129.97.186.86 at 23:53, 25 August 2013

2013-08-25T23:53:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:53, 26 August 2013
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	It is ~~very common to have~~ a ~~dental emergency --~~ a ~~fractured tooth,~~ an ~~abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking~~ the ~~problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source~~ of the ~~problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible~~.<br><br>~~Here are some common dental emergencies:~~<br>~~Toothache: The most common dental emergency~~. ~~This generally means a badly decayed tooth~~. ~~As the pain affects the tooth's nerve~~, ~~treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously~~ with ~~warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves~~ and ~~insert it in the cavity~~. ~~This will give temporary relief until a dentist~~ can be ~~reached~~.<br><br>~~At times the pain may have~~ a ~~more obscure location such as decay under an old filling~~. ~~As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain~~. ~~Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet~~ in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN.<br><~~br>Swollen Jaw~~: ~~This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth~~. ~~In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling~~. ~~An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw~~, (~~ten minutes on and ten minutes off~~) ~~will take care of both. If this does not control the pain~~, ~~an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours.~~<br><br>~~Other Oral Injuries~~: ~~Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip~~ to ~~a dentist as soon as possible~~. ~~In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water~~ and ~~place cold compression the face opposite the injury~~. ~~If there is a lot of bleeding~~, ~~apply~~ direct ~~pressure~~ to ~~the bleeding area~~. ~~If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary~~.<br><br>~~Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction~~: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.<br><br>~~Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper~~ and ~~lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital.~~<br><br>~~Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth~~. ~~Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice~~ and ~~wrapping it~~ in ~~gauze or a clean piece of cloth~~ and ~~putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts~~. The ~~numbing effect~~ of ~~the cold~~, ~~along with an appropriate dose of aspirin~~, ~~usually provides temporary relief.~~<br>~~<br>In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar~~ (~~Wisdom tooth~~), ~~especially if~~ it is ~~impacted, can cause~~ the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the ~~outside~~ of the ~~face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off.<br><br>In case you adored this post~~ in ~~addition to you desire to receive details relating to [http:~~/~~/www~~.~~youtube.com/watch?v~~=~~90z1mmiwNS8 Dentists in DC~~] ~~kindly check out the web site.~~		{{Refimprove\|date=December 2009}}

			'''Operative temperature''' (<math>t_o</math>) is defined as a uniform temperature of a radiantly black enclosure in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of heat by [[radiation]] plus [[convection]] as in the actual nonuniform environment.<ref>ASHRAE Terminology, ASHRAE Handbook CD, 1999-2002</ref> Some references also use the terms 'equivalent temperature" or 'effective temperature' to describe combined effects of convective and radiant heat transfer.<ref>Nilsson, H.O., Comfort Climate Evaluation with Thermal Manikin Methods and Computer Simulation Models, National Institute for Working Life, 2004, pg. 37</ref> In design, operative temperature can be defined as the average of the [[Mean radiant temperature\|mean radiant]] and [[Dry-bulb temperature\|ambient air temperatures]], weighted by their respective [[heat transfer coefficient]]s.<ref>Thermal Comfort, ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals, Ch. 9, pg.3, 2009</ref> The instrument used for assessing environmental thermal comfort in terms of operative temperature is called a eupatheoscope and was invented by A. F. Dufton in 1929.<ref>Glossary of Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, < http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse?s=e&p=42>, accessed Sept 2010</ref> Mathematically, operative temperature can be shown as;

			::<big><math>t_o = \frac{(h_r t_{mr} + h_c t_a)}{ h_r + h_c}</math></big>

			where,

			:<math>h_c</math> = convective heat transfer coefficient
			:<math>h_r</math> = linear radiative heat transfer coefficient
			:<math>t_a</math> = air temperature
			:<math>t_{mr}</math> = mean radiant temperature

			It is also acceptable to approximate this relationship for occupants engaged in near sedentary physical activity (with metabolic rates between 1.0 met and 1.3 met), not in direct sunlight, and not exposed to air velocities greater than 0.20 m/s (40 fpm). <ref>ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2010, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy</ref>

			::<big><math>t_o = \frac{(t_a + t_{mr})}{ 2 }</math></big>

			where <math>t_a</math> and <math>t_{mr}</math> have the same meaning as above.

			==Application==

			Operative temperature is used in heat transfer and thermal comfort analysis in transportation and buildings.<ref>Dufton, A. F. The Equivalent Temperature of a room and its Measurement, Building Research Technical Paper No. 13. London, 1932</ref> Most [[Psychrometrics\|psychrometric]] charts used in HVAC design only show the dry bulb temperature on the x-axis(abscissa), however, it is the operative temperature which is specified on the x-axis of the psychrometric chart illustrated in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55 – Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human occupancy.

			==See also==
			*[[HVAC]]
			*[[Psychrometrics]]
			*[[Underfloor heating]]
			*[[ASHRAE]]

			==References==
			{{Reflist}}

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Operative Temperature}}
			[[Category:Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning]]


			{{Ecology-stub}}

en>Honestrosewater: Expansion.

2012-08-19T19:32:57Z

Expansion.

New page

It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible. Here are some common dental emergencies: Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached. At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN. Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours. Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary. Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital. Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital. Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief. In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off. In case you adored this post in addition to you desire to receive details relating to [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90z1mmiwNS8 Dentists in DC] kindly check out the web site.

Strong antichain - Revision history

129.97.186.86 at 23:53, 25 August 2013

en>Honestrosewater: Expansion.