https://en.formulasearchengine.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=212.44.20.129formulasearchengine - User contributions [en]2026-05-23T15:12:04ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.28https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Canonical_signed_digit&diff=25468Canonical signed digit2012-10-25T13:03:08Z<p>212.44.20.129: /* Implementation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{lowercase}}<br />
In [[baseball]], '''wOBA''' (or '''weighted on-base average''') is a statistic, based on [[linear regression|linear weights]], designed to measure a player's overall offensive contributions per plate appearance. It is formed from taking the observed run values of various offensive events, dividing by a player's plate appearances, and scaling the result to be on the same scale as [[on-base percentage]]. Unlike statistics like [[On-base plus slugging|OPS]], wOBA attempts to assign the proper value for each type of hitting event. It was created by [[Tom Tango]] and his coauthors for ''The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball.''<ref name="thebook">http://www.insidethebook.com/woba.shtml</ref><br />
<br />
== Usage ==<br />
In 2008, [[sabermetrics]] website [[FanGraphs]] began listing the current and historical wOBA for all players in [[Major League Baseball]].<ref>http://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/index.php/the-joy-of-woba/</ref> It forms the basis of the offensive component of their [[Wins above replacement]] (WAR) metric. Sites such as [[The Hardball Times]] have studied wOBA and found it to perform comparably to or better than other similar tools (OPS, [[Runs created]], etc.) used in sabermetrics to estimate runs.<ref>http://www.thehardballtimes.com/main/article/the-great-run-estimator-shootout-part-1/</ref><ref>http://www.thehardballtimes.com/main/article/the-great-run-estimator-shootout-part-2/</ref> ''The Book'' uses wOBA in numerous studies to test the validity of many aspects of baseball conventional wisdom.<br />
<br />
==Formula==<br />
The formula, as it originally appeared in ''The Book,'' is<br />
<br />
<math>wOBA=\frac{(0.72*NIBB) + (0.75*HBP) + (0.90*\mathit{1}B) + (0.92*RBOE) + (1.24*\mathit{2}B) + (1.56*\mathit{3}B) + (1.95*HR)}{PA}</math><br />
<br />
where:<br />
*''NIBB'' = Non-intentional [[Base on balls|bases on balls]]<br />
*''HBP'' = [[Hit by pitch]]<br />
*''1B'' = [[Single (baseball)|Single]]<br />
*''RBOE'' = Reached base on [[Error (baseball)|error]]<br />
*''2B'' = [[Double (baseball)|Double]]<br />
*''3B'' = [[Triple (baseball)|Triple]]<br />
*''HR'' = [[Home run]]<br />
*''PA'' = [[Plate appearance]]<br />
<br />
== Citations ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Tom Tango]], Mitchel Lichtman, and Andrew Dolphin. ''The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball''. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2007. ISBN 1-59797-129-4.<br />
<br />
{{Baseball statistics}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Woba}}<br />
[[Category:Batting statistics]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Baseball-stub}}</div>212.44.20.129