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| {{Refimprove|date=February 2009}}
| | If you require to accelerate a PC then you have come to the right place. I will show we, at the moment, five fast methods to drastically better the computer's performance.<br><br>If it is very not because big of a issue because we think it happens to be, it may probably be resolved easily by running a Startup Repair or by System Restore Utility. Again it can be because effortless because running an anti-virus check or cleaning the registry.<br><br>StreamCI.dll is a file utilized by the default Windows Audio driver to aid procedure the different audio settings on a system. Although this file is regarded as the most crucial on different Windows systems, StreamCI.dll is continually causing a lot of mistakes that have to be repaired. The good news is that you are able to fix this error by using many effortless to perform procedures which will resolve all of the potential issues that are causing the error to show on your PC.<br><br>It is normal that the imm32.dll error is caused as a result of a mis-deletion activity. If you cannot discover the imm32.dll anywhere on your computer, there is no doubt that it should be mis-deleted when uninstalling programs or different unneeded files. Hence, we can straight deal it from different programs or download it from a safe internet plus then place it on the computer.<br><br>Another way whenever arresting the 1328 error is to wash out the PC's registry. The registry is important because it is actually where settings and files chosen by Windows for running are stored. As it is very frequently employed, breakdowns and situations of files getting corrupted are not unusual. Additionally considering of the method it's configured, the "registry" gets saved inside the wrong fashion continually, that makes your system run slow, eventually causing the PC to suffer from a series of errors. The best method one may use in cleaning out registries is to use a reliable [http://bestregistrycleanerfix.com/regzooka zookaware] system. A registry cleaner will seek out plus repair corrupted registry files and settings allowing one's computer to run normally again.<br><br>Let's start with the negative sides first. The initial price of the product is especially cheap. But, it only comes with 1 year of updates. After that you need to register to monthly updates. The advantage of that is the fact that perfect optimizer has enough income plus resources to analysis errors. This way, you may be ensured of safe fixes.<br><br>Most likely in the event you are experiencing a slow computer it will be a couple years aged. We furthermore could not have been told which while we employ a computer everyday; there are certain things that it requires to continue running inside its best performance. We additionally will not even own any diagnostic tools that might get a PC running like new again. So never allow which stop we from getting the system cleaned. With access to the web you are able to find the tools which will help we receive the program running like hot again.<br><br>Ally Wood is a pro software reviewer plus has worked inside CNET. Now she is working for her own review software company to provide suggestions to the software creator and has completed deep test inside registry cleaner software. After reviewing the top registry cleaner, she has written complete review on a review site for we which could be accessed for free. |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 0.5em; text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ '''ISO 269 sizes'''<br /><small>([[millimeter|mm × mm]])</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"| C Series
| |
| |-
| |
| | C0 || 917 × 1297
| |
| |-
| |
| | C1 || 648 × 917
| |
| |-
| |
| | C2 || 458 × 648
| |
| |-
| |
| | C3 || 324 × 458
| |
| |-
| |
| | C4 || 229 × 324
| |
| |-
| |
| | C5 || 162 × 229
| |
| |-
| |
| | C6 || 114 × 162
| |
| |-
| |
| | C7/6 || 81 × 162
| |
| |-
| |
| | C7 || 81 × 114
| |
| |-
| |
| | C8 || 57 × 81
| |
| |-
| |
| | C9 || 40 × 57
| |
| |-
| |
| | C10 || 28 × 40
| |
| |-
| |
| | DL || 110 × 220
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 0.5em; text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ '''ISO 216 sizes'''<br /><small>([[millimeter|mm × mm]])</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"| A Series !!rowspan="12" style="border-top: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 1px solid white"| !!colspan="2"| B Series
| |
| |-
| |
| | A0 || 841 × 1189 || B0 || 1000 × 1414
| |
| |-
| |
| | A1 || 594 × 841 || B1 || 707 × 1000
| |
| |-
| |
| | A2 || 420 × 594 || B2 || 500 × 707
| |
| |-
| |
| | A3 || 297 × 420 || B3 || 353 × 500
| |
| |-
| |
| | A4 || 210 × 297 || B4 || 250 × 353
| |
| |-
| |
| | A5 || 148 × 210 || B5 || 176 × 250
| |
| |-
| |
| | A6 || 105 × 148 || B6 || 125 × 176
| |
| |-
| |
| | A7 || 74 × 105 || B7 || 88 × 125
| |
| |-
| |
| | A8 || 52 × 74 || B8 || 62 × 88
| |
| |-
| |
| | A9 || 37 × 52 || B9 || 44 × 62
| |
| |-
| |
| | A10 || 26 × 37 || B10 || 31 × 44
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| '''ISO 216''' specifies [[International Organization for Standardization|international standard]] (ISO) [[paper size]]s used in most countries in the world today, with the United States and Canada the main exceptions. The standard defines the "A" and "B" series of paper sizes, including A4, the most commonly available size. Two supplementary standards, [[ISO 217]] and [[ISO 269]], define related paper sizes; the ISO 269 "C" series is commonly listed alongside the A and B sizes.
| |
| | |
| All ISO 216, ISO 217 and ISO 269 paper sizes (except DL) have the same [[aspect ratio]], {{tmath|\scriptstyle 1:\sqrt2}}. This ratio has the unique property that when cut or folded in half widthwise, the halves also have the same aspect ratio. Each ISO paper size is one half of the area of the next size up.
| |
| | |
| == History ==
| |
| The advantages of basing a paper size upon an aspect ratio of {{tmath|\scriptstyle \sqrt2}} were already noted in 1786 by the German scientist [[Georg Christoph Lichtenberg]], in a letter to Johann Beckmann.<ref name="Beck">{{cite book|last=Briefwechsel|first=Band, III|coauthors=Lichtenberg|title=Georg Christoph Lichtenberg|publisher=Verlag C. H. Beck|location=Deutschland|date=1786-10-25|edition=1990|chapter=Lichtenberg’s letter to Johann Beckmann|isbn=3-406-30958-5|url=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/lichtenberg-letter.html|accessdate=2009-05-05|language=Deutsch}}</ref> The formats that became A2, A3, B3, B4 and B5 were developed in France, and published in 1798 during the [[French Revolution]].<ref name="B237">{{cite journal|date=1798-11-03|title=Loi sur le timbre (Nº 2136)|journal=Bulletin des lois de la République|publisher=French government|location=Paris|issue=237|pages=1–2|language=français|url=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/loi-timbre.html|accessdate=2009-05-05}}</ref>
| |
| [[Image:Comparison_paper_sizes.svg|thumb|Comparison of A4 (shaded grey) and C4 sizes with some similar paper and photographic paper sizes.]]
| |
| | |
| Early in the twentieth century, Dr Walter Porstmann turned Lichtenberg's idea into a proper system of different paper sizes. Porstmann's system was introduced as a [[Deutsches Institut für Normung|DIN standard]] (DIN 476) in Germany in 1922, replacing a vast variety of other paper formats. Even today the paper sizes are called "DIN A''x''" in everyday use in Germany, Austria, Spain and Portugal.
| |
| | |
| The main advantage of this system is its scaling: if a sheet with an aspect ratio of {{tmath|\scriptstyle \sqrt2}} is divided into two equal halves parallel to its shortest sides, then the halves will again have an aspect ratio of {{tmath|\scriptstyle \sqrt2}}. Folded brochures of any size can be made by using sheets of the next larger size, e.g. A4 sheets are folded to make A5 brochures. The system allows scaling without compromising the aspect ratio from one size to another – as provided by office photocopiers, e.g. enlarging A4 to A3 or reducing A3 to A4. Similarly, two sheets of A4 can be scaled down to fit exactly one A4 sheet without any cutoff or margins.
| |
| | |
| The weight of each sheet is also easy to calculate given the [[Paper density#Basis Weight|basis weight]] in [[metric system|grams]] per square metre (g/m<sup>2</sup> or "gsm"). Since an A0 sheet has an area of 1 m<sup>2</sup>, its weight in grams is the same as its basis weight in g/m<sup>2</sup>. A standard A4 sheet made from 80 g/m<sup>2</sup> paper weighs 5 g, as it is one 16th (four halvings) of an A0 page. Thus the weight, and the associated postage rate, can be easily calculated by counting the number of sheets used.
| |
| | |
| ISO 216 and its related standards were first published between 1975 and 1995:
| |
| * [[ISO 216:1975]], defining the A and B series of paper sizes
| |
| * [[ISO 269:1985]], defining the C series for envelopes
| |
| * [[ISO 217:1995]], defining the RA and SRA series of raw ("untrimmed") paper sizes
| |
| | |
| ==A series==
| |
| Paper in the A series format has a <math>1:\sqrt{2} \approx 0.707</math> aspect ratio, although this is rounded to the nearest millimetre. A0 is defined so that it has an area of 1 [[square metre]], prior to the rounding. Successive paper sizes in the series (A1, A2, A3, etc.) are defined by halving the preceding paper size, cutting parallel to its shorter side so that the long side of A(''n+1'') is the same length as the short side of A''n'' prior to rounding.
| |
| | |
| The most frequently used of this series is the size A4 which is {{convert|210|x|297|mm|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}. For comparison, the [[Letter (paper size)|letter]] paper size commonly used in North America ({{convert|8.5|x|11|in|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}) is approximately 6 mm (0.24 in) wider and 18 mm (0.71 in) shorter than A4. | |
| | |
| The geometric rationale behind the [[square root of 2]] is to maintain the aspect ratio of each subsequent rectangle after cutting or folding an A series sheet in half, perpendicular to the larger side. Given a rectangle with a longer side, ''x'', and a shorter side, ''y'', ensuring that its aspect ratio, <math>x/y</math>, will be the same as that of a rectangle half its size, <math>y/(x/2)</math>, means that <math>\ x/y = y/(x/2)</math>, which reduces to <math>x/y = \sqrt{2}</math>; in other words, an aspect ratio of <math>1 : \sqrt{2}</math>.
| |
| | |
| The formula that gives the larger border of the paper size A<math>n</math> in metres and without rounding off is the [[geometric sequence]]: <math>a_n = 2^{1/4 - n/2}</math>. The paper size A<math>n</math> thus has the dimension <math>a_n</math> × <math>a_{n+1}</math>. | |
| | |
| The exact millimetre measurement of the long side of A<math>n</math> is given by <math>\left \lfloor 1000/(2^{\frac{2n-1}{4}})+0.2 \right \rfloor</math>. | |
| | |
| ==B series==
| |
| The B series is defined in the standard as follows: "A subsidiary series of sizes is obtained by placing the geometrical means between adjacent sizes of the A series in sequence." The use of the geometric mean means that each step in size: B0, A0, B1, A1, B2 … is smaller than the previous by an equal scaling. As with the A series, the lengths of the B series have the ratio <math>1:\sqrt{2}</math>, and folding one in half gives the next in the series. The shorter side of B0 is exactly 1m.
| |
| | |
| There is also an incompatible Japanese B series which the [[Japanese Industrial Standard|JIS]] defines to have 1.5 times the area of the corresponding JIS A series (which is identical to the ISO A series).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paper-sizes.com/uncommon-paper-sizes/japanese-b-series-paper-size|title=Japanese B Series Paper Size|accessdate=2010-04-18}}</ref> Thus, the lengths of JIS B series paper are <math>\sqrt{1.5} \approx 1.22</math> times those of A-series paper. By comparison, the lengths of ISO B series paper are <math>\sqrt[4]{2} \approx 1.19</math> times those of A-series paper.
| |
| | |
| For the ISO B series, the exact millimetre measurement of the long side of B<math>n</math> is given by <math>\left \lfloor 1000/(2^{\frac{n-1}{2}})+0.2 \right \rfloor</math>.
| |
| | |
| ==C series==
| |
| The C series formats are geometric means between the B series and A series formats with the same number (e.g., C2 is the geometric mean between B2 and A2). The width to height ratio is as in the A and B series. The C series formats are used mainly for [[envelope]]s. An A4 page will fit into a C4 envelope. C series envelopes follow the same ratio principle as the A series pages. For example, if an A4 page is folded in half so that it is A5 in size, it will fit into a C5 envelope (which will be the same size as a C4 envelope folded in half). The lengths of ISO C series paper are therefore <math>\sqrt[8]{2}</math> times those of A-series paper - i.e. about 9% larger.
| |
| | |
| A, B, and C paper fit together as part of a [[geometric progression]], with ratio of successive side lengths of 2<sup>1/8</sup>, though there is no size half-way between B''n'' and A''n''-1: A4, C4, B4, "D4", A3, …; there is such a D-series in the [[Paper size#Swedish extensions|Swedish extensions]] to the system.
| |
| | |
| The exact millimetre measurement of the long side of C<math>n</math> is given by <math>\left \lfloor 1000/(2^{\frac{4n-3}{8}})+0.2 \right \rfloor</math>.
| |
| | |
| ==Tolerances==
| |
| The tolerances specified in the standard are:
| |
| * [[±]]1.5 mm for dimensions up to 150 mm,
| |
| * ±2.0 mm for dimensions in the range 150 to 600 mm, and
| |
| * ±3.0 mm for dimensions above 600 mm.
| |
| | |
| ==A, B, C comparison==
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+ ISO/DIN paper sizes in [[millimetres]] and in [[inch]]es
| |
| ! colspan="1" |
| |
| ! colspan="2" | A Series Formats
| |
| ! colspan="2" | B Series Formats
| |
| ! colspan="2" | C Series Formats
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | size
| |
| | mm
| |
| | inches
| |
| | mm
| |
| | inches
| |
| | mm
| |
| | inches
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 0
| |
| | 841 × 1189
| |
| | 33.1 × 46.8
| |
| | 1000 × 1414
| |
| | 39.4 × 55.7
| |
| | 917 × 1297
| |
| | 36.1 × 51.1
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 1
| |
| | 594 × 841
| |
| | 23.4 × 33.1
| |
| | 707 × 1000
| |
| | 27.8 × 39.4
| |
| | 648 × 917
| |
| | 25.5 × 36.1
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 2
| |
| | 420 × 594
| |
| | 16.5 × 23.4
| |
| | 500 × 707
| |
| | 19.7 × 27.8
| |
| | 458 × 648
| |
| | 18.0 × 25.5
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 3
| |
| | 297 × 420
| |
| | 11.7 × 16.5
| |
| | 353 × 500
| |
| | 13.9 × 19.7
| |
| | 324 × 458
| |
| | 12.8 × 18.0
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 4
| |
| | 210 × 297
| |
| | 8.3 × 11.7
| |
| | 250 × 353
| |
| | 9.8 × 13.9
| |
| | 229 × 324
| |
| | 9.0 × 12.8
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 5
| |
| | 148 × 210
| |
| | 5.8 × 8.3
| |
| | 176 × 250
| |
| | 6.9 × 9.8
| |
| | 162 × 229
| |
| | 6.4 × 9.0
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 6
| |
| | 105 × 148
| |
| | 4.1 × 5.8
| |
| | 125 × 176
| |
| | 4.9 × 6.9
| |
| | 114 × 162
| |
| | 4.5 × 6.4
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 7
| |
| | 74 × 105
| |
| | 2.9 × 4.1
| |
| | 88 × 125
| |
| | 3.5 × 4.9
| |
| | 81 × 114
| |
| | 3.2 × 4.5
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 8
| |
| | 52 × 74
| |
| | 2.0 × 2.9
| |
| | 62 × 88
| |
| | 2.4 × 3.5
| |
| | 57 × 81
| |
| | 2.2 × 3.2
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 9
| |
| | 37 × 52
| |
| | 1.5 × 2.0
| |
| | 44 × 62
| |
| | 1.7 × 2.4
| |
| | 40 × 57
| |
| | 1.6 × 2.2
| |
| |- align="CENTER"
| |
| | 10
| |
| | 26 × 37
| |
| | 1.0 × 1.5
| |
| | 31 × 44
| |
| | 1.2 × 1.7
| |
| | 28 × 40
| |
| | 1.1 × 1.6
| |
| |- valign="BOTTOM"
| |
| | <!-- The size illustrations are to scale with each other. -->
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| | colspan="2" | [[Image:A size illustration2.svg|250px]]
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| | colspan="2" | [[Image:B size illustration2.svg|297px]]
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| | colspan="2" | [[Image:C size illustration2.svg|273px]]
| |
| |}
| |
| [[Image:Comparison SIS 014711 paper sizes.svg|thumb|Comparison of ISO 216 paper sizes between A4 and A3 and Swedish extension SIS 014711 sizes.]]
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| ==Application==
| |
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| The ISO 216 formats are organized around the ratio <math>1:\sqrt{2}</math>; two sheets next to each other together have the same ratio, sideways. In scaled photocopying, for example, two A4 sheets reduced to A5 size fit exactly onto one A4 sheet, and an A4 sheet in magnified size onto an A3 sheet, in each case there is neither waste nor want.
| |
| | |
| The principal countries not generally using the ISO paper sizes are the United States and Canada, which use the [[Paper size#Loose sizes|Letter, Legal and Executive system]]. Although they have also officially adopted the ISO 216 paper format, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, the Philippines and Chile also use mostly U.S. paper sizes. Panama uses the [[Paper size#Loose sizes|Letter, Legal and Executive system]] as well.
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| | |
| [[rectangle|Rectangular]] sheets of paper with the ratio <math>1:\sqrt{2}</math> are popular in [[paper folding]], where they are sometimes called "A4 rectangles" or "silver rectangles".<ref name="Lister">{{cite web|url=http://www.britishorigami.info/academic/lister/a4.php|title=The A4 rectangle|last=Lister|first=David|work=The Lister List|publisher=British Origami Society|location=England|accessdate=2009-05-06}}</ref> In other contexts, the term "silver rectangle" can also refer to a rectangle in the proportion <math>1:(1+\sqrt{2})</math>, known as the [[silver ratio]].
| |
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| ==See also==
| |
| * [[ISO 128]] (relating to technical drawing)
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| * [[Letter (paper size)]]
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| * [[Paper size]]
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| * [[Paper density]]
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| * [[Envelope_sizes#International_standard_sizes|International standard envelope sizes]]
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| {{Commons category|DIN EN ISO 216}}
| |
| * [http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-paper.html International standard paper sizes]: ISO 216 details and rationale
| |
| * [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=36631 ISO 216 at iso.org]
| |
| | |
| {{ISO standards}}
| |
| | |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Iso 216}}
| |
| [[Category:DIN standards]]
| |
| [[Category:ISO standards|#00216]]
| |
| [[Category:Stationery]]
| |
| [[Category:Metrication]]
| |
| [[Category:Technical specifications]]
| |
| | |
| [[pl:Format arkusza#Norma ISO 216]]
| |
If you require to accelerate a PC then you have come to the right place. I will show we, at the moment, five fast methods to drastically better the computer's performance.
If it is very not because big of a issue because we think it happens to be, it may probably be resolved easily by running a Startup Repair or by System Restore Utility. Again it can be because effortless because running an anti-virus check or cleaning the registry.
StreamCI.dll is a file utilized by the default Windows Audio driver to aid procedure the different audio settings on a system. Although this file is regarded as the most crucial on different Windows systems, StreamCI.dll is continually causing a lot of mistakes that have to be repaired. The good news is that you are able to fix this error by using many effortless to perform procedures which will resolve all of the potential issues that are causing the error to show on your PC.
It is normal that the imm32.dll error is caused as a result of a mis-deletion activity. If you cannot discover the imm32.dll anywhere on your computer, there is no doubt that it should be mis-deleted when uninstalling programs or different unneeded files. Hence, we can straight deal it from different programs or download it from a safe internet plus then place it on the computer.
Another way whenever arresting the 1328 error is to wash out the PC's registry. The registry is important because it is actually where settings and files chosen by Windows for running are stored. As it is very frequently employed, breakdowns and situations of files getting corrupted are not unusual. Additionally considering of the method it's configured, the "registry" gets saved inside the wrong fashion continually, that makes your system run slow, eventually causing the PC to suffer from a series of errors. The best method one may use in cleaning out registries is to use a reliable zookaware system. A registry cleaner will seek out plus repair corrupted registry files and settings allowing one's computer to run normally again.
Let's start with the negative sides first. The initial price of the product is especially cheap. But, it only comes with 1 year of updates. After that you need to register to monthly updates. The advantage of that is the fact that perfect optimizer has enough income plus resources to analysis errors. This way, you may be ensured of safe fixes.
Most likely in the event you are experiencing a slow computer it will be a couple years aged. We furthermore could not have been told which while we employ a computer everyday; there are certain things that it requires to continue running inside its best performance. We additionally will not even own any diagnostic tools that might get a PC running like new again. So never allow which stop we from getting the system cleaned. With access to the web you are able to find the tools which will help we receive the program running like hot again.
Ally Wood is a pro software reviewer plus has worked inside CNET. Now she is working for her own review software company to provide suggestions to the software creator and has completed deep test inside registry cleaner software. After reviewing the top registry cleaner, she has written complete review on a review site for we which could be accessed for free.