Costas loop - Revision history

en>Rjwilmsi: Journal cites, Added 3 dois to journal cites using AWB (10365)

2014-08-13T13:07:49Z

Journal cites, Added 3 dois to journal cites using AWB (10365)

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:07, 13 August 2014
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en>Monkbot: Fix CS1 deprecated date parameter errors

2014-02-04T09:21:09Z

Fix CS1 deprecated date parameter errors

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:21, 4 February 2014
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	~~{{no footnotes\|date=January 2013}}~~
	In [[telecommunications]], a '''cutback technique''' is a destructive technique for determining certain [[optical fiber]] [[transmission characteristic]]s, such as [[attenuation (electromagnetic radiation)\|attenuation]] and [[Bandwidth (computing)\|bandwidth]].

	~~==Procedure==~~
	~~The measurement technique consists of:~~
	~~#performing the desired measurements on a long length of the fiber under test,~~
	~~#cutting the fiber under test at a point near the launching end,~~
	~~#repeating the measurements on the short length of fiber, and~~
	~~#subtracting the results obtained on the short length to determine the results for the residual long length.~~

	~~The cut should be made to retain 1 meter or more~~ of the ~~fiber, in order to establish~~ [~~[equilibrium mode distribution~~]~~] conditions for~~ the ~~second measurement~~. ~~In a [[multimode fiber]]~~, the ~~lack~~ of ~~an equilibrium mode distribution could introduce errors~~ in the ~~measurement due~~ to ~~output coupling effects~~. In a ~~[[single~~-~~mode fiber]], measuring~~ a ~~shorter cutback fiber could result in significant transmission of cladding modes (light carried in~~ the ~~cladding rather than~~ the ~~core of~~ the ~~optical fiber), distorting the measurement~~. ~~The errors introduced will result in conservative~~ results ~~(''i~~.e.~~'', higher transmission losses and lower bandwidths) than would be realized under equilibrium conditions~~.		Essays and duties are a significant portion of the curriculum. When a fantastic essay is posted the student can get awards correctly. 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	~~== Benefits ==~~
	The ~~benefit~~ of ~~this technique~~ is that it ~~allows measurement~~ of ~~the fiber characteristics without introducing errors due~~ to ~~variation in~~ the ~~launch conditions~~. ~~For example,~~ the ~~[[Coupling loss\|coupling efficiency]]~~ of the ~~light source is kept consistent between the initial and the cutback measurements~~.

	~~Several characteristics may~~ be ~~determined using~~ the ~~same test fiber~~.

	~~== Attenuation measurement ==~~
	~~Since the attenuation~~ is ~~defined as proportional~~ to the ~~logarithm~~ of the ~~ratio between <math>P(x)<~~/~~math> and <math>P(y)<~~/~~math>, where <math>P<~~/~~math> is the [[Radiant power\|power~~]~~] at point <math>x</math>~~ and ~~<math>y</math> respectively~~. ~~Using~~ the ~~cutback technique,~~ the ~~power transmitted through a fiber~~ of ~~known length is measured~~ and ~~compared with~~ the ~~same measurement~~ for the ~~same fiber cut~~ to a ~~length of~~ <~~math~~>2m<~~/math~~> ~~approximately~~.

	~~== Related techniques ==~~
	~~A variation of the cutback technique is the [[substitution method]], in which measurements~~ are ~~made on~~ a ~~full length of fiber~~, ~~and then on~~ a ~~short length of fiber having~~ the ~~same characteristics ([[Fiber_optics#Principle_of_operation\|core]] size, [[numerical aperture]]), with the results~~ from ~~the short length being subtracted to give the results for the full length~~.

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{FS1037C}}~~

	~~==External links==~~
	*[http://~~electron9~~.~~phys~~.~~utk~~.~~edu~~/~~optics421~~/~~modules~~/~~m9/optical_fiber_measurements~~.~~htm Optical Fiber Measurements~~]

	[~~[Category~~:~~Fiber optics]~~]

en>Laugh Tough: removed wikilink from reference title

2013-05-21T14:18:45Z

removed wikilink from reference title

New page

{{no footnotes|date=January 2013}}
In [[telecommunications]], a '''cutback technique''' is a destructive technique for determining certain [[optical fiber]] [[transmission characteristic]]s, such as [[attenuation (electromagnetic radiation)|attenuation]] and [[Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]].

==Procedure==
The measurement technique consists of:
#performing the desired measurements on a long length of the fiber under test,
#cutting the fiber under test at a point near the launching end,
#repeating the measurements on the short length of fiber, and
#subtracting the results obtained on the short length to determine the results for the residual long length.

The cut should be made to retain 1 meter or more of the fiber, in order to establish [[equilibrium mode distribution]] conditions for the second measurement. In a [[multimode fiber]], the lack of an equilibrium mode distribution could introduce errors in the measurement due to output coupling effects. In a [[single-mode fiber]], measuring a shorter cutback fiber could result in significant transmission of cladding modes (light carried in the cladding rather than the core of the optical fiber), distorting the measurement. The errors introduced will result in conservative results (''i.e.'', higher transmission losses and lower bandwidths) than would be realized under equilibrium conditions.

== Benefits ==
The benefit of this technique is that it allows measurement of the fiber characteristics without introducing errors due to variation in the launch conditions. For example, the [[Coupling loss|coupling efficiency]] of the light source is kept consistent between the initial and the cutback measurements.

Several characteristics may be determined using the same test fiber.

== Attenuation measurement ==
Since the attenuation is defined as proportional to the logarithm of the ratio between <math>P(x)</math> and <math>P(y)</math>, where <math>P</math> is the [[Radiant power|power]] at point <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> respectively. Using the cutback technique, the power transmitted through a fiber of known length is measured and compared with the same measurement for the same fiber cut to a length of <math>2m</math> approximately.

== Related techniques ==
A variation of the cutback technique is the [[substitution method]], in which measurements are made on a full length of fiber, and then on a short length of fiber having the same characteristics ([[Fiber_optics#Principle_of_operation|core]] size, [[numerical aperture]]), with the results from the short length being subtracted to give the results for the full length.

==References==
{{FS1037C}}

==External links==
*[http://electron9.phys.utk.edu/optics421/modules/m9/optical_fiber_measurements.htm Optical Fiber Measurements]

[[Category:Fiber optics]]