Bode plot - Revision history

en>Wtshymanski: rv v Undid revision 641149353 by 130.65.251.52 (talk)

2015-01-05T22:47:49Z

rv v Undid revision 641149353 by 130.65.251.52 (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:47, 6 January 2015
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	In the context of [[spaceflight]], a '''launch window''' is a time period during which a particular vehicle ([[rocket]], [[Space Shuttle]], etc.) must be launched in order to reach its intended target. If the rocket is not launched within the "window", it has to wait for the next window.<~~ref~~>~~[http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/brainbites/nonflash/bb_home_launchwindow.html What~~ is ~~a launch window?]</ref>~~		Hello! <br>My name is Brigitte and I'm a 28 years old boy from Germany.<br><br>my blog; [http://Epsl.com.ua/fotogalereja/detail/8/16.html how To get free fifa 15 coins]

	For trips into largely arbitrary [[Earth orbit]]s, almost any time will do. But if the [[spacecraft]] intends to [[space rendezvous\|rendezvous]] with a space station (such as the [[International Space Station]]) or another vehicle already in an orbit, the launch must be carefully timed to occur around the times that the target vehicle's [[orbital plane (astronomy)\|orbital plane]] intersects the launch site.

	~~For launches above [[low Earth orbit]] (LEO), the actual launch time can be somewhat flexible if a [[parking orbit]] is used, because the inclination~~ and ~~time the spacecraft initially spends in the parking orbit can be varied. See the launch window used by the ''[[Mars Global Surveyor]]'~~' ~~spacecraft to the planet [[Mars]] at [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/overvu/delta/window/window.html].~~

	~~To go to another planet using the simple low-energy [[Hohmann transfer orbit]], if eccentricity of orbits is not~~ a ~~factor, launch windows are periodic according to the [[synodic period]]; for example, in the case of Mars the period is 2.135~~ years, i.e. 780 days. In more complex cases, including the use of [[gravitational slingshot]]s, launch windows are irregular. Sometimes rare opportunities arise such as when ''[[Voyager 2]]'' took advantage of a 175 year planetary alignment (launch window) to visit [[Jupiter]], [[Saturn]], [[Uranus]] and [[Neptune]]. When such an opportunity is missed, another target may be selected. For example, the [[Rosetta (spacecraft)\|Rosetta]] mission of [[European Space Agency\|ESA]] was originally intended for comet [[46P/Wirtanen]], but a launcher problem delayed it and a new target had to be selected (comet [[67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko]]).

	~~Launch windows are often calculated~~ from ~~[[porkchop plot]]s that show the [[delta-v]] needed to achieve the mission, plotted against the launch time~~.

	The term "launch window" is often used metaphorically, particularly in [[marketing]], to describe the launch of a product, the "window" describing a key opportunity for the product to be released. For example, a [[film]] may be scheduled for release in the summer – a popular time for films – but if there is a problem in development, it might miss that launch window and make less of a profit.{{citation needed (lead)\|date=August 2012}}

	~~==Specific issues==~~
	~~[[Space Shuttle]] missions to the [[International Space Station]] were restricted by [[beta angle]] cutout. Beta angle (~~<~~math~~>~~\beta~~<~~/math~~>~~) is defined as the angle between the orbit plane and the vector from the Sun.<ref name="knk">{{cite web\|url=~~http://~~www.tak2000~~.com/data/planets/earth.htm\|title= Earth's Thermal Environment\|last=K&K Associates\|year=2008\|work=Thermal Environments JPL D-8160\|publisher=K&K Associates\|accessdate=June 20, 2009}}</ref> Due to the relationship between an orbiting object's beta angle (in this case, the ISS) and the percent of its orbit that is spent in sunlight, solar power generation and thermal control are affected by that beta angle.<ref name="mcc">{{cite web\|url=http://spaceflight.nasa.~~gov/feedback/expert~~/~~answer~~/~~mcc~~/~~sts-113~~/~~11_23_20_01_179~~.html\|title=MCC Answers\|author=Derek Hassman, NASA Flight Director\|date=December 1, 2002\|publisher=NASA\|accessdate=June 20, 2009}}</ref> Shuttle launches to the ISS were normally only attempted when the ISS is in an orbit with a beta angle of less than 60 degrees.<ref name="mcc"/>

	~~== See also ==~~
	*[[Beta angle]]
	*[[Collision avoidance (spacecraft)]]
	*[[Delta-v budget]]
	*[[Interplanetary travel]]
	*[[Oberth effect]]

	~~{{Wiktionary\|window of opportunity}}~~

	~~== References ==~~
	~~{{Reflist}}~~

	~~{{Orbits}}~~

	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Launch Window}}~~
	~~[[Category:Spaceflight concepts]~~]

en>Deflective at 23:58, 2 November 2013

2013-11-02T23:58:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:58, 3 November 2013
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	It is ~~very common to have~~ a ~~dental emergency --~~ a ~~fractured tooth~~, ~~an abscess~~, ~~or severe pain when chewing~~. ~~Over-~~the~~-counter pain medication~~ is ~~just masking~~ the ~~problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical~~ to ~~getting the source of~~ the ~~problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible~~.<br>~~<br><br><br>Here are some common dental emergencies~~:<br>~~Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth'~~s ~~nerve~~, ~~treatment involves gently removing~~ any ~~debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this~~ will ~~cause severe pain~~ if the ~~nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously~~ with ~~warm water. Then soak~~ a ~~small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached.<br><br>At times the pain may have a more obscure location~~ such as ~~decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help~~ the ~~pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic~~) ~~internally~~ or ~~dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it~~ in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN.<br><br>Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an ~~abscessed tooth. In any case~~ the ~~treatment should~~ be to ~~reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on~~ the ~~outside of~~ the ~~jaw,~~ (~~ten minutes on and ten minutes off~~) ~~will take care of both~~. ~~If this does not control~~ the ~~pain, an analgesic tablet~~ can be ~~given every four hours.<br><br>Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips~~ if ~~severe means~~ a ~~trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In~~ the ~~mean~~ time ~~rinse~~ the ~~mouth with warm water and place cold compression~~ the ~~face opposite~~ the ~~injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure~~ to the ~~bleeding area~~. ~~If bleeding does not stop get patient~~ to the ~~emergency room~~ of a ~~hospital as stitches may be necessary.<br><br>Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over~~ the ~~socket and have the patient bite down gently on it~~ for ~~30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid~~ in the ~~tea seeps into~~ the ~~tissues and often helps stop the bleeding~~. ~~If bleeding continues after two hours~~, ~~call~~ the ~~dentist or take patient to the emergency room~~ of ~~the nearest hospital~~.~~<br><br>Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient~~'~~s jaw~~ is ~~broken~~, ~~bring the upper and lower teeth together~~. ~~Put a necktie~~, ~~handkerchief or towel under~~ the ~~chin~~, ~~tying~~ it ~~over~~ the ~~head~~ to ~~immobilize~~ the ~~jaw until you can get~~ the ~~patient~~ to a ~~dentist or~~ the ~~emergency room of~~ a ~~hospital~~.~~<br><br>Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from~~ a ~~loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can~~ be ~~given by crushing~~ a ~~little ice~~ and ~~wrapping it in gauze or~~ a ~~clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts~~. ~~The numbing effect of~~ the ~~cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief~~.<br><br>~~In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth~~)~~, especially if it~~ is ~~impacted, can cause~~ the ~~jaw to swell~~ and ~~be quite painful. Often~~ the ~~gum around~~ the ~~tooth will show signs of infection~~. ~~Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum~~. ~~AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE~~. ~~The swelling of~~ the ~~jaw can be reduced by using~~ an ~~ice pack on~~ the ~~outside of~~ the ~~face at intervals~~ of ~~ten minutes on~~ and ~~ten minutes off~~.<br>~~<br>If you have any type of inquiries regarding where and ways to utilize [~~http://~~www~~.~~youtube~~.~~com~~/~~watch?v~~=~~90z1mmiwNS8 dentist DC]~~, ~~you can contact us at~~ the ~~web site~~.		In the context of [[spaceflight]], a '''launch window''' is a time period during which a particular vehicle ([[rocket]], [[Space Shuttle]], etc.) must be launched in order to reach its intended target. If the rocket is not launched within the "window", it has to wait for the next window.<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/brainbites/nonflash/bb_home_launchwindow.html What is a launch window?]</ref>

			For trips into largely arbitrary [[Earth orbit]]s, almost any time will do. But if the [[spacecraft]] intends to [[space rendezvous\|rendezvous]] with a space station (such as the [[International Space Station]]) or another vehicle already in an orbit, the launch must be carefully timed to occur around the times that the target vehicle's [[orbital plane (astronomy)\|orbital plane]] intersects the launch site.

			For launches above [[low Earth orbit]] (LEO), the actual launch time can be somewhat flexible if a [[parking orbit]] is used, because the inclination and time the spacecraft initially spends in the parking orbit can be varied. See the launch window used by the ''[[Mars Global Surveyor]]'' spacecraft to the planet [[Mars]] at [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/overvu/delta/window/window.html].

			To go to another planet using the simple low-energy [[Hohmann transfer orbit]], if eccentricity of orbits is not a factor, launch windows are periodic according to the [[synodic period]]; for example, in the case of Mars the period is 2.135 years, i.e. 780 days. In more complex cases, including the use of [[gravitational slingshot]]s, launch windows are irregular. Sometimes rare opportunities arise such as when ''[[Voyager 2]]'' took advantage of a 175 year planetary alignment (launch window) to visit [[Jupiter]], [[Saturn]], [[Uranus]] and [[Neptune]]. When such an opportunity is missed, another target may be selected. For example, the [[Rosetta (spacecraft)\|Rosetta]] mission of [[European Space Agency\|ESA]] was originally intended for comet [[46P/Wirtanen]], but a launcher problem delayed it and a new target had to be selected (comet [[67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko]]).

			Launch windows are often calculated from [[porkchop plot]]s that show the [[delta-v]] needed to achieve the mission, plotted against the launch time.

			The term "launch window" is often used metaphorically, particularly in [[marketing]], to describe the launch of a product, the "window" describing a key opportunity for the product to be released. For example, a [[film]] may be scheduled for release in the summer – a popular time for films – but if there is a problem in development, it might miss that launch window and make less of a profit.{{citation needed (lead)\|date=August 2012}}

			==Specific issues==
			[[Space Shuttle]] missions to the [[International Space Station]] were restricted by [[beta angle]] cutout. Beta angle (<math>\beta</math>) is defined as the angle between the orbit plane and the vector from the Sun.<ref name="knk">{{cite web\|url=http://www.tak2000.com/data/planets/earth.htm\|title= Earth's Thermal Environment\|last=K&K Associates\|year=2008\|work=Thermal Environments JPL D-8160\|publisher=K&K Associates\|accessdate=June 20, 2009}}</ref> Due to the relationship between an orbiting object's beta angle (in this case, the ISS) and the percent of its orbit that is spent in sunlight, solar power generation and thermal control are affected by that beta angle.<ref name="mcc">{{cite web\|url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/feedback/expert/answer/mcc/sts-113/11_23_20_01_179.html\|title=MCC Answers\|author=Derek Hassman, NASA Flight Director\|date=December 1, 2002\|publisher=NASA\|accessdate=June 20, 2009}}</ref> Shuttle launches to the ISS were normally only attempted when the ISS is in an orbit with a beta angle of less than 60 degrees.<ref name="mcc"/>

			== See also ==
			*[[Beta angle]]
			*[[Collision avoidance (spacecraft)]]
			*[[Delta-v budget]]
			*[[Interplanetary travel]]
			*[[Oberth effect]]

			{{Wiktionary\|window of opportunity}}

			== References ==
			{{Reflist}}

			{{Orbits}}

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Launch Window}}
			[[Category:Spaceflight concepts]]

en>EmausBot: r2.7.2+) (Robot: Modifying ja:ボード線図

2012-08-19T05:01:44Z

r2.7.2+) (Robot: Modifying ja:ボード線図

New page

It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible. Here are some common dental emergencies: Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached. At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN. Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours. Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary. Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital. Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital. Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief. In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off. If you have any type of inquiries regarding where and ways to utilize [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90z1mmiwNS8 dentist DC], you can contact us at the web site.