Interquartile range: Difference between revisions

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An '''irreducible fraction''' (or '''fraction in lowest terms''' or '''reduced fraction''') is a [[fraction (mathematics)|fraction]] in which the [[numerator]] and [[denominator]] are [[integer]]s that have no other common [[divisor]]s than 1 (and -1, when negative numbers are considered). In other words, a fraction <sup>a</sup>⁄<sub>b</sub> is irreducible if and only if ''a'' and ''b'' are [[coprime]], that is, if ''a'' and ''b'' have a [[greatest common divisor]] of 1. In higher [[mathematics]], "'''irreducible fraction'''" may also refer to irreducible [[rational fraction]]s.


An equivalent definition is sometimes useful:  if ''a'', ''b'' are integers, then the fraction <sup>''a''</sup>⁄<sub>''b''</sub> is irreducible if and only if there is no other equal fraction <sup>''c''</sup>⁄<sub>''d''</sub> such that |''c''| < |''a''| or |''d''| < |''b''|, where |''a''| means the [[absolute value]] of ''a''. (Let us recall that to fractions <sup>''a''</sup>⁄<sub>''b''</sub> and <sup>''c''</sup>⁄<sub>''d''</sub> are ''equal'' or ''equivalent'' if and only if ''ad'' = ''bc''.)


For example, <sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub>, <sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>6</sub>, and <sup>−101</sup>⁄<sub>100</sub> are all irreducible fractions. On the other hand, <sup>2</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> is not irreducible since it is equal in value to <sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>, and the numerator of the latter (1) is less than the numerator of the former (2).
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A fraction that is reducible can be reduced by dividing both the numerator and denominator by a common factor. It can be fully reduced to lowest terms if both are divided by their [[greatest common divisor]]. In order to find the greatest common divisor, [[Euclidean algorithm]] or [[prime factorization]] may be used. Euclidean algorithm is commonly preferred because it allows to reduce fractions with numerators and denominators too large to be easily factored.
 
==Examples==
:<math> \frac{120}{90}=\frac{12}{9}=\frac{4}{3} \,.</math>
 
In the first step both numbers were divided by 10, which is a factor common to both 120 and 90. In the second step, they were divided by 3. The final result, <sup>4</sup>/<sub>3</sub>, is an irreducible fraction because 4 and 3 have no common factors other than 1.
 
The original fraction could have also been reduced in a single step by using the greatest common divisor of 90 and 120, which would be gcd(90,120)=30.
 
:<math> \frac{120}{90}=\frac{4}{3} \,.</math>
 
Which method is faster "by hand" depends on the fraction and the ease with which common factors are spotted. In case a denominator and numerator remain that are too large to ensure they are coprime by inspection, a greatest common divisor computation is needed anyway to ensure the fraction is actually irreducible.
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==Uniqueness==
 
Every rational number has a ''unique'' representation as an irreducible fraction with a positive denominator (however <math>\tfrac{2}{3} = \tfrac{-2}{-3}</math> although both are irreducible). Uniqueness is a consequence of the [[Fundamental theorem of arithmetic|unique prime factorization]] of integers, since <math>\tfrac{a}{b} = \tfrac{c}{d}</math> implies ''ad'' = ''bc'' and so both sides of the latter must share the same prime factorization, yet <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> share no prime factors so the set of prime factors of <math>a</math> (with multiplicity) is a subset of those of <math>c</math> and vice versa meaning <math>a=c</math> and <math>b=d</math>.
 
==Generalization==
 
The notion of irreducible fraction generalizes to the [[field of fractions]] of any [[unique factorization domain]]: any element of such a field can be written as a fraction in which denominator and numerator are coprime, by dividing both by their greatest common divisor. This applies notably to [[rational expression]]s over a field. The irreducible fraction for a given element is unique up to multiplication of denominator and numerator by the same invertible element. In the case of the rational numbers this means that any number has two irreducible fractions, related by a change of sign of both numerator and denominator; this ambiguity can be removed by requiring the denominator to be positive. In the case of rational functions the denominator could similarly be required to be a [[monic polynomial]].
 
==See also==
*[[Anomalous cancellation]]
*[[Superpartient number]]
 
==External links==
*{{MathWorld |title=Reduced Fraction |id=ReducedFraction}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Irreducible Fraction}}
[[Category:Fractions]]
[[Category:Elementary arithmetic]]

Latest revision as of 21:06, 5 January 2015




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On organization level; Social Media has managed to get it possible for that ordinary average entrepreneur to plug in with people from every country, every continent above the world in the manner which isn't unprecedented! The an incredible time it really is for world wide web.

There are also a connected with local networking groups every single city. Visit each one and be prepared share some helpful here is how they can better market themselves on the internet. You may even for you to join one of these groups are going to feels comfortable for you.

When people that, they're able to answer of which. People who try to sell on Twitter in order to ask questions like "How to funds from? (link)" or "I make money easily applying! (link)" - avoid stuff like these at all costs.

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