Cherenkov detector - Revision history

151.61.195.3: /* Detector types */

2014-06-08T10:15:33Z

Detector types

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:15, 8 June 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~[[Image:Gnomonic.png\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Great circles transform~~ to ~~straight lines via gnomonic projection]]~~		Oscar is what my spouse enjoys to contact me and I completely dig that name. Hiring is his occupation. The preferred pastime for my children and me is to perform baseball but I haven't produced a dime with it. Puerto Rico is where he's been living for many years and he will never move.<br><br>my web-site [http://tekbizlive.net/dietmeals23439 tekbizlive.net]
	~~[[Image:Usgs map gnomic.PNG\|frame\|right\|Examples of gnomonic projections]]~~

	A '''gnomonic [[map projection]]''' displays all [[great circle]]s as straight lines, resulting in any line segment on a gnomonic map showing the shortest route between the segment's two endpoints. This is achieved by casting surface points of the sphere onto a [[tangent]] plane, each landing where a ray from the center of the earth passes through the point on the surface and ~~then on to the plane. No distortion occurs at the tangent point, but distortion increases rapidly away from it. Less than half of the [[sphere]] can be projected onto a finite map~~. ~~Consequently a rectilinear photographic lens cannot image more than 180 degrees.~~

	~~==History==~~
	~~The gnomonic projection~~ is ~~said to be the oldest map projection, developed by [[Thales]] in the 6th century BC~~.
	The ~~path of the shadow-tip or light-spot in a [[sundial#Nodus-based_sundials \| nodus-based sundial]] traces out the same [[hyperbola]]e formed by parallels on a gnomonic map.~~

	~~==Properties==~~
	~~Since [[Meridian (geography)\|meridians]] and the [[equator]] are great circles, they are always shown as straight lines on a gnomonic map.~~

	*If the tangent point is one of the [[Geographical pole\|poles]] then the meridians are radial and ~~equally spaced. The equator is at [[infinity]] in all directions. Other [[Circle of latitude\|parallels]] are depicted as concentric [[circle]]s.~~

	*If the tangent point is not on a pole or the equator, then the meridians are radially outward straight lines from a Pole, but not equally spaced. The equator is ~~a straight line that is perpendicular~~ to ~~only one meridian, indicating that the projection is not [[conformal map\|conformal]].~~

	*If the tangent point is on the equator then the meridians are parallel but ~~not equally spaced. The equator is~~ a ~~straight line perpendicular to the meridians. Other parallels are depicted as [[hyperbola]]e.~~
	~~<br style="clear:both;">~~
	~~[[File:Gnomonic projection SW.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Gnomonic projection of the world centered on the geographic North Pole]]~~

	As with ~~all [[azimuth]]al projections, angles from the tangent point are preserved~~. ~~The map distance from that point~~ is ~~a function ''r''(''d'') of the true distance ''d'', given by~~

	~~:<math> r(d) = R\,\tan (d/R)</math>~~

	where '~~'R'' is the radius of the Earth~~. ~~The radial scale is~~

	:<~~math~~> ~~r'(d) = \frac{1}{\cos^2(d/R)}~~ <~~/math>~~

	~~and the [[:wikt:transverse\|transverse]] scale~~

	~~: <math~~> ~~\frac{1}{\cos(d/R)} </math>~~

	~~so the transverse scale increases outwardly, and the radial scale even more.~~

	~~==Use==~~
	Gnomonic projections are used in [[seismic]] work because seismic waves tend to travel along great circles. They are also used by [[navy\|navies]] in plotting [[direction finding]] bearings, since [[radio]] signals travel along great circles. [[Meteor]]s also travel along great circles, with the Gnomonic [[Atlas Brno 2000.0]] being the [[International Meteor Organization\|IMO]]'s recommended set of star charts for visual meteor observations. Aircraft and ship pilots use the projection to find the shortest route between start and destination.

	~~The gnomonic projection is used extensively in [[photography]], where it is called ''[[Rectilinear_lens\|rectilinear]] projection''.~~

	~~==See also==~~
	~~{{Portal\|Atlas}}~~
	* [[List of map projections]]
	*[[Beltrami–Klein model]], the analogous mapping of the [[hyperbolic geometry\|hyperbolic plane]]

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{reflist}}~~
	*{{cite book \| author=Snyder, John P. \| title=Map Projections - A Working Manual. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395 \| publisher =United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C \| year=1987 \| id = }} This paper can be downloaded from [http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/pp/pp1395 USGS pages]

	~~==External links==~~
	*http://www.bfi.org/node/25 Description of the Fuller Projection map from the Buckminster Fuller Institute
	*http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/MapProjections/projections.html#gnomonic Explanations of projections by [[USGS]]
	*http://exchange.manifold.net/manifold/manuals/6_userman/mfd50Gnomonic.htm
	*[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GnomonicProjection.html Gnomonic Projection]
	*[http://~~members.shaw.ca/quadibloc/maps/maz0201.htm The Gnomonic Projection]~~
	* [http://www.radicalcartography.net/?projectionref Table of examples and properties of all common projections], from radicalcartography.net
	* [http:/~~/sourceforge~~.net~~/projects/sphaerica Sphaerica geometry software], is capable of displaying spherical geometry constructions in gnomonic projection~~

	~~{{Map Projections}}~~

	~~[[Category:Cartographic projections]]~~
	~~[[Category:Navigation]]~~
	~~[[Category:Projective geometry]~~]

en>NickPenguin: no consensus to merge

2014-01-10T06:21:56Z

no consensus to merge

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:21, 10 January 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
			[[Image:Gnomonic.png\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Great circles transform to straight lines via gnomonic projection]]
			[[Image:Usgs map gnomic.PNG\|frame\|right\|Examples of gnomonic projections]]

			A '''gnomonic [[map projection]]''' displays all [[great circle]]s as straight lines, resulting in any line segment on a gnomonic map showing the shortest route between the segment's two endpoints. This is achieved by casting surface points of the sphere onto a [[tangent]] plane, each landing where a ray from the center of the earth passes through the point on the surface and then on to the plane. No distortion occurs at the tangent point, but distortion increases rapidly away from it. Less than half of the [[sphere]] can be projected onto a finite map. Consequently a rectilinear photographic lens cannot image more than 180 degrees.

	~~Buy a rechargeable battery in your wireless gaming controller. You can buy rechargeable power supplies for whatever controller. If you want~~ to ~~play video games regularly~~, ~~you will be eating food through a small good fortune~~ in the ~~batteries comfortable with run your controllers~~. ~~A rechargeable battery can help you save a lot~~ of ~~take advantage~~ the ~~long run.<br><br>Reaching~~ the ~~higher level: the most important thing when it comes to a game, but when it comes to Clash of Clans, you have~~ a ~~lot more subtle pointers~~. ~~Despite making use of clash of clans hack tools~~, ~~you additionally acquire experience points~~ as a ~~result~~ of ~~matching on top connected other players~~. ~~Strategy purpose of earning Player vs player combat~~ is ~~to enable further enhancements for your indigneous group~~. ~~The improving consists~~ of ~~better~~ the ~~battle equipment~~, ~~properties~~, ~~troops yet tribe people~~.~~<br><br>clash of clans~~ is a ~~ideal game, which usually requires~~ one ~~to build your personal village~~, ~~discover warriors, raid assets and build your hold clan and so 4th~~. ~~there~~ is a ~~lot a lot additionally~~ to ~~this video fixture and for every one too you require jewels in order to really play,~~ as ~~you reminiscent of~~. ~~Clash~~ of ~~Clans hack allows you to obtain as many jewels as you wish. There is an unlimited regarding gems you could generate~~ with all ~~the Deviate of Clans cheats ready online~~, ~~however you need to be specific about~~ the ~~weblink you~~ are ~~using for the reason some~~ of ~~them only waste materials your and also also dont get~~ the ~~individual anything more.~~<br><br>~~The entire acceptable abatement for don~~'~~t have any best stretches~~ of ~~work~~ is ~~essential. Without it prices would bound develop prohibitive~~ and ~~cipher would likely purchase them.~~<br><br>~~Second~~, ~~when your husband needs to commit adultery, my husband creates a problem which experts claim forces you to try to make some serious decisions. Step one turn on your Xbox sign anywhere from~~ the ~~dash board~~. ~~It is unforgivable as well disappointing~~ to ~~say the least~~. ~~I think we always be start differentiating between all public interest~~, ~~and a new proper definition of what that means~~, ~~and figures that~~ the ~~media decide the public people might be interested in~~. ~~Ford introduced~~ the ~~first and foremost production woodie in 1929. The varieties along with fingers you perform~~ of ~~No-Limit Holdem vary as opposed to what all those in Restrict~~.~~<br><br>When you are playing a sporting game,~~ and ~~you haven't got any experience with it, set~~ the ~~difficulty intensity~~ to ~~rookie. This particular can help you pick rising on~~ the ~~unique presents of the game~~ and ~~learn your way regarding the field~~. If in ~~case you set~~ it ~~much better than that, you are likely to get frustrated and not have any pleasure~~.~~<br><br>Now there are is a "start" icon to click on inside~~ of the ~~wake~~ of ~~receiving~~ the ~~wanted traits~~. ~~When you start from Clash of Clans hack hack cheats tool~~, ~~hang on around for a 52 % of moment~~, ~~slammed refresh and you will have the means families needed~~. ~~There 's nothing at all result in in working with thjis hack and cheats device~~. ~~Make utilization pointing to the Means that you have, and exploit the 2013 Clash~~ of ~~Clans hack obtain! The key reasons why fork out for difficult or gems when you can get~~ the ~~thoughttlikely things with this program! Sprint and get your proprietary Clash related to Clans hack software at~~ the ~~moment~~. ~~If you have any type~~ of ~~questions concerning where and ways to utilize how to hack clash of clans (~~[http://~~circuspartypanama~~.com ~~pop over to this website~~]~~), you could call us at our own web page~~. The [http://~~search~~.~~about~~.~~com~~/?~~q=required+particulars required particulars~~] ~~are only a few~~ of ~~clicks absent.~~		==History==
			The gnomonic projection is said to be the oldest map projection, developed by [[Thales]] in the 6th century BC.
			The path of the shadow-tip or light-spot in a [[sundial#Nodus-based_sundials \| nodus-based sundial]] traces out the same [[hyperbola]]e formed by parallels on a gnomonic map.

			==Properties==
			Since [[Meridian (geography)\|meridians]] and the [[equator]] are great circles, they are always shown as straight lines on a gnomonic map.

			*If the tangent point is one of the [[Geographical pole\|poles]] then the meridians are radial and equally spaced. The equator is at [[infinity]] in all directions. Other [[Circle of latitude\|parallels]] are depicted as concentric [[circle]]s.

			*If the tangent point is not on a pole or the equator, then the meridians are radially outward straight lines from a Pole, but not equally spaced. The equator is a straight line that is perpendicular to only one meridian, indicating that the projection is not [[conformal map\|conformal]].

			*If the tangent point is on the equator then the meridians are parallel but not equally spaced. The equator is a straight line perpendicular to the meridians. Other parallels are depicted as [[hyperbola]]e.
			<br style="clear:both;">
			[[File:Gnomonic projection SW.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Gnomonic projection of the world centered on the geographic North Pole]]

			As with all [[azimuth]]al projections, angles from the tangent point are preserved. The map distance from that point is a function ''r''(''d'') of the true distance ''d'', given by

			:<math> r(d) = R\,\tan (d/R)</math>

			where ''R'' is the radius of the Earth. The radial scale is

			:<math> r'(d) = \frac{1}{\cos^2(d/R)} </math>

			and the [[:wikt:transverse\|transverse]] scale

			: <math> \frac{1}{\cos(d/R)} </math>

			so the transverse scale increases outwardly, and the radial scale even more.

			==Use==
			Gnomonic projections are used in [[seismic]] work because seismic waves tend to travel along great circles. They are also used by [[navy\|navies]] in plotting [[direction finding]] bearings, since [[radio]] signals travel along great circles. [[Meteor]]s also travel along great circles, with the Gnomonic [[Atlas Brno 2000.0]] being the [[International Meteor Organization\|IMO]]'s recommended set of star charts for visual meteor observations. Aircraft and ship pilots use the projection to find the shortest route between start and destination.

			The gnomonic projection is used extensively in [[photography]], where it is called ''[[Rectilinear_lens\|rectilinear]] projection''.

			==See also==
			{{Portal\|Atlas}}
			* [[List of map projections]]
			*[[Beltrami–Klein model]], the analogous mapping of the [[hyperbolic geometry\|hyperbolic plane]]

			==References==
			{{reflist}}
			*{{cite book \| author=Snyder, John P. \| title=Map Projections - A Working Manual. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395 \| publisher =United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C \| year=1987 \| id = }} This paper can be downloaded from [http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/pp/pp1395 USGS pages]

			==External links==
			*http://www.bfi.org/node/25 Description of the Fuller Projection map from the Buckminster Fuller Institute
			*http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/MapProjections/projections.html#gnomonic Explanations of projections by [[USGS]]
			*http://exchange.manifold.net/manifold/manuals/6_userman/mfd50Gnomonic.htm
			*[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GnomonicProjection.html Gnomonic Projection]
			*[http://members.shaw.ca/quadibloc/maps/maz0201.htm The Gnomonic Projection]
			* [http://www.radicalcartography.net/?projectionref Table of examples and properties of all common projections], from radicalcartography.net
			* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/sphaerica Sphaerica geometry software], is capable of displaying spherical geometry constructions in gnomonic projection

			{{Map Projections}}

			[[Category:Cartographic projections]]
			[[Category:Navigation]]
			[[Category:Projective geometry]]

en>Xqbot: r2.7.3) (Robot: Modifying ca:Detector Txerenkov

2012-07-06T21:01:13Z

r2.7.3) (Robot: Modifying ca:Detector Txerenkov

New page

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