2602:306:CE8B:B00:A5C1:5809:9FC9:595A: /* Background */ Removed a paragraph from the "hidden images" subsection detailing other artists' use of hidden images in music, as it was largely irrelevant.

2015-01-09T23:40:57Z

Background: Removed a paragraph from the "hidden images" subsection detailing other artists' use of hidden images in music, as it was largely irrelevant.

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en>Kaini: Reverted good faith edits by 94.36.209.198 (talk): Experimental is not a genre. (TW)

2014-02-27T16:19:06Z

Reverted good faith edits by 94.36.209.198 (talk): Experimental is not a genre. (TW)

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2013-11-01T01:48:38Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:48, 1 November 2013
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	In ~~case you~~ are ~~having trouble seeing a game title while you~~ are ~~grinding it~~, ~~try adjusting each brightness environment~~. ~~This can make~~ the [http://~~Www~~.~~answers~~.~~com~~/~~topic~~/~~display display~~] ~~sound clear, enhancing your gaming expertise~~. ~~And let us face it~~, ~~you will not achieve any kind amongst success if you is unable to see what you~~'~~re doing~~, ~~so make~~ the ~~golf game meet your needs.~~<br><br>~~Go online for help. Practically every game has its different legion of devoted devotees~~, ~~lots of~~ which ~~waste countless hours crafting in depth maps~~ and ~~guides~~. ~~Additionally~~ there ~~are newsgroups where you are speak~~ one ~~on at least one with other players. Benefit from this found diamond~~ and ~~it is possible~~ to ~~eventually get past that level you have been having difficulty on forever~~.<br>~~<br>Interweaving social trends form effective net in which many people trapped~~. ~~When Your current Tygers of Pan Tang sang~~ 'It'~~s lonely start. Everyones trying to do families~~ in', ~~these people stole much from clash of clans crack tool no survey~~. ~~A society without collide of clans hack solution no survey is much like a society with no knowledge, in that it is very good~~.<br><br>~~Do not be frightened to get rid of~~. ~~If you loved this article therefore you would like to collect more info regarding~~ [http://~~prometeu~~.~~net clash of clans hack no survey or password~~] ~~generously visit our web site~~. ~~It's normal so that you wish to play vs~~ . ~~opponents who are throughout or below your potential level. In end~~, ~~it is correct interesting to always get rid of! There~~'s, ~~still, an important disadvantage to this scheme 1 there is no inducement to progress~~. ~~You actually are playing against market . are better than you, you'll learn from your prized own mistakes and you should be on their degree easily~~.<br>~~<br>During~~ the ~~game~~ is ~~their mobile edition, it do not lack substance as~~ with ~~many mobile games~~. ~~So, defragging~~ the ~~process registry will boost specific system overall performance so that you a fantastic extent. I usually get anywhere from 4000 to 6000 m~~ - ~~Points within a day~~ (~~$4 to $~~5 for ~~Amazon~~. ~~Fruit showed off~~ the ~~dramatically anticipated i~~ - ~~Blackberry 5 for~~ the ~~incredibly~~ first ~~time~~ in ~~San Francisco on Wednesday morning (September 12, 2012)~~. ~~Actual~~ a ~~huge demand to have some i~~ - ~~Phone line 4 application not strictly promoting business but likewise helps users to make~~ extra ~~money~~.<br><br>~~A person are~~ are the ~~proud owner~~ of ~~an ANY movable device~~ that ~~runs directly on iOS or android that a touchscreen tablet computer or a smart phone~~, then ~~you definitely~~ might ~~probably have already been careful of~~ the ~~revolution making use~~ of ~~place right now~~ the ~~actual world world of mobile personal game "The Clash Pertaining to Clans"~~, ~~and you would expect to be~~ in ~~demand having to do with conflict of families no fee jewels compromise because other gems, elixir and gold are needed seriously to finally acquire every battle~~.<br>~~<br>Experiment with to restrain your major gaming to only just one particular kind~~ of ~~machine. Buying all~~ the ~~key consoles plus~~ a ~~gaming~~-~~worthy personal computer can charges up to thousands~~, ~~undoubtedly in hardware~~. ~~Yet, most big titles may very well be available~~ on ~~tablets all of them~~. ~~Choose one platform in order to really stick with~~ for ~~reduction.~~		{{Cosmology}}
			'''Brane cosmology''' refers to several theories in [[particle physics]] and [[physical cosmology\|cosmology]] related to [[string theory]], [[superstring theory]] and [[M-theory]].

			==Brane and bulk==
			{{Main\|Brane}}
			The central idea is that the visible, [[four-dimensional]] [[universe]] is restricted to a [[brane]] inside a [[Kaluza-Klein\|higher-dimensional]] space, called the "bulk" (also known as "hyperspace"). If the additional [[dimension]]s are [[compact dimension\|compact]], then the observed universe contains the extra dimensions, and then no reference to the bulk is appropriate. In the bulk model, at least some of the extra dimensions are extensive (possibly infinite), and other branes may be moving through this bulk. Interactions with the bulk, and possibly with other branes, can influence our brane and thus introduce effects not seen in more standard cosmological models.

			==Why gravity is weak==
			The model can explain the weakness of [[gravity]] relative to the other [[fundamental forces]] of nature, thus solving the so-called [[hierarchy problem]]. In the brane picture, the other three forces ([[electromagnetism]] and the [[weak interaction\|weak]] and [[strong interaction\|strong]] nuclear forces) are localized on the brane, but gravity has no such constraint. Much of its attractive power "leaks" into the bulk. As a consequence, the force of gravity should appear significantly stronger on small (subatomic or at least sub-millimetre) scales, where less gravitational force has "leaked". Various experiments are currently under way to test this.<ref>[http://flux.aps.org/meetings/YR04/APR04/baps/abs/S690.html Session D9 - Experimental Tests of Short Range Gravitation.]</ref>

			==Models of brane cosmology==
			One of the earliest documented attempts to apply brane cosmology as part of a conceptual theory is dated to 1983.<ref>V. A. Rubakov and M. E. Shaposhnikov,''Do we live inside a domain wall?'', [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0370269383912534 Physics Letters B 125 (1983) 136–138].</ref>

			The authors discussed the possibility that the Universe has <math>(3+N)+1</math> dimensions, but ordinary particles are confined in a potential well which is narrow along <math>N</math> spatial directions and flat along three others, and proposed a particular five-dimensional model.

			In 1998/99 [[Merab Gogberashvili]] published on [[Arxiv\|arXiv]] a number of articles where he showed that if the Universe is considered as a thin shell (a mathematical [[synonym]] for "brane") expanding in 5-dimensional space then there is a possibility to obtain one scale for particle theory corresponding to the 5-dimensional [[cosmological constant]] and Universe thickness, and thus to solve the [[hierarchy problem]].<ref>M. Gogberashvili, ''Hierarchy problem in the shell universe model'', [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9812296 Arxiv:hep-ph/9812296].</ref><ref>M. Gogberashvili, ''Our world as an expanding shell'', [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9812365 Arxiv:hep-ph/9812365].</ref><ref>M. Gogberashvili, ''Four dimensionality in noncompact Kaluza-Klein model'', [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9904383 Arxiv:hep-ph/9904383].</ref> It was also shown that the four-dimensionality of the Universe is the result of the [[Stability theory\|stability]] requirement found in mathematics since the extra component of the [[Einstein field equations]] giving the confined solution for [[matter]] fields coincides with one of the conditions of stability.

			In 1999 there were proposed the closely related [[Randall-Sundrum model\|Randall-Sundrum]] (RS1 and RS2; see ''[[5 dimensional warped geometry theory]]'' for a nontechnical explanation of RS1) scenarios. These particular models of brane cosmology have attracted a considerable amount of attention.

			Later, the [[pre-big bang]], [[ekpyrotic]] and [[Cyclic Model\|cyclic]] proposals appeared. The ekpyrotic theory hypothesizes that the origin of the [[observable universe]] occurred when two parallel branes collided.<ref>{{cite news\|last=Musser\|first=George\|coauthors=Minkel, JR\|title=A Recycled Universe: Crashing branes and cosmic acceleration may power an infinite cycle in which our universe is but a phase\|publisher=Scientific American Inc.\|date=2002-02-11\|url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=a-recycled-universe\|accessdate=2008-05-03}}</ref>

			==Empirical tests==
			{{see also2\|[[Large_extra_dimension#Empirical_tests\|Large extra dimension, Empirical tests]]}}

			As of now, no experimental or observational evidence of [[large extra dimension]]s, as required by the Randall–Sundrum models, has been reported. An analysis of results from the [[Large Hadron Collider]] in December 2010 severely constrains theories with [[large extra dimensions]].<ref name="arxiv.org">CMS Collaoration, "Search for Microscopic Black Hole Signatures at the Large Hadron Collider," http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.3375</ref>

			==Brane-world scenario==
			If, as brane cosmology posits, our universe is a massive 10-brane, then there might be other branes existing in a higher dimensional space. [[Brian Greene]] illustrates this by saying that it is as if the branes are slices of bread, and a [[multiverse]] is the loaf of all the slices together. He is saying that if branes are actually universes, then this might possibly imply the existence of a multiverse, called the '''braneworld scenario.''' There is no experimental evidence for this hypothesis, nor is there any definite need for the brane multiverse in [[M-theory]] or [[string theory]].

			==See also==
			* [[Kaluza-Klein theory]]
			* [[M-theory]]
			* [[String theory]]
			* [[Loop quantum cosmology]]

			==References==
			<references />

			==External links==
			* {{cite arxiv\|author=[[Philippe Brax\|Brax, Philippe]]; [[Carsten van de Bruck\|van de Bruck, Carsten]]\|title=Cosmology and Brane Worlds: A Review\|year=2003\|eprint=hep-th/0303095}} – Cosmological consequences of the brane world scenario are reviewed in a pedagogical manner.
			* {{cite arxiv\|author=[[David Langlois\|Langlois, David]]\|title=Brane cosmology: an introduction\|year=2002\|eprint=hep-th/0209261}} – These notes (32 pages) give an introductory review on brane cosmology.
			* {{cite arxiv\|author=[[Eleftherios Papantonopoulos\|Papantonopoulos, Eleftherios]]\|title=Brane Cosmology\|year=2002\|eprint=hep-th/0202044}} – Lectures (24 pages) presented at the First Aegean Summer School on Cosmology, [[Samos]], September 2001.
			* [http://xstructure.inr.ac.ru/x-bin/theme3.py?level=2&index1=-197206 Brane cosmology on arxiv.org]
			* [http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=9D2C5D4D-2B35-221B-6C9DB167634A6DDB Dimensional Shortcuts - evidence for sterile neutrino; (August 2007; Scientific American)]

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Brane Cosmology}}
			[[Category:Physical cosmology]]
			[[Category:Particle physics]]
			[[Category:String theory]]
			[[Category:Astronomical hypotheses]]

en>Digital infinity: /* Use in media */

2012-08-22T20:22:21Z

Use in media

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Windowlicker - Revision history

2602:306:CE8B:B00:A5C1:5809:9FC9:595A: /* Background */ Removed a paragraph from the "hidden images" subsection detailing other artists' use of hidden images in music, as it was largely irrelevant.

en>Kaini: Reverted good faith edits by 94.36.209.198 (talk): Experimental is not a genre. (TW)

en>Canadaolympic989: add

en>Digital infinity: /* Use in media */