Semidefinite programming - Revision history

131.215.248.46: /* Example 2 */

2014-02-22T21:25:58Z

Example 2

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:25, 22 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~'''Contrast resolution''' is the ability to distinguish between differences in intensity in an image.<ref>{{cite book~~		The title of the writer is Numbers but it's not the most masucline title out there. One of the very best issues in the globe for me is to do aerobics and I've been doing it for fairly a while. North Dakota is our birth place. My day occupation is a meter reader.<br><br>my web page ... [http://www.gaysphere.net/user/KJGI std home test]
	\| title ~~= The encyclopaedia~~ of ~~medical imaging~~
	~~\| ISBN = 1-901865-13-4}}~~
	~~</ref> The measure is used in [[medical imaging]] to quantify~~ the ~~quality of acquired images. It~~ is ~~a difficult quantity to define, because~~ it ~~depends on~~ the ~~human observer as much as the quality~~ of the ~~actual image. For example, the size of a feature affects how easily it is detected by~~ the ~~observer.<ref>{{cite book~~
	~~\| title = Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics: Fundamentals, Technical Solutions and Applications~~ for ~~Systems Applying Ionizing Radiation, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound~~
	~~\| ISBN = 3-89578-226-2~~
	~~\| page = 44}}~~
	~~</ref>~~

	~~One definition of image contrast~~ is:
	~~:<math>~~
	~~C = \frac{S_A-S_B}{S_A+S_B}~~
	~~</math>~~
	~~where S<sub>A</sub>~~ and ~~S<sub>B</sub> are signal intensities~~ for ~~signal producing structures A and B in the region of interest.<ref>{{cite book~~
	~~\| first1 = R. E.~~
	~~\| last1 = Hendrick~~
	~~\| first2 = U.~~
	~~\| last2 = Raff~~
	~~\| title = Magnetic Resonance Imaging~~
	~~\| editor1-first = David D.~~
	~~\| editor1-last = Stark~~
	~~\| editor2-first = William G.~~
	~~\| editor2-last = Bradley~~
	~~\| publisher = Mosby~~
	~~\| location = St~~. ~~Louis~~
	~~\| year = 1992~~
	~~\| edition = 2nd~~
	~~\| pages = 109–144}}~~
	~~</ref> A disadvantage of this definition~~ is ~~that the contrast ''C'' can be negative~~. ~~An alternative definition is:~~
	~~:<math>~~
	~~C = \frac {\|S_A-S_B\|}{S_\mathrm{ref}}~~
	~~</math>~~
	~~where S<sub>ref</sub>~~ is a ~~reference signal intensity, which is independent of the type of signal producing structure under investigation~~.<~~ref~~>~~{{cite journal~~
	~~\| first1 = W. A.~~
	~~\| last1 = Edelstein~~
	~~\| first2 = P. A.~~
	~~\| last2 = Bottomley~~
	~~\| first3 = H. R.~~
	~~\| last3 = Hart~~
	~~\| first4 = L. S.~~
	~~\| last4 = Smith~~
	~~\| title = Signal, noise and contrast in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging~~
	~~\| journal = Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography~~
	~~\| volume = 7~~
	~~\| number = 3~~
	~~\| pages = 391–401~~
	~~\| year = 1983}}~~
	<~~/ref~~>

	In [[MRI]], determining contrast is of high importance for calibration because the operator has a high degree of control of how the signal intensities of various structures vary in the images by using different MRI methods and imaging parameters. Unlike most other imaging modalities, such as x-ray CT in which the [[Hounsfield units]] value for water is set to zero, there is no standard reference signal for MRI. Thus the [[contrast-to-noise ratio]] is often employed as an index for contrast because this metric does not require a reference signal.

	~~'''Contrast resolution''' or '''contrast-detail''' is an approach to describing the image quality in terms of both the image contrast and resolution.~~

	Contrast resolution is usually measured by generating a pattern from a test object that depicts how image contrast changes as the structures being imaged get smaller and closer together. The picture below shows one such set of images produced using the low contrast detectability inserts of the phantom employed in the MRI accreditation program of the [[American College of Radiology]].

	~~[[File:LowContrast001.jpg\|frame\|center\|This series of pictures shows that the number of row of holes that are perceived decreases as the image contrast decreases from 5~~.~~1% to 3~~.~~7% to 2~~.~~2% to 1% (left to right)]]~~

	[http://www.~~impactscan~~.~~org~~/~~slides~~/impactcourse/noise_and_low_contrast_resolution/img61.html Contrast detail curves], which depict the functional relationship between image resolution and contrast resolution, can be produced using this type of data.

	~~==See also==~~

	*[[Contrast-to-noise ratio]]
	*[[Spatial resolution]]
	..

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{Reflist}}~~
	~~[[Category:Medical imaging]~~]


	~~{{medical-equipment-stub}}~~

en>MrOllie: Reverted 1 edit by Archim2 (talk): Rv linkspam. (TW)

2013-10-03T20:43:31Z

Reverted 1 edit by Archim2 (talk): Rv linkspam. (TW)

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:43, 3 October 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[~~http://premium~~.~~asslikethat~~.~~com/blog/9567 over~~ the ~~counter std test] writer~~ is ~~called Irwin Wunder but it's not~~ the ~~most masucline~~ title ~~out there. Doing ceramics [http~~://~~Www~~.~~News~~-~~Medical~~.~~net/health/What~~-is-an-~~STD-(Sexually-Transmitted-Disease)~~.~~aspx std testing] at [http~~://~~www~~.~~noonptm~~.~~com/fox/upload/index~~.~~php?do~~=/~~profile~~-~~3715/info/ home std test~~] is ~~what~~ ~~std~~ [~~http://depts~~.~~washington.edu/handbook/syndromesBoth/ch9_ulcers.html testing] at home my family members~~ and ~~I appreciate~~. ~~Hiring~~ is ~~her working day job now but she's~~ usually ~~wanted her own business~~. ~~For many years he's been living~~ in ~~North Dakota and his family members enjoys it~~.~~<br><br>Also visit my homepage~~ ... [http://~~spermdonorinfo~~.co.uk/~~groups~~/~~eliminate~~-a-~~yeast-infection-with-one~~-of-~~these-tips/ at home std testing]~~		'''Contrast resolution''' is the ability to distinguish between differences in intensity in an image.<ref>{{cite book
			\| title = The encyclopaedia of medical imaging
			\| ISBN = 1-901865-13-4}}
			</ref> The measure is used in [[medical imaging]] to quantify the quality of acquired images. It is a difficult quantity to define, because it depends on the human observer as much as the quality of the actual image. For example, the size of a feature affects how easily it is detected by the observer.<ref>{{cite book
			\| title = Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics: Fundamentals, Technical Solutions and Applications for Systems Applying Ionizing Radiation, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound
			\| ISBN = 3-89578-226-2
			\| page = 44}}
			</ref>

			One definition of image contrast is:
			:<math>
			C = \frac{S_A-S_B}{S_A+S_B}
			</math>
			where S<sub>A</sub> and S<sub>B</sub> are signal intensities for signal producing structures A and B in the region of interest.<ref>{{cite book
			\| first1 = R. E.
			\| last1 = Hendrick
			\| first2 = U.
			\| last2 = Raff
			\| title = Magnetic Resonance Imaging
			\| editor1-first = David D.
			\| editor1-last = Stark
			\| editor2-first = William G.
			\| editor2-last = Bradley
			\| publisher = Mosby
			\| location = St. Louis
			\| year = 1992
			\| edition = 2nd
			\| pages = 109–144}}
			</ref> A disadvantage of this definition is that the contrast ''C'' can be negative. An alternative definition is:
			:<math>
			C = \frac {\|S_A-S_B\|}{S_\mathrm{ref}}
			</math>
			where S<sub>ref</sub> is a reference signal intensity, which is independent of the type of signal producing structure under investigation.<ref>{{cite journal
			\| first1 = W. A.
			\| last1 = Edelstein
			\| first2 = P. A.
			\| last2 = Bottomley
			\| first3 = H. R.
			\| last3 = Hart
			\| first4 = L. S.
			\| last4 = Smith
			\| title = Signal, noise and contrast in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging
			\| journal = Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
			\| volume = 7
			\| number = 3
			\| pages = 391–401
			\| year = 1983}}
			</ref>

			In [[MRI]], determining contrast is of high importance for calibration because the operator has a high degree of control of how the signal intensities of various structures vary in the images by using different MRI methods and imaging parameters. Unlike most other imaging modalities, such as x-ray CT in which the [[Hounsfield units]] value for water is set to zero, there is no standard reference signal for MRI. Thus the [[contrast-to-noise ratio]] is often employed as an index for contrast because this metric does not require a reference signal.

			'''Contrast resolution''' or '''contrast-detail''' is an approach to describing the image quality in terms of both the image contrast and resolution.

			Contrast resolution is usually measured by generating a pattern from a test object that depicts how image contrast changes as the structures being imaged get smaller and closer together. The picture below shows one such set of images produced using the low contrast detectability inserts of the phantom employed in the MRI accreditation program of the [[American College of Radiology]].

			[[File:LowContrast001.jpg\|frame\|center\|This series of pictures shows that the number of row of holes that are perceived decreases as the image contrast decreases from 5.1% to 3.7% to 2.2% to 1% (left to right)]]

			[http://www.impactscan.org/slides/impactcourse/noise_and_low_contrast_resolution/img61.html Contrast detail curves], which depict the functional relationship between image resolution and contrast resolution, can be produced using this type of data.

			==See also==

			*[[Contrast-to-noise ratio]]
			*[[Spatial resolution]]
			..

			==References==
			{{Reflist}}
			[[Category:Medical imaging]]


			{{medical-equipment-stub}}

139.19.14.37 at 12:10, 20 August 2012

2012-08-20T12:10:37Z

New page

[http://premium.asslikethat.com/blog/9567 over the counter std test] writer is called Irwin Wunder but it's not the most masucline title out there. Doing ceramics [http://Www.News-Medical.net/health/What-is-an-STD-(Sexually-Transmitted-Disease).aspx std testing] at [http://www.noonptm.com/fox/upload/index.php?do=/profile-3715/info/ home std test] is what std [http://depts.washington.edu/handbook/syndromesBoth/ch9_ulcers.html testing] at home my family members and I appreciate. Hiring is her working day job now but she's usually wanted her own business. For many years he's been living in North Dakota and his family members enjoys it.<br><br>Also visit my homepage ... [http://spermdonorinfo.co.uk/groups/eliminate-a-yeast-infection-with-one-of-these-tips/ at home std testing]

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:25, 22 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~'''Contrast resolution''' is the ability to distinguish between differences in intensity in an image.<ref>{{cite book~~		The title of the writer is Numbers but it's not the most masucline title out there. One of the very best issues in the globe for me is to do aerobics and I've been doing it for fairly a while. North Dakota is our birth place. My day occupation is a meter reader.<br><br>my web page ... [http://www.gaysphere.net/user/KJGI std home test]
	\| title ~~= The encyclopaedia~~ of ~~medical imaging~~
	~~\| ISBN = 1-901865-13-4}}~~
	~~</ref> The measure is used in [[medical imaging]] to quantify~~ the ~~quality of acquired images. It~~ is ~~a difficult quantity to define, because~~ it ~~depends on~~ the ~~human observer as much as the quality~~ of the ~~actual image. For example, the size of a feature affects how easily it is detected by~~ the ~~observer.<ref>{{cite book~~
	~~\| title = Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics: Fundamentals, Technical Solutions and Applications~~ for ~~Systems Applying Ionizing Radiation, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound~~
	~~\| ISBN = 3-89578-226-2~~
	~~\| page = 44}}~~
	~~</ref>~~

	~~One definition of image contrast~~ is:
	~~:<math>~~
	~~C = \frac{S_A-S_B}{S_A+S_B}~~
	~~</math>~~
	~~where S<sub>A</sub>~~ and ~~S<sub>B</sub> are signal intensities~~ for ~~signal producing structures A and B in the region of interest.<ref>{{cite book~~
	~~\| first1 = R. E.~~
	~~\| last1 = Hendrick~~
	~~\| first2 = U.~~
	~~\| last2 = Raff~~
	~~\| title = Magnetic Resonance Imaging~~
	~~\| editor1-first = David D.~~
	~~\| editor1-last = Stark~~
	~~\| editor2-first = William G.~~
	~~\| editor2-last = Bradley~~
	~~\| publisher = Mosby~~
	~~\| location = St~~. ~~Louis~~
	~~\| year = 1992~~
	~~\| edition = 2nd~~
	~~\| pages = 109–144}}~~
	~~</ref> A disadvantage of this definition~~ is ~~that the contrast ''C'' can be negative~~. ~~An alternative definition is:~~
	~~:<math>~~
	~~C = \frac {\|S_A-S_B\|}{S_\mathrm{ref}}~~
	~~</math>~~
	~~where S<sub>ref</sub>~~ is a ~~reference signal intensity, which is independent of the type of signal producing structure under investigation~~.<~~ref~~>~~{{cite journal~~
	~~\| first1 = W. A.~~
	~~\| last1 = Edelstein~~
	~~\| first2 = P. A.~~
	~~\| last2 = Bottomley~~
	~~\| first3 = H. R.~~
	~~\| last3 = Hart~~
	~~\| first4 = L. S.~~
	~~\| last4 = Smith~~
	~~\| title = Signal, noise and contrast in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging~~
	~~\| journal = Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography~~
	~~\| volume = 7~~
	~~\| number = 3~~
	~~\| pages = 391–401~~
	~~\| year = 1983}}~~
	<~~/ref~~>

	In [[MRI]], determining contrast is of high importance for calibration because the operator has a high degree of control of how the signal intensities of various structures vary in the images by using different MRI methods and imaging parameters. Unlike most other imaging modalities, such as x-ray CT in which the [[Hounsfield units]] value for water is set to zero, there is no standard reference signal for MRI. Thus the [[contrast-to-noise ratio]] is often employed as an index for contrast because this metric does not require a reference signal.

	~~'''Contrast resolution''' or '''contrast-detail''' is an approach to describing the image quality in terms of both the image contrast and resolution.~~

	Contrast resolution is usually measured by generating a pattern from a test object that depicts how image contrast changes as the structures being imaged get smaller and closer together. The picture below shows one such set of images produced using the low contrast detectability inserts of the phantom employed in the MRI accreditation program of the [[American College of Radiology]].

	~~[[File:LowContrast001.jpg\|frame\|center\|This series of pictures shows that the number of row of holes that are perceived decreases as the image contrast decreases from 5~~.~~1% to 3~~.~~7% to 2~~.~~2% to 1% (left to right)]]~~

	[http://www.~~impactscan~~.~~org~~/~~slides~~/impactcourse/noise_and_low_contrast_resolution/img61.html Contrast detail curves], which depict the functional relationship between image resolution and contrast resolution, can be produced using this type of data.

	~~==See also==~~

	*[[Contrast-to-noise ratio]]
	*[[Spatial resolution]]
	..

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{Reflist}}~~
	~~[[Category:Medical imaging]~~]


	~~{{medical-equipment-stub}}~~