Mehler kernel - Revision history

en>Cuzkatzimhut: added Category:Multivariate continuous distributions using HotCat

2014-11-24T23:34:50Z

added Category:Multivariate continuous distributions using HotCat

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:34, 25 November 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~They~~'~~re always ready to help,~~ and ~~they~~'re always ~~making changes~~ to ~~the site to make sure you won't have troubles in the first place~~. ~~You may discover this probably~~ the most time-consuming part of building a Word - Press MLM website. These templates are professionally designed and are also Adsense ready. Word - Press also provides protection against spamming, as security is a measure issue. All this is very ~~simple, and the~~ best thing is that it is totally free, and you don't need a domain name or web hosting. <br><br>Luckily, for Word - Press users, WP Touch plugin transforms your site into an IPhone style theme. You may either choose to link only to the top-level category pages or the ones that contain information about your products and services. There are number of web services that offer Word press development across the world. This is identical to doing a research as in ~~depth above, nevertheless you can see various statistical details like~~ the ~~number of downloads and when the template was not long ago updated. Many times the camera~~ is ~~following Mia,~~ taking ~~in her point of view in almost every frame~~. ~~<br><br>It is very easy to install Word - Press blog or website~~. The only problem with most is that they only offer a monthly plan, you never own the software and you can’t even install the software on your site, you must go to another website to manage your list and edit your autoresponder. ~~You can now~~ search ~~through the thousands of available plugins to add all kinds of functionality to your Word - Press site. User friendly features and flexibility that Word - Press has to offer~~ is ~~second to none. For any web design and development assignment, this is definitely one of the key concerns, specifically~~ for ~~online retail outlets as well as e-commerce websites~~. ~~<br><br>Word - Press has plenty of SEO benefits over Joomla and Drupal. In case~~ you need to hire PHP developers or hire Offshore Code - Igniter development services or you are looking for Word - Press development experts then Mindfire Solutions would be the right choice for a Software Development partner. This allows for keeping the ~~content editing toolbar in place~~ at ~~all times no matter how far down the page is scrolled~~. ~~Word~~ - ~~Press is the most popular open source content management system (CMS) in the world today. See a product, take a picture, and it gives you an Amazon price for that product, or related products.~~ <br><br>~~Millions of individuals and organizations are now successfully using this tool throughout the world. s ability to use different themes and skins known as Word~~ - Press Templates or Themes. However, there are a few other Wordpress plugins also for its development which requires adding files in your Wordpress setup. If you loved this post and you would certainly like to get even more facts pertaining to [http://~~linxfix~~.com/~~BackupPlugin729784 wordpress dropbox backup] kindly see our own webpage. Working with a Word~~ - ~~Press blog and the appropriate cost~~-~~free Word~~ - Press theme, you can get a professional internet site up and published in no time at all. 95, and they also supply studio press discount code for their clients, coming from 10% off to 25% off upon all theme deals.

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en>Wavelength: inserting 1 hyphen: —> "one-dimensional"—wikt:one-dimensional

2014-02-20T17:05:49Z

inserting 1 hyphen: —> "one-dimensional"—wikt:one-dimensional

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:05, 20 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{third-party\|date=March 2012}}~~		They're always ready to help, and they're always making changes to the site to make sure you won't have troubles in the first place. You may discover this probably the most time-consuming part of building a Word - Press MLM website. These templates are professionally designed and are also Adsense ready. Word - Press also provides protection against spamming, as security is a measure issue. All this is very simple, and the best thing is that it is totally free, and you don't need a domain name or web hosting. <br><br>Luckily, for Word - Press users, WP Touch plugin transforms your site into an IPhone style theme. You may either choose to link only to the top-level category pages or the ones that contain information about your products and services. There are number of web services that offer Word press development across the world. This is identical to doing a research as in depth above, nevertheless you can see various statistical details like the number of downloads and when the template was not long ago updated. Many times the camera is following Mia, taking in her point of view in almost every frame. <br><br>It is very easy to install Word - Press blog or website. The only problem with most is that they only offer a monthly plan, you never own the software and you can’t even install the software on your site, you must go to another website to manage your list and edit your autoresponder. You can now search through the thousands of available plugins to add all kinds of functionality to your Word - Press site. User friendly features and flexibility that Word - Press has to offer is second to none. For any web design and development assignment, this is definitely one of the key concerns, specifically for online retail outlets as well as e-commerce websites. <br><br>Word - Press has plenty of SEO benefits over Joomla and Drupal. In case you need to hire PHP developers or hire Offshore Code - Igniter development services or you are looking for Word - Press development experts then Mindfire Solutions would be the right choice for a Software Development partner. This allows for keeping the content editing toolbar in place at all times no matter how far down the page is scrolled. Word - Press is the most popular open source content management system (CMS) in the world today. See a product, take a picture, and it gives you an Amazon price for that product, or related products. <br><br>Millions of individuals and organizations are now successfully using this tool throughout the world. s ability to use different themes and skins known as Word - Press Templates or Themes. However, there are a few other Wordpress plugins also for its development which requires adding files in your Wordpress setup. If you loved this post and you would certainly like to get even more facts pertaining to [http://linxfix.com/BackupPlugin729784 wordpress dropbox backup] kindly see our own webpage. Working with a Word - Press blog and the appropriate cost-free Word - Press theme, you can get a professional internet site up and published in no time at all. 95, and they also supply studio press discount code for their clients, coming from 10% off to 25% off upon all theme deals.
	~~In [[statistics]]~~, the '~~''focused information criterion (FIC)''' is a method for selecting~~ the most ~~appropriate model among a set~~ of ~~competitors for~~ a ~~given data set~~. ~~Unlike most other [[model selection]] strategies~~, ~~like the [[Akaike information criterion]] (AIC)~~, ~~the [[Bayesian information criterion]] (BIC)~~ and the ~~[[deviance information criterion]] (DIC)~~, ~~the FIC does not attempt to assess the overall fit of candidate models but focuses attention directly on the parameter of primary interest with the statistical analysis, say~~ <~~math~~> ~~\mu~~ <~~/math~~>, for ~~which competing models lead to different estimates~~, ~~say <math> \hat\mu_j </math> for model <math> j </math>~~. ~~The FIC method consists in first developing an exact~~ or ~~approximate expression for~~ the ~~precision or quality~~ of ~~each [[estimator]], say <math> r_j </math> for <math> \hat\mu_j </math>~~, and ~~then use data to estimate these precision measures, say <math> \hat r_j </math>~~. ~~In the end~~ the ~~model with best estimated precision~~ is ~~selected. The FIC methodology was developed by Gerda Claeskens and [[Nils Lid Hjort]]~~, ~~first~~ in ~~two 2003 discussion articles in [[Journal~~ of ~~the American Statistical Association]] and later on in other papers and~~ in ~~their 2008 book~~.

	~~The concrete formulae and implementation for FIC depend first of all on the particular interest parameter~~ <~~math~~> ~~\mu~~ <~~/math~~>~~, the choice of which does not depend on mathematics but on the scientific and statistical context~~. ~~Thus the FIC apparatus may be selecting one model as~~ most ~~appropriate for estimating a quantile of~~ a ~~distribution but preferring another model as best for estimating the mean value. Secondly~~, the ~~FIC formulae depend on the specifics of the models used for~~ the ~~observed data and also~~ on ~~how precision is~~ to ~~be measured. The clearest case is where precision is taken~~ to ~~be [[mean squared error]] (or its square root), say <math> r_j = b_j^2 + \tau_j^2 </math> in terms of [[Bias of an estimator\|squared bias]]~~ and ~~[[variance]] for~~ the ~~estimator associated with model <math> j </math>. FIC formulae are then~~ available ~~in a variety~~ of ~~situations, both for handling [[parametric model\|parametric]], [[semiparametric model\|semiparametric]]~~ and ~~[[non~~-~~parametric statistics\|nonparametric]] situations, involving separate estimation of squared bias and variance, leading~~ to ~~estimated precision <math> \hat r_j </math>. In the end the FIC selects the model with smallest estimated mean squared error.~~

	~~Associated with the use of the FIC for selecting a good model~~ is ~~the ''FIC plot'', designed~~ to ~~give a clear~~ and ~~informative picture~~ of ~~all estimates~~, ~~across all candidate models, and their merit~~. ~~It displays estimates on the~~ <~~math~~> y <~~/math~~> ~~axis along with FIC scores on the <math> x </math> axis; thus estimates found~~ to ~~the left in the plot~~ are ~~associated with the better models and those found in the middle and to~~ the right ~~stem from models less or not adequate~~ for the ~~purpose of estimating~~ the ~~focus parameter in question~~.

	~~Generally speaking, complex models~~ (~~with many parameters relative to [[sample size]]~~) ~~tend to lead to estimators with small bias but high variance; more parsimonious models (with fewer parameters) typically yield estimators with larger bias but smaller variance~~. ~~The FIC method balances the two desiderata of having small bias~~ and ~~small variance in~~ an ~~optimal fashion~~. ~~The main difficulty lies with the bias~~ <~~math~~> ~~b_j~~ <~~/math~~>~~, as it involves the distance from the expected value~~ of the ~~estimator~~ to ~~the true underlying quantity to be estimated,~~ and ~~the true data generating mechanism may lie outside each of the candidate models~~.

	~~In situations where there is not a unique focus parameter, but rather a family of such~~, there are ~~versions of ''average FIC'' (AFIC or wFIC) that find the best model in terms of suitably weighted performance measures, e.g. when searching~~ for ~~a [[regression analysis\|regression]] model to perform particularly well~~ in ~~a portion of the [[covariate]] space~~.

	~~It is also possible~~ to ~~keep several of the best models on board, ending the statistical analysis with a data-dicated weighted average of the estimators of the best FIC scores, typically giving highest weight~~ to ~~estimators associated with the best FIC scores. Such schemes of ''model averaging'' extend the direct FIC selection method.~~

	The FIC methodology applies in particular to selection of variables in different forms of [[regression analysis]], including the framework of [[generalized linear model\|generalised linear models]] and the semiparametric [[proportional hazards models]] (i.e. Cox regression).

	~~== External links ==~~
	* [http://~~www.esi-topics~~.com/~~fbp/2005/august05-Hjort_Claeskens~~.~~html Interview on frequentist model averaging]~~ with ~~Essential Science Indicators~~
	* [http://www.econ.kuleuven.ac.be/public/ndbaf45/modelselection/ Webpage for Model Selection and ~~Model Averaging]~~ the ~~Claeskens and Hjort book~~

	~~== References ==~~

	* Claeskens, G. and ~~Hjort, N.L. (2003). "The focused information criterion" (with discussion)~~. ~~''[[Journal of the American Statistical Association]]''~~, ~~volume 98, pp. 879–899. {{doi\|10.1198/016214503000000819}}~~
	* Hjort, N.L. and Claeskens, G. (2003). "Frequentist model average estimators" (with discussion). ''[[Journal of the American Statistical Association]]'', volume 98, pp. 900–916. {{doi\|10.1198/016214503000000828}}
	* Hjort, N.L. and Claeskens, G. (2006). "Focused information criteria and model averaging for ~~the Cox hazard regression model." ''[[Journal of the American Statistical Association]]''~~, ~~volume 101, pp. 1449–1464. {{doi\|~~10.~~1198/016214506000000069}}~~
	* Claeskens, G. and Hjort, N.L. (2008). ''Model Selection and Model Averaging.'' [[Cambridge University Press]].

	~~[[Category:Bayesian statistics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Regression variable selection]]~~
	~~[[Category:Model selection]]~~
	~~[[Category:Statistical inference]]~~

129.247.247.238 at 12:41, 29 April 2013

2013-04-29T12:41:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:41, 29 April 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~Home improvements can be fun~~, but ~~they can also be frustrating~~. ~~A bit~~ of ~~advice can make projects easier~~. In ~~this article~~, ~~we will discuss great ways to accomplish self improvement tasks stress free~~.<br><br>~~Small rooms can look dark and dull~~, but ~~this can be changed. Get some light into these rooms. Clean~~ the ~~windows~~ and ~~open up~~ the ~~curtains to let in~~ as ~~much light~~ as ~~possible~~. ~~It is surprising that your room will look bigger if you use~~ the ~~natural sunlight. Use pale colors~~ on ~~your walls~~ and ~~avoid clutter. Your small room suddenly won't seem so cramped anymore~~.<br><br>~~Plain lampshades can often be spartan~~ and ~~boring~~. ~~Using acrylic paint~~ and ~~stencils~~, ~~you can add great designs to your lampshades. This will add some style~~ and ~~personality~~ to ~~you rooms and take away the drab look from a cheep looking lamp shade.~~<br><br>~~Attach any bolts, nuts or screws~~, ~~as well as your other hardware~~ to ~~the front~~ of ~~storage containers~~. It ~~can be difficult to find what you are looking for in even~~ the ~~most organized tool shops. Written labels will get clumped together.~~<br><br>Store material that you're using for building between floor joists or ceiling rafters. You can put up your big pieces of molding or wood in these areas. Just add some furring strips to two exposed floor joists.<br><br>~~Take care of~~ the ~~bubble that has been haunting you~~ in ~~your vinyl! Bubbles~~ in ~~vinyl floors are easy~~ to ~~slice open to get rid~~ of the ~~air. This flattens the bubble temporarily~~. ~~However~~, ~~you will need~~ to ~~put some glue in there in order~~ to ~~keep it attached~~ to ~~the floor~~. ~~Purchase~~ the ~~type~~ of ~~glue that fills a syringe to complete your project~~.<br><br>~~Don't throw out your small baby food jars; instead~~, ~~use them~~ to ~~organize your workspace. You should screw or glue~~ the ~~lids under a wall shelf. You can use these jars~~ to ~~store different items like nails~~ and ~~screws. Replace~~ the ~~jar by twisting it back under~~ the ~~shelf~~. In ~~this way~~, ~~you can make good use~~ of ~~your shelves and all those little jars~~ that ~~would otherwise end up~~ in ~~the landfill~~.~~<br><br>Smooth wood before staining or painting it, then use~~ a ~~damp rag~~ to ~~wipe~~ the ~~surface off~~. ~~Sanding smooths~~ the ~~finish. Afterwards~~, ~~use that damp rag to rid~~ the ~~object~~ of ~~dust which helps to give it that nice smooth finish.<br><br>When doing home improvement work,~~ the wise homeowner will spend money on high-quality fixtures and materials before spending it on pricey furnishings and decor. Why is this? Simple--homeowners take their furniture and decorative accents with them when they move. Fixtures that are attractive and durable remain where they are, ~~adding value~~ to the ~~home~~.~~<br><br>Lots~~ of ~~homes lose cold air or heat through clear glass windows~~. ~~Cut If you have any kind~~ of ~~concerns regarding where~~ and ~~ways to make use of diy home improvements~~ ([http://www.~~homeimprovementdaily~~.com ~~homeimprovementdaily~~.~~com~~])~~, you can call us at our internet site~~. ~~that loss in half by applying a 2nd glaze to big windows~~. ~~You~~'~~ll see~~ the ~~difference in your heating~~ and ~~cooling bills right away~~. ~~You will also notice greater comfort in your home~~.~~<br><br>There's no need to go overboard~~ with ~~costs when you are remodeling a bathroom~~. ~~It doesn~~'~~t really take much to make a big difference to~~ the ~~appearance of a bathroom. Replace towel bars~~, ~~toilet roll holders~~, ~~the mirror~~, and ~~your light fixture~~. ~~Change~~ the ~~color~~ of the ~~paint for a fresh~~, ~~new look~~. ~~All of this will result in your bathroom looking brand new without having to spend a fortune~~.~~<br><br>Home improvement isn't just for Tim the Tool man Taylor~~. ~~Anyone can become involved in a successful home improvement project~~. ~~No matter what the extent of your improvement is~~, ~~you can make a home more comfortable~~ and ~~worth more by doing improvement~~. ~~Use this article for advice on home improvement and how to get started today!~~		{{third-party\|date=March 2012}}
			In [[statistics]], the '''focused information criterion (FIC)''' is a method for selecting the most appropriate model among a set of competitors for a given data set. Unlike most other [[model selection]] strategies, like the [[Akaike information criterion]] (AIC), the [[Bayesian information criterion]] (BIC) and the [[deviance information criterion]] (DIC), the FIC does not attempt to assess the overall fit of candidate models but focuses attention directly on the parameter of primary interest with the statistical analysis, say <math> \mu </math>, for which competing models lead to different estimates, say <math> \hat\mu_j </math> for model <math> j </math>. The FIC method consists in first developing an exact or approximate expression for the precision or quality of each [[estimator]], say <math> r_j </math> for <math> \hat\mu_j </math>, and then use data to estimate these precision measures, say <math> \hat r_j </math>. In the end the model with best estimated precision is selected. The FIC methodology was developed by Gerda Claeskens and [[Nils Lid Hjort]], first in two 2003 discussion articles in [[Journal of the American Statistical Association]] and later on in other papers and in their 2008 book.

			The concrete formulae and implementation for FIC depend first of all on the particular interest parameter <math> \mu </math>, the choice of which does not depend on mathematics but on the scientific and statistical context. Thus the FIC apparatus may be selecting one model as most appropriate for estimating a quantile of a distribution but preferring another model as best for estimating the mean value. Secondly, the FIC formulae depend on the specifics of the models used for the observed data and also on how precision is to be measured. The clearest case is where precision is taken to be [[mean squared error]] (or its square root), say <math> r_j = b_j^2 + \tau_j^2 </math> in terms of [[Bias of an estimator\|squared bias]] and [[variance]] for the estimator associated with model <math> j </math>. FIC formulae are then available in a variety of situations, both for handling [[parametric model\|parametric]], [[semiparametric model\|semiparametric]] and [[non-parametric statistics\|nonparametric]] situations, involving separate estimation of squared bias and variance, leading to estimated precision <math> \hat r_j </math>. In the end the FIC selects the model with smallest estimated mean squared error.

			Associated with the use of the FIC for selecting a good model is the ''FIC plot'', designed to give a clear and informative picture of all estimates, across all candidate models, and their merit. It displays estimates on the <math> y </math> axis along with FIC scores on the <math> x </math> axis; thus estimates found to the left in the plot are associated with the better models and those found in the middle and to the right stem from models less or not adequate for the purpose of estimating the focus parameter in question.

			Generally speaking, complex models (with many parameters relative to [[sample size]]) tend to lead to estimators with small bias but high variance; more parsimonious models (with fewer parameters) typically yield estimators with larger bias but smaller variance. The FIC method balances the two desiderata of having small bias and small variance in an optimal fashion. The main difficulty lies with the bias <math> b_j </math>, as it involves the distance from the expected value of the estimator to the true underlying quantity to be estimated, and the true data generating mechanism may lie outside each of the candidate models.

			In situations where there is not a unique focus parameter, but rather a family of such, there are versions of ''average FIC'' (AFIC or wFIC) that find the best model in terms of suitably weighted performance measures, e.g. when searching for a [[regression analysis\|regression]] model to perform particularly well in a portion of the [[covariate]] space.

			It is also possible to keep several of the best models on board, ending the statistical analysis with a data-dicated weighted average of the estimators of the best FIC scores, typically giving highest weight to estimators associated with the best FIC scores. Such schemes of ''model averaging'' extend the direct FIC selection method.

			The FIC methodology applies in particular to selection of variables in different forms of [[regression analysis]], including the framework of [[generalized linear model\|generalised linear models]] and the semiparametric [[proportional hazards models]] (i.e. Cox regression).

			== External links ==
			* [http://www.esi-topics.com/fbp/2005/august05-Hjort_Claeskens.html Interview on frequentist model averaging] with Essential Science Indicators
			* [http://www.econ.kuleuven.ac.be/public/ndbaf45/modelselection/ Webpage for Model Selection and Model Averaging] the Claeskens and Hjort book

			== References ==

			* Claeskens, G. and Hjort, N.L. (2003). "The focused information criterion" (with discussion). ''[[Journal of the American Statistical Association]]'', volume 98, pp. 879–899. {{doi\|10.1198/016214503000000819}}
			* Hjort, N.L. and Claeskens, G. (2003). "Frequentist model average estimators" (with discussion). ''[[Journal of the American Statistical Association]]'', volume 98, pp. 900–916. {{doi\|10.1198/016214503000000828}}
			* Hjort, N.L. and Claeskens, G. (2006). "Focused information criteria and model averaging for the Cox hazard regression model." ''[[Journal of the American Statistical Association]]'', volume 101, pp. 1449–1464. {{doi\|10.1198/016214506000000069}}
			* Claeskens, G. and Hjort, N.L. (2008). ''Model Selection and Model Averaging.'' [[Cambridge University Press]].

			[[Category:Bayesian statistics]]
			[[Category:Regression variable selection]]
			[[Category:Model selection]]
			[[Category:Statistical inference]]

en>JFB80: /* References */ More exact reference

2012-05-31T11:53:28Z

References: More exact reference

New page

Home improvements can be fun, but they can also be frustrating. A bit of advice can make projects easier. In this article, we will discuss great ways to accomplish self improvement tasks stress free. Small rooms can look dark and dull, but this can be changed. Get some light into these rooms. Clean the windows and open up the curtains to let in as much light as possible. It is surprising that your room will look bigger if you use the natural sunlight. Use pale colors on your walls and avoid clutter. Your small room suddenly won't seem so cramped anymore. Plain lampshades can often be spartan and boring. Using acrylic paint and stencils, you can add great designs to your lampshades. This will add some style and personality to you rooms and take away the drab look from a cheep looking lamp shade. Attach any bolts, nuts or screws, as well as your other hardware to the front of storage containers. It can be difficult to find what you are looking for in even the most organized tool shops. Written labels will get clumped together. Store material that you're using for building between floor joists or ceiling rafters. You can put up your big pieces of molding or wood in these areas. Just add some furring strips to two exposed floor joists. Take care of the bubble that has been haunting you in your vinyl! Bubbles in vinyl floors are easy to slice open to get rid of the air. This flattens the bubble temporarily. However, you will need to put some glue in there in order to keep it attached to the floor. Purchase the type of glue that fills a syringe to complete your project. Don't throw out your small baby food jars; instead, use them to organize your workspace. You should screw or glue the lids under a wall shelf. You can use these jars to store different items like nails and screws. Replace the jar by twisting it back under the shelf. In this way, you can make good use of your shelves and all those little jars that would otherwise end up in the landfill. Smooth wood before staining or painting it, then use a damp rag to wipe the surface off. Sanding smooths the finish. Afterwards, use that damp rag to rid the object of dust which helps to give it that nice smooth finish. When doing home improvement work, the wise homeowner will spend money on high-quality fixtures and materials before spending it on pricey furnishings and decor. Why is this? Simple--homeowners take their furniture and decorative accents with them when they move. Fixtures that are attractive and durable remain where they are, adding value to the home. Lots of homes lose cold air or heat through clear glass windows. Cut If you have any kind of concerns regarding where and ways to make use of diy home improvements ([http://www.homeimprovementdaily.com homeimprovementdaily.com]), you can call us at our internet site. that loss in half by applying a 2nd glaze to big windows. You'll see the difference in your heating and cooling bills right away. You will also notice greater comfort in your home. There's no need to go overboard with costs when you are remodeling a bathroom. It doesn't really take much to make a big difference to the appearance of a bathroom. Replace towel bars, toilet roll holders, the mirror, and your light fixture. Change the color of the paint for a fresh, new look. All of this will result in your bathroom looking brand new without having to spend a fortune. Home improvement isn't just for Tim the Tool man Taylor. Anyone can become involved in a successful home improvement project. No matter what the extent of your improvement is, you can make a home more comfortable and worth more by doing improvement. Use this article for advice on home improvement and how to get started today!