State variable - Revision history

190.150.115.59: /* Examples */

2014-09-08T20:04:16Z

Examples

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:04, 8 September 2014
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	~~'''Copper loss'''~~ is the term often given to [[heat]] produced by [[electrical current]]s in the [[Electrical conductor\|conductor]]s of [[transformer]] windings, or other electrical devices. Copper losses are an undesirable transfer of [[energy]], as are [[core loss]]es, which result from [[induced current]]s in adjacent components. The term is applied regardless of whether the windings are made of [[copper]] or another conductor, such as [[aluminium]]. Hence the term '~~''winding loss''' is often preferred~~. ~~The term [[load loss]]~~ is ~~closely related but not identical, since an unloaded transformer will have some winding loss~~.		Ed is what people call me and my wife doesn't like it at all. Credit authorising is how she makes a residing. My spouse and I reside in Kentucky. As a woman what she really likes is style and she's been doing it for quite a while.<br><br>Have a look at my homepage - tarot readings ([http://www.article-galaxy.com/profile.php?a=143251 http://www.article-galaxy.com])

	~~Copper losses result from [[Joule heating]]~~ and ~~so are also referred to as "~~I ~~squared R losses",~~ in ~~reference to [[Joule's first law\|Joule's First Law]]~~. This states that the energy lost each [[second]], or [[Power (physics)\|power]], increases as the [[square (algebra)\|square]] of the current through the windings and in [[proportionality (mathematics)\|proportion]] to the [[electrical resistance]] of the conductors.

	~~:<math>\mbox{Copper Loss} \propto I^2 \cdot R</math>~~

	~~where I~~ is ~~the current flowing in the conductor~~ and ~~R the resistance of the conductor. With I in [[ampere]]~~s ~~and R in ohms, the calculated power loss is given in [[watt]]s.~~

	~~Joule heating has~~ a ~~[[coefficient of performance]] of 1.0, meaning that every 1 watt of electrical power is converted to 1 Joule of heat~~. ~~Therefore, the energy lost due to copper loss is:~~

	:<~~math~~>~~\mbox{Copper Loss} = I^2 \cdot R \cdot t~~<~~/math~~>

	~~where t is the time in [[second]]s the current is maintained.~~

	~~With high~~-~~frequency currents, winding loss is affected by [[Proximity effect~~ (~~electromagnetism)\|proximity effect]] and~~ [~~[skin effect]], and cannot be calculated as simply~~.

	~~For low~~-~~frequency applications, the power lost can be minimized by employing conductors with a large cross-sectional area, made from low-[[resistivity]] metals~~.

	~~{{Main\|Copper in energy efficient motors}}~~
	~~Among other measures, the electrical energy efficiency of~~ a typical industrial [[induction motor]] can be improved by reducing the electrical losses in the [[stator]] windings (e.g., by increasing the cross-sectional area of the conductor, improving the winding technique, and using materials with higher electrical conductivities, such as [[Copper in energy efficient motors\|copper]]).

	==~~See also==~~
	* [[Iron loss]]
	* [[Copper in energy efficient motors]]

	~~==External links==~~
	* [http://www.~~articleworld~~.~~org/index.php/Copper_loss Reduction of copper losses~~]

	~~[[Category:Transformers (electrical~~)]]
	~~[[Category:Electrical engineering]]~~

	~~{{electric-stub}}~~

en>Hhhippo: Reverted 1 edit by 14.139.223.167 (talk) to last revision by Bmpeiffe. (TW)

2014-02-01T11:44:03Z

Reverted 1 edit by 14.139.223.167 (talk) to last revision by Bmpeiffe. (TW)

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:44, 1 February 2014
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	~~Hello~~. ~~Let me introduce~~ the ~~author~~. ~~Her name~~ is ~~Refugia Shryock~~. ~~Body developing~~ is ~~what my family members~~ and I ~~enjoy~~. I am a ~~meter reader but I plan on changing it~~. ~~Years ago we moved~~ to ~~North Dakota~~.<br><br>~~Here~~ is ~~my blog~~ [~~http://simple~~-~~crafts~~.~~com/groups/best~~-~~techniques~~-~~for~~-~~keeping~~-~~yeast-infections-under-control/~~ http://~~simple-crafts~~.~~com~~/~~groups~~/~~best~~-~~techniques-for-keeping-yeast-infections-under-control/]~~		'''Copper loss''' is the term often given to [[heat]] produced by [[electrical current]]s in the [[Electrical conductor\|conductor]]s of [[transformer]] windings, or other electrical devices. Copper losses are an undesirable transfer of [[energy]], as are [[core loss]]es, which result from [[induced current]]s in adjacent components. The term is applied regardless of whether the windings are made of [[copper]] or another conductor, such as [[aluminium]]. Hence the term '''winding loss''' is often preferred. The term [[load loss]] is closely related but not identical, since an unloaded transformer will have some winding loss.

			Copper losses result from [[Joule heating]] and so are also referred to as "I squared R losses", in reference to [[Joule's first law\|Joule's First Law]]. This states that the energy lost each [[second]], or [[Power (physics)\|power]], increases as the [[square (algebra)\|square]] of the current through the windings and in [[proportionality (mathematics)\|proportion]] to the [[electrical resistance]] of the conductors.

			:<math>\mbox{Copper Loss} \propto I^2 \cdot R</math>

			where I is the current flowing in the conductor and R the resistance of the conductor. With I in [[ampere]]s and R in ohms, the calculated power loss is given in [[watt]]s.

			Joule heating has a [[coefficient of performance]] of 1.0, meaning that every 1 watt of electrical power is converted to 1 Joule of heat. Therefore, the energy lost due to copper loss is:

			:<math>\mbox{Copper Loss} = I^2 \cdot R \cdot t</math>

			where t is the time in [[second]]s the current is maintained.

			With high-frequency currents, winding loss is affected by [[Proximity effect (electromagnetism)\|proximity effect]] and [[skin effect]], and cannot be calculated as simply.

			For low-frequency applications, the power lost can be minimized by employing conductors with a large cross-sectional area, made from low-[[resistivity]] metals.

			{{Main\|Copper in energy efficient motors}}
			Among other measures, the electrical energy efficiency of a typical industrial [[induction motor]] can be improved by reducing the electrical losses in the [[stator]] windings (e.g., by increasing the cross-sectional area of the conductor, improving the winding technique, and using materials with higher electrical conductivities, such as [[Copper in energy efficient motors\|copper]]).

			==See also==
			* [[Iron loss]]
			* [[Copper in energy efficient motors]]

			==External links==
			* [http://www.articleworld.org/index.php/Copper_loss Reduction of copper losses]

			[[Category:Transformers (electrical)]]
			[[Category:Electrical engineering]]

			{{electric-stub}}

en>Chetvorno: Added field this concept is used in, control systems engineering

2012-03-15T22:36:09Z

Added field this concept is used in, control systems engineering

New page

Hello. Let me introduce the author. Her name is Refugia Shryock. Body developing is what my family members and I enjoy. I am a meter reader but I plan on changing it. Years ago we moved to North Dakota.<br><br>Here is my blog [http://simple-crafts.com/groups/best-techniques-for-keeping-yeast-infections-under-control/ http://simple-crafts.com/groups/best-techniques-for-keeping-yeast-infections-under-control/]