en>Yobot: /* External links */WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10093)

2014-05-05T12:11:57Z

External links: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10093)

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	~~[[File:Tephigram~~.~~png\|thumb\|right\|Tephigram]]~~		It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible.<br><br><br><br>Here are some common dental emergencies:<br>Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached.<br><br>At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN.<br><br>Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours.<br><br>Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary.<br><br>Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.<br><br>Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital.<br><br>Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief.<br><br>In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off.<br><br>If you loved this article and you would such as to obtain more facts regarding [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90z1mmiwNS8 dentist DC] kindly browse through the web site.
	~~[[File:Téphigramme vierge~~.~~svg\|thumb\|right\|Annotated Tephigram]]~~

	~~A '''tephigram'''~~ is ~~one~~ of ~~four [[thermodynamic diagrams]] commonly used in [[weather]] analysis~~ and ~~forecasting~~. ~~The name evolved from the original name "T-~~<~~math~~>~~\phi~~<~~/math~~>~~-gram" to describe the axes of [[temperature]] (T) and [[entropy]] (~~<~~math~~>~~\phi~~<~~/math~~>~~) used to create the plot.~~<~~ref name=UCD~~>~~{{Cite web\|url= http~~:~~//www~~.~~maths~~.~~ucd~~.~~ie/met/msc/Met-Labs/The-Tephigram~~.~~pdf\|format= pdf\| title= The Tephigram \|publisher=[[University College Dublin]] \|author= Meteorology~~ and ~~Climate Centre\| work = M~~.Sc. ~~in Meteorology\|accessdate=January 18, 2012}}~~<~~/ref~~> ~~Usually, temperature and [[dew point]] data from [[radiosonde]]s are plotted on these diagrams to allow calculations of convective stability or [[convective available potential energy]] (CAPE).~~<~~ref name=UCD/~~> ~~Wind barbs are often plotted at~~ the ~~side of~~ a ~~tephigram~~ to ~~indicate~~ the ~~winds at different heights~~.

	~~== Description ==~~

	~~The tephigram was invented by [[Napier Shaw]]~~ in ~~1915 and is used primarily~~ in the ~~United Kingdom and Canada~~.<~~ref name=FAQ~~>~~{{Cite journal\|url= http~~:~~//matthias~~.~~hoeh~~.~~name/download/Report%20C2%20Heat%20Transfer~~.~~pdf \|format= pdf\| title= Heat Transfer within~~ the ~~Earth-Atmosphere System \|first= Matthias \|last = Hoeh\|publisher= [[Imperial College London]] \|date=13 March 2006\|accessdate=January 18~~, ~~2012}}~~<~~/ref~~> Other ~~countries use similar thermodynamic diagrams for the same purpose however the details of their construction vary~~. In the ~~tephigram, [[Contour line#Temperature~~ and ~~related subjects\|isotherms]] are straight and have~~ a ~~45 degree inclination~~ to the ~~right while [[isobar (meteorology)\|isobar]]s are horizontal and have a slight curve~~. ~~Dry [[adiabat]]s are also straight and have a 45 degree inclination~~ to the ~~left while moist adiabats are curved~~.<~~ref name=UCD/~~>

	~~The principal reason that tephigrams are used by~~ the ~~British [[Met Office]]~~ and the ~~[[Meteorological Service of Canada]] is~~ the ~~property that areas contained by~~ the ~~curves have equal energies for equal areas~~, ~~leading~~ to ~~better comparisons~~ of ~~CAPE and hence convective systems~~.<~~ref name=UCD/~~>

	~~==See also==~~
	* [[Thermodynamic diagrams]]
	* [[Skew-T log-P diagram]], a variation of the [[Emagram]]
	* [[Stüve diagram]]

	~~==References==~~

	<~~references/~~>

	~~==Bibliography==~~
	* M.H.P. Ambaum, ''Thermal Physics of the ~~Atmosphere'~~', ~~published by Wiley-Blackwell~~, ~~April 16~~, ~~2010, 240 pages~~. ~~ISBN 978-0-470-74515-1~~
	* R.~~R. Rogers~~ and M.~~K. Yau~~, ~~''Short Course in Cloud Physics~~, ~~Third Edition''~~, ~~published by Butterworth-Heinemann~~, ~~January 1~~, ~~1989, 304 pages~~. ~~EAN 9780750632157 ISBN 0-7506-3215-1~~
	* J.~~V. Iribarne~~ and W.L. ~~Godson, ''Atmospheric Thermodynamics, 2nd Edition'', published~~ by D. ~~Reidel Publishing Company, [[Dordrecht]], [[Holland]], 1981, 278 pages, ISBN 90-277-1297-2, ISBN 978-90-277-1296-7~~

	~~==External links==~~
	* [http://www.~~met.rdg.ac~~.uk/~~~sws97mha/Tephigram Department of Meteorology, University of Reading~~] ~~page about tephigrams including pdfs of blank printable colour and monochrome tephigrams~~.

	~~[[Category:Atmospheric thermodynamics]]~~

	~~{{climate-stub}}~~

en>The mike luby: added reference to raptorq code in ietf rfc 6330

2012-10-11T19:40:59Z

added reference to raptorq code in ietf rfc 6330

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41.131.124.120: Added link to C# implementation on CodeProject

2012-07-21T11:04:06Z

Added link to C# implementation on CodeProject

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Luby transform code - Revision history

en>Yobot: /* External links */WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10093)

en>The mike luby: added reference to raptorq code in ietf rfc 6330

41.131.124.120: Added link to C# implementation on CodeProject