en>Fklatt at 23:15, 5 January 2015

2015-01-05T23:15:01Z

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117.198.211.49: /* Starting methods */

2014-02-23T09:19:17Z

Starting methods

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en>Dthomsen8: clean up, typo(s) fixed: i.e → i.e. using AWB

2014-01-22T22:55:27Z

clean up, typo(s) fixed: i.e → i.e. using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:55, 23 January 2014
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	~~Adrianne is what you is going~~ to ~~call me but~~ [~~http://Search.huffingtonpost.com/search?q=I+don%27t&s_it=header_form_v1 I don't~~] ~~like when the public use my full user name~~. ~~What I love doing are~~ to ~~play croquet now I have~~ a ~~chance to take on new things~~. ~~The job I~~'~~ve been occupying designed for years~~ is ~~an portion clerk. My husband and I decided~~ to ~~go with to reside~~ in ~~Guam but I will attain to move~~ in ~~a year or two. You will certainly find my website here: http://circuspartypanama~~.~~com<br><br>~~		{{Use mdy dates\|date=July 2011}}
			'''40-bit encryption''' refers to a [[key size]] of forty bits, or five [[byte]]s, for [[symmetric encryption]]; this represents a relatively low level of security. A forty bit length corresponds to a total of <math>2^{40}</math> possible keys. Although this is a large number in human terms (about a [[1000000000000 (number)\|trillion]], nearly two hundred times the world's human population), it is possible to break this degree of encryption using a moderate amount of computing power in a [[brute force attack]] — that is, trying out each possible key in turn.

	~~Also visit my webpage~~; [http://~~circuspartypanama~~.~~com clash~~ of ~~clans cheats~~]		==Description==
			A typical home computer in 2004 could [[Brute-force attack\|brute-force]] a 40-bit key in a little under two weeks, testing a million keys per second; modern computers are able to achieve this much faster. Using free time on a large corporate network or a [[botnet]] would reduce the time in proportion to the number of computers available.{{sfn\|Schneier\|1996\|p=154}} With dedicated hardware, a 40-bit key can be broken in seconds. The [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]'s [[Deep Crack]], built by a group of enthusiasts for US$250,000 in 1998, could break a 56-bit [[Data Encryption Standard]] (DES) key in days,{{sfn\|EFF-1998}} and would be able to break 40-bit DES encryption in about two seconds.{{sfn\|Schneier\|1996\|p=153}}

			40-bit encryption was common in software released before 1996, when algorithms with larger key lengths could not legally be [[export of cryptography\|exported]] from the United States without a case-by-case license. "In the early 1990s ... As a general policy, the State Department allowed exports of commercial encryption with 40-bit keys, although some software with DES could be exported to U.S.-controlled subsidiaries and financial institutions."{{sfn\|Grimmett\|2001\|p=}}{{sfn\|Schneier\|1996\|p=615}} As a result, the "international" versions of [[web browser]]s were designed to have an effective key size of 40 bits when using [[Secure Sockets Layer]] to protect [[e-commerce]]. Similar limitations were imposed on other software packages, including early versions of [[Wired Equivalent Privacy]]. In 1992, [[IBM]] designed the [[CDMF]] algorithm to reduce the strength of [[56-bit encryption\|56-bit]] DES against brute force attack to 40 bits, in order to create exportable DES implementations.

			==Obsolescence==
			All 40-bit and 56-bit encryption algorithms are [[obsolete]] because they are vulnerable to [[brute force attack]]s, and therefore cannot be regarded as secure. As a result, virtually all web browsers now use 128-bit keys, which are considered strong. Some [[web server]]s will not communicate with a client unless it has a 128-bit encryption capability installed on it.

			Public/private key pairs used in [[asymmetric encryption]] (public key cryptography) must be much longer than 128 bits for security; see [[key size]] for more details.

			As a general rule, modern symmetric encryption algorithms such as [[Advanced Encryption Standard\|AES]] use key lengths of 128, 192 and 256 bits.

			==See also==
			*[[56-bit encryption]]
			*[[Content Scramble System]]

			==Footnotes==
			{{reflist}}

			==References==
			{{refbegin}}
			*{{cite web\|url=https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Crypto/Crypto_misc/DESCracker/HTML/19980716_eff_des_faq.html\|title=Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the Electronic Frontier Foundation's "DES Cracker" Machine\|publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation\|date=16 July 1998\|accessdate=23 Mar 2012\|ref={{harvid\|EFF-1998}}}}
			*{{cite report\|url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl30273.pdf\|format=pdf\|title=Encryption Export Controls\|first=Jeanne J.\|last=Grimmett\|title=Congressional Research Service Eeport RL30273\|year=2001\|ref=harv}}
			*{{cite book\|last=Schneier\|first=Bruce\|title=Applied Cryptography\|edition=Second Edition\|publisher=John Wiley & Sons\|year=1996\|isbn=0-471-11709-9\|ref=harv}}
			{{refend}}

			[[Category:Symmetric-key cryptography]]
			[[Category:History of cryptography]]

en>I dream of horses: Reverted edit(s) by 210.212.57.51 identified as test/vandalism using STiki;

2012-08-20T05:53:41Z

Reverted edit(s) by 210.212.57.51 identified as test/vandalism using STiki;

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Synchronous motor - Revision history

en>Fklatt at 23:15, 5 January 2015

117.198.211.49: /* Starting methods */

en>Dthomsen8: clean up, typo(s) fixed: i.e → i.e. using AWB

en>I dream of horses: Reverted edit(s) by 210.212.57.51 identified as test/vandalism using STiki;