at the Cannes Film Festival
| |
| *'''[[Ladislas Starevich]]''', Russian and French stop-motion animator who used insects and animals as his protagonists
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Tarkovsky]]''', internationally renowned director and [[film theory|film theorist]]
| |
| *'''[[Dziga Vertov]]''', pioneering documentary film director and writer
| |
| | |
| ====Ballet dancers and choreographers====
| |
| {{main|Russian ballet dancers}}
| |
| [[File:IrinaBaronova1937.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Irina Baronova]]]]
| |
| [[File:Pharoah's Daughter -Anna Pavlova -1910.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Anna Pavlova]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Irina Baronova]]''', ballerina, choreographer
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Baryshnikov]]''', ballet dancer
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Diaghilev]]''', ballet [[impresario]]
| |
| *'''[[Irina Dvorovenko]]''', ballet dancer
| |
| *'''[[Michel Fokine]]''', choreographer, dancer
| |
| *'''[[Elizaveta Gerdt]]''', ballerina
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Gerdt]]''', dancer
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Godunov]]''', ballet dancer
| |
| *'''[[Tamara Karsavina]]''', ballerina
| |
| *'''[[Mathilde Kschessinska]]''', prima ballerina
| |
| *'''[[Natalia Makarova]]''', ballerina
| |
| *'''[[Vaslav Nijinsky]]''', ballet dancer, choreographer
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Novikoff]]''', ballet master
| |
| *'''[[Rudolf Nureyev]]''', ballet dancer
| |
| *'''[[Valery Panov]]''', ballet dancer, choreographer
| |
| *'''[[Anna Pavlova]]''', ballerina
| |
| *'''[[Maya Plisetskaya]]''', ballerina
| |
| *'''[[Olga Preobrajenska]]''', ballerina
| |
| *'''[[Tatiana Riabouchinska]]''', ballerina
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Soloviev]]''', ballet dancer
| |
| *'''[[Galina Ulanova]]''', ballerina
| |
| *'''[[Agrippina Vaganova]]''', ballet teacher
| |
| | |
| ====Classical composers and musicians====
| |
| {{main|Russian composers}}
| |
| <!--[[File:AAlexandrov.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov|Alexander Alexandrov]]]]-->
| |
| [[File:Borodin.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Alexander Borodin]]]]
| |
| [[File:Glinka 1856.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Mikhail Glinka]]]]
| |
| [[File:Modest Musorgskiy, 1870.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Modest Mussorgsky|Mussorgsky]]]]
| |
| [[File:Sergei Prokofiev 02.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Sergei Prokofiev|Prokofiev]]]]
| |
| [[File:Mstislav Rostropovich 1978.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Mstislav Rostropovich]]]]
| |
| [[File:Dmitri1.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Dmitri Shostakovich]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Anton Arensky]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Mily Balakirev]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Borodin]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Bortkiewicz]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Valeri Brainin]]''', composer, musical scientist
| |
| *'''[[César Cui]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Michael L. Geller]]''', composer, viola player
| |
| *'''[[Valery Gergiev]]''', pianist, conductor
| |
| *'''[[Emil Grygoryevich Gilels|Emil Gilels]]''', pianist
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Glazunov]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka|Mikhail Glinka]]''', composer of ''[[Ruslan and Lyudmila|Russlan and Ludmilla]]''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Golovanov]]''', conductor
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Gretchaninoff]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Horowitz]]''', pianist
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Kabalevsky]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Aram Khachaturian]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Tikhon Khrennikov]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Kogan]]''', violinist
| |
| *'''[[Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Lyapunov]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Karlovich Medtner|Nikolai Medtner]]''', composer, pianist
| |
| *'''[[Modest Mussorgsky]]''', composer of ''[[Boris Godunov]]'', ''Pictures at an Exhibition''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Myaskovsky]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Pletnev]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Gregor Piatigorsky]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Prokofiev]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]''', pianist, composer, conductor
| |
| *'''[[Vadim Repin]]''', violinist
| |
| *'''[[Sviatoslav Richter]]''', pianist
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Mstislav Rostropovich]]''', cellist, conductor
| |
| *'''[[Gennady Rozhdestvensky]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Rubinstein]]''', pianist, conductor and composer
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Ilyich Safonov]]''', composer and music educator
| |
| *'''[[Alfred Schnittke]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Scriabin]]''', composer and pianist
| |
| *'''[[Dmitri Shostakovich]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Igor Stravinsky]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Serov]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Rodion Shchedrin]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Vissarion Shebalin]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Regina Spektor]]''', musician
| |
| *'''[[Georgy Sviridov]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Taneyev]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Taneyev]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Mikael Tariverdiev]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Pyotr Tchaikovsky]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Boris Tchaikovsky]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Tcherepnin]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Galina Ustvolskaya]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Maxim Vengerov]]''', violinist
| |
| | |
| ====Opera and choir singers====
| |
| {{main|Russian opera singers}}
| |
| [[File:Feodor Chaliapin.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Feodor Chaliapin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolay Baskov]]''', opera singer
| |
| *'''[[Evgeny Belyaev]]''', singer
| |
| *'''[[Feodor Chaliapin]]''', opera singer
| |
| <!--[[File:Anna Netrebko.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Anna Netrebko]]]]-->
| |
| *'''[[Anna Netrebko]]''', opera singer
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Rosing]]''', singer, director
| |
| *'''[[Elizabeth Sandunova]]''', opera singer
| |
| *'''[[Dmitri Hvorostovsky]]''', opera singer
| |
| | |
| ====Modern musicians and singers====
| |
| [[File:Eduard Khil.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Eduard Khil]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Sasha Argov]]''' (1914–95), composer
| |
| *'''[[Eduard Khil]]''' (1934-2012), singer
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Antonov (music)|Yuri Antonov]]''', composer, singer
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Lazarev]]''', vocalist
| |
| *'''[[Origa]]''', singer, performs theme songs for various [[anime]] series
| |
| *'''[[Natalia O'Shea]]''', linguist, songwriter, musician ([[Irish harp]], [[guitar]]), vocalist and leader of the bands ''[[Melnitsa]]'' ([[folk-rock]]) and ''[[Clann Lir]]'' (traditional [[Celtic folk]])
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandra Pakhmutova]]''', composer
| |
| *'''[[Alla Pugacheva]]''', singer and composer
| |
| *'''[[Regina Spektor]]''', musician
| |
| *'''[[Valery Leontiev]]''', singer
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Tsoy]]''', poet, composer, musician, actor in the 1980s
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Vysotsky]]''' (1938–80), poet, composer, musician, actor in the 1970s
| |
| | |
| ====Radio and TV people====
| |
| <!--[[File:Leonid Yakubovich Moscow 2010.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Leonid Yakubovich]]]]-->
| |
| [[File:Igor Kirillov.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Igor Kirillov]]]]
| |
| [[File:Ivan Urgant in Tbilisi.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Ivan Urgant]]]]
| |
| [[File:Anatoly Wasserman.JPG|90px|thumb|[[Anatoly Wasserman]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Joe Adamov]]''', journalist and presenter on [[Radio Moscow]] and its successor the [[Voice of Russia]] for over 60 years
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Fomenko]]''', musician, comic actor, showman and motor racer, president of [[Marussia Motors]] company which produces the first Russian [[supercar]], ''[[Marussia]]''
| |
| *'''[[Maxim Galkin]]''', [[parodist]], singer and host for the Russian adaptations of ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'' from 2001 to 2008, and ''[[The Million Pound Drop]]''
| |
| *'''[[Igor Kirillov]]''', for 30 years a [[news anchor]] of the [[Soviet Central Television]]'s prime time news program ''[[Vremya]]''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Leontyev]]''', [[political pundit]] on national TV [[Channel One (Russia)|Channel One]], host and author of the program ''Odnako''
| |
| *'''[[Vladislav Listyev]]''', arguably the most renown Russian journalist and TV anchor in the 1980s and 1990s, the first director of the [[Channel One (Russia)|Channel One]], founder of the ''[[Pole Chudes]]'' and other popular TV shows
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Maslyakov]]''', for over 45 years the host for the humour [[game show]] ''[[KVN]]''
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Petrosyan]]''', popular stand-up comedian and host of a number of humour TV shows
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Posner]]''', political pundit and host on radio and TV, for many years working in the United States, [[Soviet Union]] and Russia
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Senkevich]]''', participant of [[Thor Heyerdahl]]'s voyages, anchorman of the ''Travelers' Club'' show for the record 30 years
| |
| *'''[[Kseniya Sobchak]]''', TV celebrity, host for a number of popular programs, Russia's "[[It girl]]" and "Russia's [[Paris Hilton]]"
| |
| *'''[[Roman Trakhtenberg]]''', actor, popular host of humour shows on radio and TV, an expert on [[Russian jokes]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Turchinsky]]''', [[bodybuilder]], TV and radio presenter, actor and singer
| |
| *'''[[Ivan Urgant]]''', showman and actor, host of many popular Russian TV shows and ceremonies, such as [[Projectorparishilton]] and [[2009 Eurovision Song Contest]]
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Voroshilov]]''', author, producer and anchorman of the intellectual game show ''[[What? Where? When?]]'' from 1975 to 2000
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Yakubovich]]''', actor and TV anchorman, the host for the ''[[Pole Chudes]]'' show for 20 years
| |
| *'''[[Anatoly Wasserman]]''', erudite, journalist and political pundit, a frequent winner of intellectual TV games such as ''[[What? Where? When?]]'' and ''[[:ru:Своя игра|Svoya Igra]]'' (Russian version of ''[[Jeopardy!]]'')
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Nikolayevich Zadornov|Mikhail Zadornov]]''', stand-up comedian and writer, particularly famous for his satirical comparisons of Russians and nationals of other countries, especially Americans
| |
| | |
| ====Fashion models====
| |
| [[File:Oxana Fedorova1.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Oxana Fedorova]]]]
| |
| [[File:Natalia Vodianova 20090408 Etam 03.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Natalia Vodianova]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Irina Antonenko]]''', [[Miss Russia 2010]]
| |
| *'''[[Oxana Fedorova]]''', [[Miss Universe]]
| |
| *'''[[Ksenia Kahnovich]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Polina Kouklina]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Tatiana Kovylina]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Irina Kulikova]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Elena Melnik]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Sasha Pivovarova]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Natasha Poly|Natasha Polevshchikova]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Vlada Roslyakova]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Anna Selezneva]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Irina Shayk|Irina Shaykhlislamova]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Katya Shchekina]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Tatiana Sorokko]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Natasha Stefanenko]]''', model and actress
| |
| *'''[[Daria Strokous]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Natalia Vodianova]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Anne Vyalitsyna]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Inna Zobova]]'''
| |
| | |
| ==Sportspeople==
| |
| {{main|List of Russian sportspeople}}
| |
| | |
| ===Basketball===
| |
| | |
| * '''[[David Blatt]]''', US college & Israeli professional guard; coach in Israel & Russia, [[Russia national basketball team|Russian national basketball team]]<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PHPdMoXyFfMC&pg=PA404&dq=jewish+%22david+blatt%22+basketball#v=onepage&q=jewish%20%22david%20blatt%22%20basketball&f=false |title=American Hoops: U.S. Men's Olympic Basketball from Berlin to Beijing|author=Carson Cunningham|publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]]|ISBN=0-8032-2293-9|year=2010 |accessdate=May 25, 2010}}</ref>
| |
| * [[Alexander Gomelsky]], head coach of [[USSR]] national team for 30 years, including victory in [[1988 Summer Olympics]], Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame, FIBA Hall of Fame
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Kirilenko (basketball)|Andrei Kirilenko]]''', [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] basketball player
| |
| *'''[[Kirill Pishchalnikov]]''', [[Russian Professional Basketball League|PBL]], [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]], basketball player
| |
| | |
| ===Boxers===
| |
| [[File:RagozinaNatalia6.JPG|thumb|90px|[[Natascha Ragosina]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Boris Lagutin]]''', Double Olympic Gold medalist light-middleweight division
| |
| *'''[[Oleg Maskaev]]''', professional boxer, former [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] Heavyweight Champion
| |
| *'''[[Dmitry Pirog]]''', professional boxer, [[WBO]] Middleweight Champion
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Povetkin]]''', Olympic Gold medalist
| |
| *'''[[Natascha Ragosina]]''', boxing world champion
| |
| *'''[[Shamil Sabirov]]''', Russia, Olympic Gold medalist light flyweight
| |
| *'''[[Oleg Saitov]]''', Double Olympic Gold medalist in the welterweight division
| |
| *'''[[Aleksei Tishchenko]]''', Olympic Gold medalist featherweight and lightweight divisions
| |
| *'''[[Kostya Tszyu]]''', professional boxer, former Undisputed Junior Welterweight champion
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Valuev]]''', professional boxer, former two-time [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] Heavyweight champion
| |
| | |
| ===Chess players===
| |
| {{main|Russian chess players}}
| |
| [[File:Vladimir Kramnik 2005.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Vladimir Kramnik]]]]
| |
| [[File:Kasparov-34.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Garry Kasparov]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Alekhine]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Averbakh]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Chigorin]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Mikhail Botvinnik]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Semen Furman]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Anatoly Karpov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Garry Kasparov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Victor Korchnoi]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Kramnik]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Grigory Levenfish]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Andor Lilienthal]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Vyacheslav Ragozin]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Vasily Smyslov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Boris Spassky]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Leonid Yudasin]]'''
| |
| | |
| ===Fencers===
| |
| *'''[[Maria Mazina]]''', épée fencer, Olympic Gold medalist, bronze
| |
| *'''[[Mark Midler]]''', foil fencer, 2-time Olympic champion
| |
| * '''[[Mark Rakita]]''', saber fencer, 2-time Olympic champion, 2-time silver
| |
| * '''[[Yakov Rylsky]]''', saber fencer, Olympic champion
| |
| *'''[[Sergey Sharikov]]''', sabre fencer, two-time Olympic Gold medalist, silver, bronze
| |
| *'''[[Eduard Vinokurov]]''', sabre fencer, 2-time Olympic Gold medalist, silver
| |
| | |
| ===Figure skaters===
| |
| [[File:Evgeni Plushenko at 2010 European Championships.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Evgeny Plushenko]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Ludmila Belousova]]''', two-time Olympic pairs champion
| |
| *'''[[Ekaterina Gordeeva]]''', two-time Olympic pairs champion
| |
| * '''[[Aleksandr Gorelik]]''', pair skater, Olympic silver, World Championship 2-time silver, bronze
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Grinkov]]''', two-time Olympic pairs champion
| |
| *'''[[Gennadi Karponossov]]''', Olympic champion, 2-time World Champion, silver, 2-time bronze, ice dancer & coach
| |
| *'''[[Evgeny Plushenko]]''', 2006 Olympic champion
| |
| *'''[[Oleg Protopopov]]''', two-time Olympic pairs champion
| |
| *'''[[Irina Slutskaya]]''', two-time World Champion, 3-time silver, bronze, Olympic silver, bronze
| |
| *'''[[Maxim Staviski]]''', World Champion ice dancer, silver, bronze<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishworldreview.com/0206/bloom_olympics06.php3 |title=The Tribe goes to Torino: Sketches of Jewish Olympic-Bound Athletes|author=Nate Bloom |publisher=JWR |date=February 16, 2006 |accessdate=July 1, 2010}}</ref>
| |
| *'''[[Alexei Urmanov]]''', 1994 Olympic champion
| |
| *'''[[Alexei Yagudin]]''', 2002 Olympic champion
| |
| | |
| ===Gymnasts===
| |
| [[File:London 2012 Aliya Mustafina.jpg|90px|thumb|[[Aliya Mustafina]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Andrianov]]''', winner of 15 Olympic medals
| |
| *'''[[Yelena Davydova]]''', 1980 Olympic all-around champion
| |
| *'''[[Svetlana Khorkina]]''', winner of 7 Olympic medals
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeniya Kanayeva]]''', only rhythmic gymnast to win two Olympic all-around gold medals
| |
| *'''[[Sofia Muratova]]''', winner of 8 Olympic medals
| |
| *'''[[Aliya Mustafina]]''', 2012 Olympic gold medalist
| |
| *'''[[Alexei Nemov]]''', winner of 12 Olympic medals
| |
| *'''[[Natalia Shaposhnikova]]''', two-time Olympic Champion
| |
| *'''[[Yelena Shushunova]]''', Olympic Champion
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Vasilyevich Tkachyov|Alexander Tkachyov]]''', two-time Olympic Champion
| |
| | |
| ===Ice hockey players===
| |
| [[File:Viacheslav Fetisov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Viacheslav Fetisov]]]]
| |
| [[File:RR5110-0098R.png|thumb|90px|[[Valeri Kharlamov]]]]
| |
| [[File:Vladislav Tretiak.JPG|thumb|90px|[[Vladislav Tretiak]]]]
| |
| [[File:AlexOvechkin-Warmup.JPG|thumb|90px|[[Alexander Ovechkin]]]]
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Semin]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] superstar
| |
| *'''[[Maxim Afinogenov]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] star
| |
| *'''[[Yevgeny Babich]]''', Olympic gold medalist
| |
| *'''[[Ilya Bryzgalov]]''', [[Phoenix Coyotes]] Goalie. Current [[NHL]] star.
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Bure]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] star
| |
| *'''[[Valeri Bure]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Pavel Datsyuk]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] star
| |
| *'''[[Vitaly Davydov]]''', 3-time Olympic gold medalist, World & European champion 1963–71, runner-up 1972
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Gonchar]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] star
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Fedorov]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] star
| |
| *'''[[Viacheslav Fetisov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Nikolai Khabibulin]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] star goalie
| |
| *'''[[Valeri Kharlamov]]''', international ice hockey player
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Konstantinov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Ilya Kovalchuk]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] star
| |
| *'''[[Alexei Kovalev]] '''
| |
| *'''[[Vyacheslav Kozlov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Alfred Kuchevsky]]''', Olympic champion 1956, bronze 1960; twice world champion.
| |
| *'''[[Oleg Kvasha]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Igor Larionov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Evgeni Malkin]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] superstar
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Makarov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Markov (ice hockey)|Andrei Markov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Boris Mikhailov (ice hockey)|Boris Mikhailov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Ovechkin]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] star
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Radulov]]''', [[KHL]] superstar
| |
| *'''[[Semyon Varlamov]]''', [[National Hockey League|NHL]] Goalie
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Vladimirovich Petrov]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Alexei Ponikarovsky]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Vladislav Tretiak]]''', goalie
| |
| *'''[[Alexander Yakushev]]'''
| |
| *'''[[Alexie Yashin]]''' forward
| |
| * '''[[Yevgeni Zimin]]''' Olympic champion 1968–72, World & European champion 1968–69, 1971
| |
| * '''[[Viktor Zinger]]''', Olympic champion 1968; world champion 1965–69
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Zubov]]'''
| |
| | |
| ===Association football players===
| |
| [[File:Arshavin.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Andrei Arshavin]]]]
| |
| [[File:RR5110-0100R.png|thumb|90px|[[Lev Yashin]]]]
| |
| [[File:RR5110-0102R.png|thumb|90px|[[Eduard Streltsov]]]]
| |
| | |
| *'''[[Igor Akinfeev]]''', goalkeeper
| |
| *'''[[Dmitri Alenichev]]''', midfielder
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Arshavin]]''', midfielder, striker
| |
| *'''[[Vladimir Beschastnykh]]''', striker
| |
| *'''[[Konstantin Beskov]]''', striker, coach
| |
| *'''[[Valentin Bubukin]]''', midfielder, coach
| |
| *'''[[Valentin Kozmich Ivanov|Valentin Ivanov Sr.]]''', striker, coach
| |
| *'''[[Gavriil Kachalin]]''', midfielder, coach
| |
| *'''[[Andrei Kanchelskis]]''', midfielder
| |
| *'''[[Valery Karpin]]''', midfielder, coach
| |
| *'''[[Dmitri Kharine]]''', goalkeeper
| |
| *'''[[Aleksandr Mostovoi]]''', midfielder
| |
| *'''[[Igor Netto]]''', defender, coach
| |
| *'''[[Viktor Onopko]]''', defender
| |
| *'''[[Sergei Ovchinnikov (footballer born 1970)|Sergei Ovchinnikov]]''', goalkeeper, coach
| |
| *'''[[Roman Pavlyuchenko]]''', striker
| |
| *'''[[Boris Razinsky]]''', goalkeeper/striker, Olympic Gold medal, manager
| |
| *'''[[Oleg Salenko]]''', striker
| |
| *'''[[Mordechai Spiegler]]''', striker
| |
| *'''[[Eduard Streltsov]]''', midfielder, striker
| |
| *'''[[Andrey Tikhonov]]''', midfielder
| |
| *'''[[Lev Yashin]]''', voted the [[IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper|best goalkeeper]] of the 20th century by the [[IFFHS]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IFFHS' Century Elections |author= Stokkermans, Karel |work= RSSSF |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/iffhs-century.html |accessdate=June 25, 2008 }}</ref>
| |
| *'''[[Valery Voronin]]''', midfielder
| |
| *'''[[Yuri Zhirkov]]''', defender, midfielder
| |
| | |
| ===Tennis players===
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| [[File:Maria Sharapova, December 2008.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Maria Sharapova]]]]
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| [[File:Yevgeny Kafelnikov in 2000.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Yevgeny Kafelnikov]]]]
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| *'''[[Nikolay Davydenko]]''', former consistent top 10 player
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| *'''[[Elena Dementieva]]''', Silver Medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics and Gold Medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics
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| *'''[[Yevgeny Kafelnikov]]''', former world no. 1 tennis player
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| *'''[[Anna Kournikova]]''', former top 10 tennis player
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| *'''[[Svetlana Kuznetsova]]''', former world no. 2 tennis player. Won the 2004 U.S. Open and 2009 French Open
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| *'''[[Anastasia Myskina]]''', former world no. 2 tennis player. Won the 2004 French Open (becoming the first Russian woman to win a grand slam title)
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| *'''[[Marat Safin]]''', former world no. 1 tennis player. Won 2000 U.S. Open and 2005 Australian Open.
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| *'''[[Dinara Safina]]''', former world no. 1 ladies tennis player
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| *'''[[Maria Sharapova]]''', former world no. 1 tennis player. Won 2004 Wimbledon, 2006 U.S. Open, 2008 Australian Open, 2012 French Open and Silver Medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics
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| *'''[[Vera Zvonareva]]''', 2 time Grand Slam finalist
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| ===Weightlifters===
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| *'''[[Vasily Alexeev]]''', [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] weightlifter, set 80 World Records
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| *'''[[Yury Vlasov|Yuri Vlasov]]''', weightlifter, 1960 Olympic Gold medalist
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| *'''[[Arkady Vorobyov]]''', weightlifter, two-time Olympic Gold medalist
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| *'''[[Leonid Zhabotinsky]]''', weightlifter, two-time Olympic Gold medalist
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| ===Other sportspeople===
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| [[File:Fedor Emelianenko in a seminar in New Jersey, mid 2006.png|thumb|90px|[[Fedor Emelianenko]]]]
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| [[File:Isinbaeva.JPG|thumb|90px|[[Yelena Isinbaeva]]]]
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| *'''[[Evgeny Abalakov]]''', [[Mountaineering|mountaineer]], made the first ascent of the highest point of the Soviet Union – [[Ismoil Somoni Peak|Stalin Peak]] (later renamed)
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| *'''[[Vitaly Abalakov]]''', [[Mountaineering|mountaineer]], given several Soviet sporting awards
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| *'''[[Inga Artamonova]]''', 4-time world all-around [[speed skating]] champion
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| *'''[[Semyon Belits-Geiman]]''' (born 1945), Olympic freestyle swimmer
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| *'''[[Yuriy Borzakovskiy]]''', [[Track and Field|track and field athlete]], 2004 Olympic Gold medalist
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| *'''[[Anatoli Boukreev]]''', [[Mountaineering|mountaineer]], 18 successful ascents on peaks above 8000 m
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| *'''[[Fedor Emelianenko]]''', The Heavyweight Champion of the W.A.M.M.A and the last holder of the Heavyweight champion of [[Pride Fighting Championships]]
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| * '''[[Boris Maksovich Gurevich]]''', Olympic wrestling champion (Greco-Roman flyweight), 2-time world champion
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| *'''[[Yelena Isinbayeva]]''', [[Pole Vault|pole vaulter]], two-time Olympic Gold medalist
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| *'''[[Maria Leontyavna Itkina]]''', world-record-holding runner
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| *'''[[Svetlana Kapanina]]''', six times Champion in [[aerobatics]] at [[World Air Games]], more than any other woman
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| *'''[[Alexander Karelin]]''', Greco-Roman [[amateur wrestling|wrestling]], champion
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| *'''[[Alexander Kravchenko|Alex Kravchenko]]''', professional [[poker]] player, first Russian to win a [[World Series of Poker]] [[World Series of Poker bracelet|bracelet]]
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| *'''[[Svetlana Krivelyova]]''', [[shot put]]ter, 1992 Olympic Gold medalist
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| *'''[[Mikhail Mamistov]]''', powered and [[Glider aircraft|glider]] [[competition aerobatics|aerobatic]] pilot
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| *'''[[Natalya Nazarova]]''', [[sprint running|sprinter]], winner of two Olympic medals
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| *'''[[Vitaly Petrov]]''', Formula 1 driver, currently drives for [[Lotus Renault GP]]
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| *'''[[Roho]]''' (Soslan Boradzov), [[Sumo]] wrestler, obtained the rank of [[Komusubi]]
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| *'''[[Nina Romashkova]]''', [[Discus Throw|discus thrower]], the first [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Olympic Games|Olympic Champion]]
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| *'''[[Lidia Skoblikova]]''', [[speed skating|speed skater]], most [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] medals in [[speed skating]]
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| * '''[[Lev Vainshtein]]''', Olympic-medal-winning shooter
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| ==Legendary and folk heroes==
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| [[File:Die drei Bogatyr.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Dobrynya Nikitich]], [[Ilya Muromets]] and [[Alyosha Popovich]]]]
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| *'''[[Alyosha Popovich]]''', young and cunning [[bogatyr]] of priest origin, defeated the dragon [[Tugarin Zmeyevich]] by trickery
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| *'''[[Baba Yaga]]''', a [[witch]]-like character in [[Russian folklore]], flies around on a giant [[mortar and pestle|mortar]] and lives in the [[cabin on chicken legs]]
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| *'''[[Dobrynya Nikitich]]''', [[bogatyr]] of noble origin, defeated the dragon [[Zmey Gorynych]]
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| *'''[[Ilya Muromets]]''', [[bogatyr]] of peasant origin, saint, the greatest of all the legendary bogatyrs, defeated the forest-dwelling monster [[Nightingale the Robber]], defended Rus' from numerous attacks by the [[steppe]] people
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| *'''[[Ivan Tsarevich]]''', typical noble protagonist of [[Russian fairy tales]], often engaged in a struggle with [[Koschei]] and rescuing young girls
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| *'''[[Ivan the Fool]]''', typical simple-minded but lucky protagonist of [[Russian fairy tales]]
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| *'''[[Koschei]]''' ''"the Deathless"'', chief male antagonist of [[Russian fairy tales]], an ugly senile sorceror and kidnapper of young maids, possesses immortality
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| *'''[[Nikita the Furrier]]''', a town craftsman who released the daughter of Prince [[Vladimir the Fair Sun]] from the dragon's captivity
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| *'''[[Sadko]]''', musician and merchant from [[Veliky Novgorod]], procured wealth and wife from the Sea Tsar by playing [[gusli]]
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| *'''[[Svyatogor]]''', giant "sacred mountain" bogatyr, passed his strength to [[Ilya Muromets]]
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| *'''[[Vasilisa the Beautiful]]''', young, attractive and often cunning heroine of [[Russian fairy tales]]
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| ==See also==
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| {{col-begin}}
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| {{col-break|width=50%}}
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| *[[History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union]]
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| *[[List of Chuvashs]]
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| *[[List of Jews from the Soviet Union]]
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| *[[List of people from Saint Petersburg]]
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| *[[List of people from Tambov]]
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| {{col-break|width=2%}}
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| {{col-break|width=48%}}
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| *[[List of Armenians]]
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| *[[List of Belarusians]]
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| *[[List of Georgians]]
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| *[[List of Karelians]]
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| *[[List of Kazakhs]]
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| *[[List of Tatars]]
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| *[[List of Tuvans]]
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| *[[List of Ukrainians]]
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| {{col-end}}
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://www.library.illinois.edu/spx/webct/Biography/Russianbio/RussBio2.htm Research Guide to Russian Biography]
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| {{Russia topics}}
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| {{Lists of Russians|state=uncollapsed}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Russian People}}
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| [[Category:Lists of people by nationality]]
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| [[Category:Russian people| ]]
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| [[Category:Lists of Russian people|*]]
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