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	<title>Algebraic character - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-08T19:20:37Z</updated>
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		<title>en&gt;Colonies Chris: /* Generalization */sp, date &amp; link fixes; unlinking common words, replaced: Kac-Moody → Kac–Moody (4) using AWB</title>
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		<updated>2014-03-11T22:44:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Generalization: &lt;/span&gt;sp, date &amp;amp; link fixes; unlinking common words, replaced: Kac-Moody → Kac–Moody (4) using &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Testwiki:AWB&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Testwiki:AWB (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;AWB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 00:44, 12 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Merge to |perfect ring |date=March 2011}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ed &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;what people contact me and my spouse doesn&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;t like it at all&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;To climb &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;something she would by no means give up&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;For &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;while I&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ve been in Mississippi but now I&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;m considering other choices&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;I am currently a journey agent&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;br&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;br&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Have &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;look at my weblog :&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;best psychic&lt;/ins&gt;, [http://&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;formalarmour&lt;/ins&gt;.com/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;index.php&lt;/ins&gt;?&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;do&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/profile&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;26947/info/ http&lt;/ins&gt;:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;//formalarmour.com&lt;/ins&gt;]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In [[abstract algebra]], a &#039;&#039;&#039;semiperfect ring&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a [[ring (mathematics)|ring]] over which every [[finitely generated module|finitely generated]] left [[module (mathematics)|module]] has a [[projective cover]].  This property is left-right symmetric.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Definition ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Let &#039;&#039;R&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&#039; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;be ring&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; Then &#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039; is &#039;&#039;&#039;semiperfect&#039;&#039;&#039; if any of the following equivalent conditions hold:&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039;/J(&#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039;) is [[semisimple module|semisimple]] and [[idempotent element|idempotent]]s lift modulo J(&#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039;), where J(&#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039;) &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the [[Jacobson radical]] of &#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039; has &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;complete orthogonal set &lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, &lt;/del&gt;..&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;., &#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sub&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; of idempotents with each &#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sub&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;R e&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/sub&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt; a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[local ring]].&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Every [[simple module|simple]] left (right) [[module (mathematics)|&#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039;-module]] has a [[projective cover]].&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Every [[finitely generated module|finitely generated]] left (right) &#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039;-module has a projective cover.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* The category of finitely generated projective &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;-modules is [[Krull-Schmidt_category|Krull-Schmidt]].&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Examples ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Examples of &#039;&#039;&#039;semiperfect rings&#039;&#039;&#039; include&lt;/del&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Left (right) [[perfect ring]]s.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Local ring]]s.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Left (right) [[Artinian ring]]s.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[dimension (vector space)|Finite dimensional]] [[algebra over a field|&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;-algebras]].&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Properties ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Since a ring &#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039; is semiperfect iff every [[simple module|simple]] left [[module (mathematics)|&#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039;-module]] has a projective cover&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;every ring &lt;/del&gt;[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[Morita equivalence|Morita equivalent]] to a semiperfect ring is also semiperfect.  &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== References ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*{{cite book|last = Anderson|first = Frank Wylie|coauthors = Fuller, Kent R|title = Rings and Categories of Modules|publisher = Springer|date = 1992|isbn = 0-387-97845-3|url = &lt;/del&gt;http://&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;books.google&lt;/del&gt;.com/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;books&lt;/del&gt;?&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;id&lt;/del&gt;=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;PswhrD_wUIkC|accessdate = 2007&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;03-27}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category&lt;/del&gt;:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ring theory]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Module theory]&lt;/del&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>en&gt;Colonies Chris</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Algebraic_character&amp;diff=16685&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>en&gt;Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error 18  fixes + general fixes (BRFA 15) using AWB (7832)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Algebraic_character&amp;diff=16685&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-09-09T10:52:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=WP:CHECKWIKI&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;WP:CHECKWIKI (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;WP:CHECKWIKI&lt;/a&gt; error 18  fixes + &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=WP:GENFIXES&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;WP:GENFIXES (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;general fixes&lt;/a&gt; (BRFA 15) using &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Testwiki:AWB&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Testwiki:AWB (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;AWB&lt;/a&gt; (7832)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Merge to |perfect ring |date=March 2011}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In [[abstract algebra]], a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;semiperfect ring&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a [[ring (mathematics)|ring]] over which every [[finitely generated module|finitely generated]] left [[module (mathematics)|module]] has a [[projective cover]].  This property is left-right symmetric.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Definition ==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Let &amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039; be ring.  Then &amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;semiperfect&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; if any of the following equivalent conditions hold:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039;/J(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) is [[semisimple module|semisimple]] and [[idempotent element|idempotent]]s lift modulo J(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039;), where J(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) is the [[Jacobson radical]] of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039; has a complete orthogonal set &amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, ..., &amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; of idempotents with each &amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;i&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;R e&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;i&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; a [[local ring]].&lt;br /&gt;
* Every [[simple module|simple]] left (right) [[module (mathematics)|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039;-module]] has a [[projective cover]].&lt;br /&gt;
* Every [[finitely generated module|finitely generated]] left (right) &amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039;-module has a projective cover.&lt;br /&gt;
* The category of finitely generated projective &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;-modules is [[Krull-Schmidt_category|Krull-Schmidt]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Examples ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;semiperfect rings&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Left (right) [[perfect ring]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Local ring]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
* Left (right) [[Artinian ring]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[dimension (vector space)|Finite dimensional]] [[algebra over a field|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;&amp;#039;-algebras]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Properties ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since a ring &amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is semiperfect iff every [[simple module|simple]] left [[module (mathematics)|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;R&amp;#039;&amp;#039;-module]] has a projective cover, every ring [[Morita equivalence|Morita equivalent]] to a semiperfect ring is also semiperfect.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last = Anderson|first = Frank Wylie|coauthors = Fuller, Kent R|title = Rings and Categories of Modules|publisher = Springer|date = 1992|isbn = 0-387-97845-3|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PswhrD_wUIkC|accessdate = 2007-03-27}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ring theory]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Module theory]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>en&gt;Yobot</name></author>
	</entry>
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