Optimal projection equations - Revision history

en>Faizan: clean up, typo(s) fixed: so called → so-called using AWB

2014-11-02T11:52:07Z

clean up, typo(s) fixed: so called → so-called using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:52, 2 November 2014
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	~~The '''Lankford coefficient''' (also called Lankford value, R~~-~~value~~, ~~or plastic strain ratio)<ref>Lankford, W. T~~., ~~Snyder~~, S. ~~C., Bausher, J. A.: ''New criteria~~ for ~~predicting~~ the ~~press performance of deep drawing sheets~~.~~'' Trans. ASM, 42~~, ~~1197–1205 (1950).</ref> is~~ a ~~measure of~~ the ~~[[plasticity (physics)\|plastic]] [[anisotropy]]~~ of ~~a [[rolling (metalworking)\|rolled]] [[sheet metal]]~~. ~~This~~ [~~[Scalar (physics)\|scalar]] quantity is used extensively as an indicator of the [[formability]] of [[recrystallization\|recrystallized]] [[low~~-~~carbon steel]] sheets~~.~~<ref name~~=~~Mori>Ken-ichiro Mori~~, ~~''Simulation~~ of ~~Materials Processing: Theory~~, ~~Methods~~ and ~~Applications'', (ISBN 9026518226), p~~.~~ 436~~<~~/ref~~>		By investing in a premium Word - Press theme, you're investing in the future of your website. Offshore expert Word - Press developers high level of interactivity, accessibility, functionality and usability of our website can add custom online to using. Your parishioners and certainly interested audience can come in to you for further information from the group and sometimes even approaching happenings and systems with the church. In the recent years, there has been a notable rise in the number of companies hiring Indian Word - Press developers. Should you have almost any concerns about where in addition to how you can work with [http://www.muh-tang-clan-onyxia.de/index.php?mod=users&action=view&id=78995 wordpress dropbox backup], you can email us on our own page. The number of options offered here is overwhelming, but once I took the time to begin to review the video training, I was amazed at how easy it was to create a squeeze page and a membership site. <br><br>Always remember that an effective linkwheel strategy strives to answer all the demands of popular search engines while reacting to the latest marketing number trends. Wordpress have every reason with it which promote wordpress development. Some plugins ask users to match pictures or add numbers, and although effective, they appear unprofessional and unnecessary. Being able to help with your customers can make a change in how a great deal work, repeat online business, and referrals you'll be given. Akismet is really a sophisticated junk e-mail blocker and it's also very useful thinking about I recieve many junk e-mail comments day-to-day across my various web-sites. <br><br>Saying that, despite the launch of Wordpress Express many months ago, there has still been no sign of a Wordpress video tutorial on offer UNTIL NOW. Browse through the popular Wordpress theme clubs like the Elegant Themes, Studio Press, Woo - Themes, Rocket Theme, Simple Themes and many more. You've got invested a great cope of time developing and producing up the topic substance. The first thing you need to do is to choose the right web hosting plan. Search engine optimization pleasant picture and solution links suggest you will have a much better adjust at gaining considerable natural site visitors. <br><br>It has become a more prevalent cause of infertility and the fertility clinic are having more and more couples with infertility problems. But the Joomla was created as the CMS over years of hard work. To do this, you should link your posts to other relevant posts that you've created. If you just want to share some picture and want to use it as a dairy, that you want to share with your friends and family members, then blogger would be an excellent choice. Now all you have to do is log into your Word - Press site making use of the very same username and password that you initially had in your previous site. <br><br>Every single module contains published data and guidelines, usually a lot more than 1 video, and when pertinent, incentive links and PDF files to assist you out. Mahatma Gandhi is known as one of the most prominent personalities and symbols of peace, non-violence and freedom. As a result, it is really crucial to just take aid of some experience when searching for superior quality totally free Word - Press themes, Word - Press Premium Themes for your web site. ) Remote Login: With the process of PSD to Wordpress conversion comes the advantage of flexibility. For your information, it is an open source web content management system.

	~~== Definition ==~~
	If <~~math~~>~~x</math> and <math>y</math> are~~ the ~~coordinate directions in~~ the ~~plane of rolling~~ and ~~<math>z</math> is the thickness direction~~, ~~then the R-value is~~ given by
	~~:<math>~~
	~~R = \cfrac{\epsilon^p_{\mathrm{xy}}}{\epsilon^p_{\mathrm{z}}}~~
	~~</math>~~
	~~where <math>\epsilon^p_{\mathrm{xy}}</math>~~ is ~~the [[plastic strain]] in~~-~~plane~~ and <~~math~~>~~\epsilon^p_{\mathrm{z}}~~<~~/math~~> ~~is the plastic strain through-the-thickness.~~

	~~More recent studies have shown~~ that the ~~R-value~~ of a ~~material can depend strongly~~ on the ~~strain even at small strains {{Citation needed\|date=July 2009}} . In practice~~, ~~the <math>R</math> value is usually measured at 20% elongation in a [[tensile test]].~~

	~~For [[sheet metal]]s~~, ~~the <math>R</math> values are usually determined for three different directions of loading in~~-~~plane (<math>0^{\circ}~~, ~~45^{\circ}~~, ~~90^{\circ}</math> to the [[rolling direction]])~~ and the ~~'''normal R-value'''~~ is ~~taken~~ to be the ~~average~~
	:<~~math~~>
	~~R = \cfrac{1}{4}\left(R_0 + 2~R_{45} + R_{90}\right) ~.~~
	<~~/math~~>

	~~The '''planar anisotropy coefficient''' or '''planar R-value''' is~~ a ~~measure~~ of the ~~variation of <math>R</math>~~ with ~~angle from~~ the ~~rolling direction. This quantity is defined~~ as
	~~:<math>~~
	~~R_p = \cfrac{1}{2}\left(R_0 - 2~R_{45} + R_{90}\right) ~.~~
	~~</math>~~

	~~== Anisotropy of steel sheets ==~~
	~~Generally,~~ the ~~Lankford value~~ of ~~[[cold rolled steel]] sheet acting for [[Deep drawing\|deep-drawability]] shows heavy orientation~~, and ~~such deep-drawability is characterized by <math>R</math>. However~~, ~~in the actual press-working~~, ~~the deep~~-~~drawability~~ of ~~steel sheets cannot be determined only by~~ the ~~value of~~ <~~math~~>R<~~/math~~> and ~~the measure of planar anisotropy~~, ~~<math>R_p</math> is~~ more ~~appropriate~~.

	~~In an ordinary cold rolled steel, <math>R_{90}</math>~~ is the ~~highest~~, and ~~<math>R_{45}</math> is the lowest~~. ~~Experience shows that even if <math>R_{45}</math>~~ is ~~close~~ to 1, ~~<math>R_0</math> and <math>R_{90}</math> can be quite high leading to a high~~ ~~average value of <math>R</math>.<ref name=Mori />~~ ~~In such cases, any press-forming~~ process ~~design on~~ the ~~basis~~ of ~~<math>R_{45}</math> does not lead to~~ an ~~improvement in deep-drawability~~.

	~~== See also ==~~
	* [[Yield surface]]

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Lankford Coefficient}}~~
	~~[[Category:Plasticity]]~~
	~~[[Category:Solid mechanics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Metal forming]]~~

en>Addbot: Bot: Removing Orphan Tag (No longer an Orphan) (Report Errors)

2013-01-09T03:11:30Z

Bot: Removing Orphan Tag (No longer an Orphan) (Report Errors)

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:11, 9 January 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~Security in~~ the ~~home hasn"t been as important and as apparent because it is today~~. ~~Recently there"s been an ever-increasing amount of home-based crimes including home invasions and break & enters~~. ~~Of course~~, ~~any home owner desires to defend their families and possessions~~, ~~step one in home security may be the conclusion that there surely is a dependence on it~~. <br>~~<br>The single most visible aspect~~ of ~~home security could be~~ the ~~monitored alarm system. Home security systems have been with us for quite~~ a ~~long time and have evolved as a result of increased need and indeed, need for these defensive measures~~. ~~The security of mind provided by alarm systems~~ is ~~second to none~~ as ~~they supply a wealth~~ of ~~services along with~~ the ~~track~~ of ~~the home~~. ~~In a time~~ of ~~emergency in the home~~, ~~most security systems provides easy one-touch connections to the Fire~~, ~~Police and Ambulance services~~. ~~Also, you~~&~~quot~~;~~re always notified by your tracking company if your alarm is activated. Get more about [https:~~//~~www.slideshare.net~~/~~alarmrelay/ tour home alarm monitoring] by browsing our impressive URL. Extra solutions~~ are ~~also available such as~~ the ~~instant dispatch of security personnel~~ in the ~~event~~ of ~~an alarm when you are unable to attend. This could provide a great satisfaction when on extended leaves of absence from~~ the ~~house. Eventually~~, ~~many insurance companies offer a decrease in~~ the ~~cost of home insurance for a checked home.~~ <br><br>~~There are always a variety of other items a homeowner can perform to greatly help ensure~~ the ~~security of these home. A lot of them are simple easy methods that are often neglected. Identify more on~~ [~~http:~~/~~/www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ga8CrW0LmAQ alarm monitoring service] by visiting our powerful web page. One of these simple features~~ is ~~outdoor lighting round~~ the ~~house~~. If the ~~front~~ of ~~your house is hidden and dark~~, ~~it might be advisable to present some light that makes~~ the ~~entranceway more apparent. Remember that visibility will often deter petty thieves as a deeper region~~ is ~~much easier~~ in ~~which to hide their actions~~. ~~Next you need to consider where it is that thieves often enter~~ the ~~home~~, ~~that is~~, the ~~windows. Check out all~~ the ~~windows in your home and make sure that~~ the ~~locks have been in good working order~~. ~~Its also~~ a ~~good idea to test~~ the ~~locks on your doors, are they old and a bit shaky? Alternative with new strong locks might be so as.~~ <br><br>~~Connection~~ with the ~~neighbors~~ is ~~still another great preventive measure. To explore more, please gander at~~: ~~[http://www~~.~~pinterest.com~~/~~alarmrelay/ best home alarm company]. They"ll be just like concerned while in regards to~~ the ~~security~~ of ~~these families~~ and ~~homes~~. ~~Keeping informed about strange occurrences~~ in the ~~neighborhood will help increase~~ the ~~safety~~ and ~~attention~~ of ~~all concerned~~. ~~An attitude of participation~~ and ~~awareness~~ is ~~one of~~ the ~~most useful defenses against house crimes.~~.<br><br>~~If you have any questions relating~~ to ~~where~~ and ~~the best ways~~ to ~~use [http:~~/~~/www~~.~~blogigo.com~~/~~woebegonegather23 purchase health insurance]~~, ~~you could contact us at~~ the ~~web page~~.		The '''Lankford coefficient''' (also called Lankford value, R-value, or plastic strain ratio)<ref>Lankford, W. T., Snyder, S. C., Bausher, J. A.: ''New criteria for predicting the press performance of deep drawing sheets.'' Trans. ASM, 42, 1197–1205 (1950).</ref> is a measure of the [[plasticity (physics)\|plastic]] [[anisotropy]] of a [[rolling (metalworking)\|rolled]] [[sheet metal]]. This [[Scalar (physics)\|scalar]] quantity is used extensively as an indicator of the [[formability]] of [[recrystallization\|recrystallized]] [[low-carbon steel]] sheets.<ref name=Mori>Ken-ichiro Mori, ''Simulation of Materials Processing: Theory, Methods and Applications'', (ISBN 9026518226), p. 436</ref>

			== Definition ==
			If <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> are the coordinate directions in the plane of rolling and <math>z</math> is the thickness direction, then the R-value is given by
			:<math>
			R = \cfrac{\epsilon^p_{\mathrm{xy}}}{\epsilon^p_{\mathrm{z}}}
			</math>
			where <math>\epsilon^p_{\mathrm{xy}}</math> is the [[plastic strain]] in-plane and <math>\epsilon^p_{\mathrm{z}}</math> is the plastic strain through-the-thickness.

			More recent studies have shown that the R-value of a material can depend strongly on the strain even at small strains {{Citation needed\|date=July 2009}} . In practice, the <math>R</math> value is usually measured at 20% elongation in a [[tensile test]].

			For [[sheet metal]]s, the <math>R</math> values are usually determined for three different directions of loading in-plane (<math>0^{\circ}, 45^{\circ}, 90^{\circ}</math> to the [[rolling direction]]) and the '''normal R-value''' is taken to be the average
			:<math>
			R = \cfrac{1}{4}\left(R_0 + 2~R_{45} + R_{90}\right) ~.
			</math>

			The '''planar anisotropy coefficient''' or '''planar R-value''' is a measure of the variation of <math>R</math> with angle from the rolling direction. This quantity is defined as
			:<math>
			R_p = \cfrac{1}{2}\left(R_0 - 2~R_{45} + R_{90}\right) ~.
			</math>

			== Anisotropy of steel sheets ==
			Generally, the Lankford value of [[cold rolled steel]] sheet acting for [[Deep drawing\|deep-drawability]] shows heavy orientation, and such deep-drawability is characterized by <math>R</math>. However, in the actual press-working, the deep-drawability of steel sheets cannot be determined only by the value of <math>R</math> and the measure of planar anisotropy, <math>R_p</math> is more appropriate.

			In an ordinary cold rolled steel, <math>R_{90}</math> is the highest, and <math>R_{45}</math> is the lowest. Experience shows that even if <math>R_{45}</math> is close to 1, <math>R_0</math> and <math>R_{90}</math> can be quite high leading to a high average value of <math>R</math>.<ref name=Mori /> In such cases, any press-forming process design on the basis of <math>R_{45}</math> does not lead to an improvement in deep-drawability.

			== See also ==
			* [[Yield surface]]

			==References==
			{{reflist}}

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Lankford Coefficient}}
			[[Category:Plasticity]]
			[[Category:Solid mechanics]]
			[[Category:Metal forming]]

en>JohnBlackburne: /* Continuous-time */ fix/workaround for LaTeX rendering issues in MW 1.18

2011-10-12T00:28:20Z

Continuous-time: fix/workaround for LaTeX rendering issues in MW 1.18

New page

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